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VIP, NEVER LEAVE MY SIDE
Zyesami(TM), GOOD FAST
According to a user from the United Kingdom, the name Zye means "Thanks". According to a user from the United States, the name Zye is of American origin and means "Good fast". A user from Mississippi, U.S. says the name Zye is of African American origin and means "Never leave my side". ~ NAME.org ————————————
NeuroRx has reported that the Phase IIb/III trial of Zyesami (aviptadil, previously RLF-100) showed multidimensional benefit in treating respiratory failure in critically ill Covid-19 patients.
It was initially approved as a 28-day study at the FDA’s guidance but NeuroRx added a 60-day endpoint last December.
The move comes after recognising that the traditional 28-day endpoint adopted in the 1990s for trials in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is not suitable for critically ill Covid-19 patients as they are admitted in the ICU with modern technologies well beyond this period of time.
NeuroRx and some clinical trial sponsors informed the FDA on this trend and the FDA has published formal guidance altering the time needed for evaluating the prespecified endpoint of ‘alive and free of respiratory failure’ in critically ill patients to 60 days.
https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/neurorx-zyesami-recovery-trial/
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease with a predilection for the respiratory system. Although most patients enter remission and have good long-term outcomes, up to 20% develop fibrotic lung disease, whereby granulomatous inflammation evolves to pulmonary fibrosis.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23952859/
But for many types, a definite cause cannot be found, for example idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Although we do not always know what causes pulmonary fibrosis, we do know it is not a form of cancer or cystic fibrosis, and it is not contagious. Cystic fibrosis is also not a type of ILD or pulmonary fibrosis.
https://www.blf.org.uk/support-for-you/pulmonary-fibrosis/what-is-pulmonary-fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a progressive, genetic disease that causes persistent lung infections and limits the ability to breathe over time. ———————-
In people with CF, mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause the CFTR protein to become dynamic sfunctional. When the protein is not working correctly, it’s unable to help move chloride -- a component of salt -- to the cell surface. Without the chloride to attract water to the cell surface, the mucus in various organs becomes thick and sticky.
In the lungs, the mucus clogs the airways and traps germs, like bacteria, leading to infections, inflammation, respiratory failure, and other complications. For this reason, minimizing contact with germs is a top concern for people with CF.
https://www.cff.org/What-is-CF/About-Cystic-Fibrosis/
Mucus is secreted from two distinct areas within the lung tissue. In the surface epithelium, which is part of the tissue lining of the airways, there are mucus-producing cells called goblet cells. The connective tissue layer beneath the mucosal epithelium contains seromucous glands which also produce mucus.
https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/respiratory-clinical-archive/the-physiology-of-mucus-and-sputum-production-in-the-respiratory-system-10-06-2003/
Recent Findings: As a neurotransmitter, VIP exerts a potent bronchodilatory and vasodilatory effect and also is supposed to induce the house-keeping mucus secretion by submucosal glands. On the other hand, it has immunomodulatory functions which include humoral immune response suppression, inhibition of vascular and bronchial remodeling and inflammation and attenuation of the cigarette smoke extract-induced apoptotic death of alveolar L2 cells. Recent research on a wide spectrum of lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and sarcoidosis indicates a potential therapeutic role of a VIP agonist. Simultaneously, novel stabilized inhaled VIP agonists and drug delivery systems have been proposed as a promising candidate alternative drug with minimized side effects. These data are supported by the results of certain, limited clinical trials which have already been conducted.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3738270/
As part of a new agreement with AdVita Lifescience, Relief Therapeutics will acquire the intellectual rights for the specifications and potential applications of an inhaled formulation of RLF-100 (aviptadil).
Relief has been collaborating with NeuroRx to advance the development of RLF-100 to treat patients with severe COVID-19 respiratory complications and other lung disorders, including pulmonary sarcoidosis.
RLF-100 is an artificial form of a peptide hormone, called vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), that is naturally produced throughout the body and has been found to have potent anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties.
By acquiring the rights to AdVita’s therapy formulation, Relief also will accelerate and secure RLF-100’s future development as an inhaled therapy for lung diseases, such as pulmonary sarcoidosis, that are associated with COVID-19. Other lung diseases associated with COVID-19, which also could potentially be treated by RLF-100, include checkpoint inhibitor-induced pneumonitis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
https://sarcoidosisnews.com/2021/01/28/deal-gives-relief-therapeutics-intellectual-rights-potential-sarcoidosis-therapy-rlf-100/
The global respiratory diseases drugs market is expected to decline from $90.32 billion in 2020 to $79.82 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -11.6%. The change in growth trend is mainly due to the companies stabilizing their output after catering to the demand that grew exponentially during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The market is expected to reach $98.81 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 5%.
https://www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/report/respiratory-diseases-drugs-global-market-report-2020-30-covid-19-implications-and-growth
SEEMS MORE RESEARCH IS NEEDED——
Cystic fibrosis is a progressive, genetic disease that causes persistent lung infections and limits the ability to breathe over time.
https://www.cff.org/What-is-CF/About-Cystic-Fibrosis/
Because VIP was not completely absent, this evidence is insufficient to rule out VIP as the vasodilator transmitter. However, the CGRP and substance P innervation we observed could mean that release of one or both of these peptides was the mechanism of the fully developed active cutaneous vasodilation.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1706332/
Noncholinergic neurons contribute to innate airway defenses by releasing vasoactive intestinal peptides (VIP), which stimulates the submucosal glands to produce a bicarbonate-rich fluid containing mucins and antimicrobial factors. VIP elevates cAMP and activates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels; however, its effects on surface expression have not been investigated.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51423838_Vasoactive_Intestinal_Peptide_Increases_Cystic_Fibrosis_Transmembrane_Conductance_Regulator_Levels_in_the_Apical_Membrane_of_Calu-3_Cells_through_a_Protein_Kinase_C-Dependent_Mechanism
The global market value for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) treatment will increase from $6.9 billion in 2014 to $10.9 billion by 2021, representing a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.5%, says business intelligence provider GBI Research.
https://drug-dev.com/global-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-treatment-market-value-to-approach-11-billion/
THE AMAZING NEUROPEPTIDE and cancer———
The VIP antagonist is a hybrid peptide consisting of a portion of VIP and a portion of neurotensin, designed to change the membrane permeability of the VIP portion. The hybrid antagonist displaced 80 to 90% of [125I]VIP binding to cell cultures from cerebral cortex, hippocampus or spinal cord.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1646331/
The most prevalent lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Here the effects of a VIP antagonist (VIP-hyb) on NSCLC growth were investigated.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8389448/
Vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibits human small-cell lung cancer proliferation in vitro and in vivo ———
Kaname Maruno, Afaf Absood, and Sami I. Said
https://www.pnas.org/content/95/24/14373
RATNA1, got it, understood! Excellent article you’ve brought to this forum. I am finally at my preferred device, the laptop, an had the NEJM article translated from German to English—> Freiburg, 25.06.2020
Hormone inhalation stops severe side effect of immune cancer therapy ———
With a novel therapy approach, doctors at the University Hospital of Freiburg managed to cure pneumonia in a patient who had occurred as a result of immune cancer therapy / Publication in the New England Journal of Medicine
Novel immunotherapies are indispensable for the treatment of cancer patients. However, they also lead to life-threatening inflammations of the lungs. Scientists and doctors at the University Hospital of Freiburg have now successfully used a novel therapy approach in a patient. The patient had received immunotherapy because of a melanoma, also called black skin cancer. However, this caused severe pneumonia. The doctors decided to give him the intestinal hormone "vasoactive intestinal peptide" (VIP) for inhalation, the use of which is being investigated at the University Hospital of Freiburg in similar illnesses. Within a few weeks, the pneumonia completely disappeared, which had not been achieved before with cortisone. The case report was published on 25 June 2020 in the renowned journal New England Journal of Medicine.
"After the patient had received cortisone at the beginning, there was a rapid return of air distress and cough," reports Dr. Frank Meiß, senior physician in the Dermatology and Venerology Clinic of the University Hospital Freiburg. Therefore, together with the patient, it was decided to take a new route and give him VIP for inhalation.
The Freiburg physicians and scientists had come up with the idea of the VIP gift, as they had already achieved first successes through VIP in several research projects researching new therapeutic approaches for lung disease sarcoidosis. "We chose this experimental therapy because there are similarities between sarcoidosis and this type of non-bacterial pneumonia," says Dr. Björn Christian Frye, senior physician at the Department of Pneumology at the University Hospital of Freiburg.
"We had expected an improvement in pneumonia, but were very positively surprised by the success of the therapy. The inflammation went down and the patient's shortness of breath disappeared," says Prof. Dr. Joachim Müller-Quernheim, Medical Director of the Clinic for Pneumology at the University Hospital Freiburg. Such non-bacterial pneumonia, called pneumonitis, occurs in 10 to 20 percent of all patients with immune cancer therapy and is usually treated with steroids such as cortisone. However, some of these have strong side effects and require the discontinuation of immunotherapy. Instead of cortisone tablets, which had only led to a short-term improvement but also side effects, the patient had to inhale only three times a day. No side effects were seen during VIP therapy.
Thank you ratna1, just another investor plowing away, waiting for news of the first harvest! Good to read you’re out there in the field . Have not read your article yet but will. Again, many thanks!
Acetylcholine is the chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, the part of the autonomic nervous system (a branch of the peripheral nervous system) that contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood vessels, increases bodily secretions, and slows heart rate.
https://www.britannica.com/science/acetylcholine
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is present in the peripheral and the central nervous systems where it functions as a nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. Significant concentrations of VIP are present in the gastrointestinal tract, heart, lungs, thyroid, kidney, urinary bladder, genital organs and the brain. On a molar basis, VIP is 50–100 times more potent than acetylcholine as a vasodilator.
https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article/49/1/27/293330
What Does Norepinephrine Do???
Together with adrenaline, norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pumping from the heart. It also increases blood pressure and helps break down fat and increase blood sugar levels to provide more energy to the body.
In the brain, norepinephrine plays a role in the sleep-wake cycle, helping you to wake up, in increasing attention and focusing on performing a task ,and in memory storage. It is also important for emotions. Problems with norepinephrine levels are associated with depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse. Bursts of norepinephrine can lead to euphoria (very happy) feelings but are also linked to panic attacks, elevated blood pressure, and hyperactivity. Low levels can cause lethargy (lack of energy), lack of concentration, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and possibly depression. Some anti-depressant medications affect norepinephrine levels in the brain.
In stressful situations, norepinephrine increases as part of the fight or flight response to mobilize the brain and body for action.
Norepinephrine can be used to treat low blood pressure (hypotension) that can occur during certain medical procedures or life-threatening situations where cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is needed.
https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/glands-and-hormones-a-to-z/hormones/norepinephrine
In this regard, endogenously released or exogenous VIP can significantly increase the heart rate and has a more potent effect on heart rate than does norepinephrine. The presence and significant cardiovascular effects of VIP in the heart suggests that this peptide is important in the regulation of coronary blood flow, cardiac contraction, and heart rate. Current investigations are defining the physiological role of VIP in the regulation of cardiovascular function.
https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article/49/1/27/293330
The [cardiovascular therapeutics] market is then expected to recover and grow at a CAGR of 3% from 2021 and reach $106.1 billion in 2023.
https://www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/press-release/global-cardiovascular-drugs-market-data-and-growth-analysis
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Therapeutics Industry report anlayzes Market for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Therapeutics By Drug Type (Corticosteroids, Immunoglobulin, Others), By Route of Administration (Oral, Injectable), By Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Online Pharmacy), and Geography Forecast till 2021-2028 ~Marketwatch >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
The Global Autoimmune Disease Therapeutics Market size is expected to reach $149.4 billion by 2025, rising at a market growth of 4.34% CAGR during the forecast period.
The autoimmune disease therapeutics market is anticipated to experience significant market growth during the forecast period due to early diagnosis of the disease, the latest launch of advanced therapy, and increased incidence of autoimmune disease. The market is witnessing a strong presence of late-stage pipeline drugs such as tocilizumab, baricitinib, olokizumab, apremilast, abatacept, PF-06438179, golimumab, ustekinumab, etrolizumab, tofacitinib, and others. On the other hand, higher costs associated with sophisticated therapy are anticipated to hamper the market growth.
https://www.kbvresearch.com/autoimmune-disease-therapeutics-market/
MORE ON THE AMAZING NEUROPEPTIDE
A demyelinating disease is any condition that results in damage to the protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerve fibers in your brain, optic nerves and spinal cord. When the myelin sheath is damaged, nerve impulses slow or even stop, causing neurological problems.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/expert-answers/demyelinating-disease/faq-20058521
In VIP-treated transection gaps, measurements 14 days after transection showed that larger axons were more numerous and their myelin sheaths were thicker. Our results suggest that in this nerve transection model, local administration of VIP promotes and accelerates early myelination and growth of regenerating axons.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12090298/
Nath said he was surprised to find almost all of the patients had abnormalities in the brain. He said bright spots visible on their brain scans represented areas of inflammation. Dark spots represented bleeding in the brain, which Nath said was likely a result of blood vessels leaking. https://kstp.com/coronavirus/new-study-shows-some-covid-19-patients-end-up-with-damage-to-brains-february-15-2021/6014166/
The cerebral protein levels of VEGF and VEGF expression in the SVZ were also enhanced in VIP-treated rats at 7 days after stroke. VIP treatment obviously increased the number of BrdU positive endothelial cells in the SVZ and density of cerebral microvessels in the ischemic boundary at 28 days after ischemia. Our study suggests that in the ischemic rat brain VIP reduces brain damage and promotes neurogenesis by increasing VEGF. VIP-enhanced neurogenesis is associated with angiogenesis. These changes may contribute to improvement in functional outcome. https://europepmc.org/article/med/26363093
PATIENTS TREATED WITH RLF-100 IV SHOULD HAVE THEIR BRAINS CHECKED
Jan. 25, 2021 -- The coronavirus may remain in people’s brains after infection and trigger relapses in patients who thought they had recovered, according to a new study published in the journal Viruses.
In the study, mice that were infected with the virus through their nasal passages developed severe illnesses due to brain infections, even after the virus left their lungs. In humans, this could explain why patients who appear to be over COVID-19 sometimes relapse and die.
https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20210125/covid-19-may-hide-in-brains-and-cause-relapses
SEASON, keep plowing away, looking forward to the harvest!!
STROKE, SECOND MOST DEADLIEST DISEASE
A stroke occurs when an artery in your brain is blocked or leaks. This causes the oxygen-deprived brain cells to begin dying within minutes. During a stroke, you feel sudden numbness and confusion or have trouble walking and seeing. If left untreated, a stroke can cause long-term disability.
https://www.healthline.com/health/top-10-deadliest-diseases
An IV injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) — also called alteplase (Activase) — is the gold standard treatment for ischemic stroke. An injection of tPA is usually given through a vein in the arm with the first three hours. Sometimes, tPA can be given up to 4.5 hours after stroke symptoms started.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350119
The cerebral protein levels of VEGF and VEGF expression in the SVZ were also enhanced in VIP-treated rats at 7 days after stroke. VIP treatment obviously increased the number of BrdU positive endothelial cells in the SVZ and density of cerebral microvessels in the ischemic boundary at 28 days after ischemia. Our study suggests that in the ischemic rat brain VIP reduces brain damage and promotes neurogenesis by increasing VEGF. VIP-enhanced neurogenesis is associated with angiogenesis. These changes may contribute to improvement in functional outcome.
https://europepmc.org/article/med/26363093
Stroke Management Market size valued at USD 30.1 billion in 2019 and is expected to witness 6.3% CAGR from 2020 to 2026.
https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/stroke-management-market
BARTSDAD Nath said he was surprised to find almost all of the patients had abnormalities in the brain.
He said bright spots visible on their brain scans represented areas of inflammation. Dark spots represented bleeding in the brain, which Nath said was likely a result of blood vessels leaking.
https://kstp.com/coronavirus/new-study-shows-some-covid-19-patients-end-up-with-damage-to-brains-february-15-2021/6014166/
CAN VIP HELP??? Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are characterized by neuronal death in the brain. The mechanism of the neuronal death is too complicated to be fully understood, although in many NDDs, aging and neurotoxins are known risk factors. In the central and peripheral nervous system, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a 28-amino acid neuropeptide, is released to support neuronal survival in both physiological and pathological condition. VIP can inhibit the neurodegeneration induced by the loss of neurons. The indirect protection effect is mainly mediated by glial cells through the production of neurotrophic factor(s) and inhibition of proinflammatory mediators. By remolding the structure and improving the transfer efficiency of VIP, its nerve protective function could be further improved. Its neuroprotective action and efficacy in inhibiting a broad range of inflammatory responses make VIP or related peptides becoming a novel therapeutic method to NDDs. In this review, we aim to summarize the relationship between VIP and NDDs.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309491952_The_effects_of_vasoactive_intestinal_peptide_in_neurodegenerative_disorders
THE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH PROVED TO BE ELUSIVE — VIP IS REAL
A lower respiratory infection is an infection in your airways and lungs. It can be due to: influenza, or the flu, pneumonia, bronchitis,
tuberculosis
https://www.healthline.com/health/top-10-deadliest-diseases
Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic nerves are the predominant inhibitory nervous pathway in human airway smooth muscle, and there is evidence in animals that the major neurotransmitter of this system is vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). We have investigated the effect of VIP on bronchomotor tone and bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine in 6 atopic asthmatic subjects. The VIP was given by inhalation to avoid any indirect effects on the airways that might arise from the potent cardiovascular actions of this peptide when given systemically...
We conclude that VIP protects against histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in human airways in vivo, and therefore has the capacity to be the neurotransmitter of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory nerves in human airway smooth muscle.
https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/arrd.1984.130.2.162
WHY IS VIP ADMINISTERED DIRECTLY INTO THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM???
MORE ON A TREASURE TROVE OF SCIENCE
The deadliest disease in the world is coronary artery disease (CAD). Also called ischemic heart disease, CAD occurs when the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart become narrowed. Untreated CAD can lead to chest pain, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
https://www.healthline.com/health/top-10-deadliest-diseases
In research animals and in humans, VIP, administered into the coronary artery or intravenously, increases the epicardial coronary artery cross-sectional area, decreases coronary vascular resistance, and significantly increases coronary artery blood flow. High frequency parasympathetic (vagal) nerve stimulation also releases endogenous VIP in the coronary vessels and heart and significantly increases coronary artery blood flow. In addition, the release of VIP in the heart is increased during coronary artery occlusion and during reperfusion where VIP may promote local blood flow and may have a free-radical scavenging effect. VIP also has a primary positive inotropic effect on cardiac muscle that is enhanced by its ability to facilitate ventricular-vascular coupling by reducing mean arterial pressure by 10-15%. In concentrations of 10(-8)-10(-5) mol, VIP augments developed isometric force and increases atrial and ventricular contractility. The presence of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in and around the sinus and the atrioventricular nodes of mammals strongly suggests that this peptide can affect the heart rate. In this regard, endogenously released or exogenous VIP can significantly increase the heart rate and has a more potent effect on heart rate than does norepinephrine. The presence and significant cardiovascular effects of VIP in the heart suggests that this peptide is important in the regulation of coronary blood flow, cardiac contraction, and heart rate. Current investigations are defining the physiological role of VIP in the regulation of cardiovascular function.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11121793/
Cardiovascular Drugs Market to reach USD 63.96 Billion by 2026; Growing Need for Advanced and Effective Drugs to Propel Growth, says Fortune Business Insights
https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/11/26/1952618/0/en/Cardiovascular-Drugs-Market-to-reach-USD-63-96-Billion-by-2026-Growing-Need-for-Advanced-and-Effective-Drugs-to-Propel-Growth-says-Fortune-Business-Insights.html
A TREASURE TROVE OF SCIENCE
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disabling inflammatory, autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Despite intensive investigation, the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis remain unclear, and curative therapies are unavailable for MS. The current study describes a possible new strategy for the treatment of MS, based on the administration of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a well-known immunosuppressive neuropeptide. Treatment with VIP significantly reduced incidence and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), in a MS-related rodent model system. VIP suppressed EAE neuropathology by reducing central nervous system inflammation, including the regulation of a wide spectrum of inflammatory mediators, and by selectively blocking encephalitogenic T-cell reactivity. Importantly, VIP treatment was therapeutically effective in established EAE and prevented the recurrence of the disease. Consequently, VIP represents a novel multistep therapeutic approach for the future treatment of human MS.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1606545/
The global multiple sclerosis drugs market size was valued at USD 25.00 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 40.66 billion by 2027, exhibiting a CAGR of 7.1% during the forecast period.
https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/industry-reports/multiple-sclerosis-drugs-market-100386
AMAZING NEUROPEPTIDE
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are characterized by neuronal death in the brain. The mechanism of the neuronal death is too complicated to be fully understood, although in many NDDs, aging and neurotoxins are known risk factors. In the central and peripheral nervous system, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a 28-amino acid neuropeptide, is released to support neuronal survival in both physiological and pathological condition. VIP can inhibit the neurodegeneration induced by the loss of neurons. The indirect protection effect is mainly mediated by glial cells through the production of neurotrophic factor(s) and inhibition of proinflammatory mediators. By remolding the structure and improving the transfer efficiency of VIP, its nerve protective function could be further improved. Its neuroprotective action and efficacy in inhibiting a broad range of inflammatory responses make VIP or related peptides becoming a novel therapeutic method to NDDs. In this review, we aim to summarize the relationship between VIP and NDDs.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309491952_The_effects_of_vasoactive_intestinal_peptide_in_neurodegenerative_disorders
The global neurodegenerative disorder therapeutics market was worth $13.35 billion in 2019. It is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.12% and reach $18.23 billion by 2023.
https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/04/17/2017902/0/en/Neurodegenerative-Disorder-Therapeutics-Market-Global-Report-2020-to-2030-Understand-Customers-Based-on-the-Latest-Market-Research-Findings.html
DR JAVITT, IS THE NIH TESTING RLF-100 AGAINST THE FLU VIRUS???
• Relief Therapeutics signed a Cooperative Agreement with NIH’s Institute of Arthritis and Infectious Diseases to test RLF-100 against the flu virus and other viruses that attack the lungs.
BARTSDAD, for the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide test, normal values should be less than 70 pg/mL (20.7 pmol/L).
People with VIP-secreting tumors usually have values 3 to 10 times above the normal range.
Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples.
https://www.ucsfhealth.org/medical-tests/vasoactive-intestinal-peptide-test
DIABETES IS AMONG THE TOP 10 LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH IN THE USA, FOURTH CAUSE OF DEATHS IN THE WORLD!!! Because of its broad spectrum of biological functions such as acting as a potent anti-inflammatory factor through suppression of Th1 immune response, and induction of immune tolerance via regulatory T cells, VIP has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of many autoimmune diseases including diabetes.
https://jme.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/jme/49/3/R157.xml
CAN WE GET A PIECE OF THIS MARKET???
Global Diabetes Therapeutics Market was valued at $66,993 million in 2016, and is estimated to reach $186,842 million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 16.0% from 2017 to 2023.
https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/diabetes-therapeutics-market
Does anyone know the myocardial fibrosis therapeutics market size??? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
The report offers detailed coverage of Myocardial Fibrosis industry and main market trends. The market research includes historical and forecast market data, demand, application details, price trends, and company shares of the leading Myocardial Fibrosis by geography. The report splits the market size, by volume and value, on the basis of application type and geography.
The report forecast global Myocardial Fibrosis market to grow to reach xxx Million USD in 2020 with a CAGR of xx% during the period 2020-2025.
https://www.reportsinsights.com/industry-forecast/Myocardial-Fibrosis-Market-141284
BEYOND COVID -19 AND OTHER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASES, WHAT’S NEXT DR. JAVITT??? Cardiac fibrosis commonly refers to the excess deposition of extracellular matrix in the cardiac muscle, but the term may also refer to an abnormal thickening of the heart valves due to inappropriate proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_fibrosis
The concentration of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the heart has been shown to decrease as fibrosis (the pathology leading to heart failure) increases and to become undetectable in end stage cardiomyopathy.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31449808/
We conclude that VIP infusion increased myocardial VIP concentration and was able to reverse existing myocardial fibrosis suggesting a possible therapeutic role for a VIP based therapy in cardiac failure.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31449808/
CAN WE GET A PIECE OF THE ACTION IN THIS MARKET???
The global cystic fibrosis therapeutics market is expected to reach USD 13.9 billion by 2025, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc.
https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/global-cystic-fibrosis-cf-therapeutics-market
WILL WE HAVE ENOUGH VIP “ROCKET PROPELLANT” FOR OUR TIMELESS FLIGHT???
Thank you JerryWinvest, looking forward to a trillion dollar company as J-Belfort puts it >>>>>>>>>>>>>
VIP participates in maintaining immune tolerance in two distinct ways: by regulating the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, and by inducing the emergence of regulatory T cells with suppressive activity against autoreactive T cell effectors.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17934101/
The therapeutic effect of VIP was associated with downregulation of both inflammatory and autoimmune components of the disease. Our data indicate VIP as a viable candidate for the development of treatments for RA.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nm0501_563
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an antibody blood protein that's part of your immune system. Your body makes IgA and other type of antibodies to help fight off sickness. Having an IgA deficiency means that you have low levels of or no IgA in your blood.
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/immunoglobulin-a-deficiency
The body makes different antibodies, or immunoglobulins, to fight different things. For example, the antibody for chickenpox isn't the same as the antibody for mononucleosis. Sometimes, the body may even mistakenly make antibodies against itself, treating healthy organs and tissues like foreign invaders. This is called an autoimmune disease.
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-immunoglobulins.html
HOW DO VACCINES WORK???
A vaccine works by training the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens, either viruses or bacteria. To do this, certain molecules from the pathogen must be introduced into the body to trigger an immune response. These molecules are called antigens, and they are present on all viruses and bacteria.
https://www.publichealth.org/public-awareness/understanding-vaccines/vaccines-work/
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IG [Immuno Globulin] AND VACCINES? IG is a substance made up of antibodies that are naturally made by the body to provide protection from certain diseases. A vaccine is a substance made up of actual viruses or bacteria that stimulate the body to make more antibodies.
https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-immune-globulin-1760124
The addition of VIP was associated with a significant increase in the production of IgA, whereas IgG levels were significantly reduced. Both these effects were restricted to LPMC. LDA showed that the IgA-enhancing effect was associated with an increase in the number of IgA-producing precursor cells and with variation in the regulatory phenomena involved in IgA production.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8119526/
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a peptide produced by immune cells, exerts a wide spectrum of immunological functions that control the homeostasis of the immune system. In the last decade, VIP has been clearly identified as a potent anti-inflammatory factor, both in innate and adaptive immunity.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16312132/
COULD RLF TAKE A CHUNK OUT OF THE VACCINE MARKET???
The global vaccine market size accounted for $32,462 million in 2019, and is expected to reach $54,150 million by 2027, registering a CAGR of 6.6% from 2020 to 2027.
https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&hl=en-us&ei=yRscYKjJHM-B5wLv56TAAg&q=vaccine+market+size&oq=vaccine+market+size&gs_lcp=ChNtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1zZXJwEAMyAggAMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB46CggAELEDEIMBEEM6CAgAELEDEIMBOgQIABAeOgYIABAIEB46AggpOgUIIRCgAToECCkQRzoICAAQ6gIQjwE6BwguEEMQkwI6BAgAEEM6CwgAELEDEMcBEKMCOgUILhCxAzoFCAAQkQI6BAguEEM6CAgAELEDEJECOgcILhCxAxBDOggIABDHARCjAjoFCAAQsQM6BQgAEMkDUJokWNzYAWD13QFoAXAAeAGAAYsCiAGXKZIBBjAuMzEuM5gBAKABAbABHMABAQ&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-serp
DR. JAVITT WORDS OF WISDOM
“Drug companies at the time weren’t interested in a peptide that is produced naturally, so you can’t patent it,” Javitt said. “And while now it seems crucial, from the commercial viewpoint at the time, a drug that people only need for a few days isn’t lucrative to develop.”
Javitt knows a lot about public health policy because one of his professors chided him when he heard that the young medical student was going to India to help cure patients with glaucoma.
“All you’ll be doing is helping a blind beggar see,” the thoughtless man told Javitt.
Enraged, Javitt conducted a study that proved that restoring eyesight to Indian patients with the eye disease increased their family earnings by 1,500%. The patient, now able to see, was able to work – and the pressure on his family to care for him was lifted, helping the entire family advance in life.
The study triggered his life-long passion for public health policy. In the early 2000s, he helped shape the policy of the World Bank Group, which invested billions of dollars into medical infrastructure to treat blinding eye diseases.
https://m.jpost.com/health-science/neurorx-on-the-cusp-of-releasing-a-life-saving-covid-19-treatment-644470/amp
How crippling is COPD???
Peptides influence the passage of glucose, amino acids, and inorganic acids and may affect the integrity of the BBB. Peptide-BBB interactions have been suggested to play direct roles in dialysis dementia and maple syrup urine disease; they may be expected to be involved in other disorders of the CNS.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002962915365472
The VIP receptors are expressed in the brain. In time, the company will be conducting the pertinent studies. VIP a rabies antiviral???
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15282712/
Agree with most of what you’ve stated! I believe the inhaler drug, Zyesami (tm) (Said-Sami), is key although the IV Aviptadil has shown and I’m of the opinion will continue to demonstrate its effectiveness to treat other health conditions. Best
Can anyone draw a comparison between ICPT with one drug to treat liver fibrosis, and perhaps, RLFTF???...then one day ICPT rocketed to $400+ per share!
https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/RLFTF/company-people
Shares of New York-based Intercept—which has 45 employees and no products on the market—closed Thursday at $275.87 on the Nasdaq Stock Market, valuing the company at $5.3 billion. On Wednesday, the stock closed at $72.39 with a market capitalization of $1.4 billion. That's the largest one-day jump among Nasdaq Composite companies with market values of over $1 billion since at least 2012, according to FactSet Research Systems Inc. The drug, called obeticholic acid, or OCA, mimics a naturally occurring human bile acid that Intercept believes has liver-protective properties. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases sponsored a clinical trial of the drug in patients with a condition known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which involves fat accumulation in the liver that can cause inflammation and lead to the more serious conditions of cirrhosis and liver failure. The disease progresses over many years and often has no symptoms in the early stages. There are no specific therapies for the disease, which affects 2% to 5% of Americans, according to the National Institutes of Health. Instead, physicians often recommend patients lose weight if they are overweight, improve their diets, exercise, and avoid alcohol and unnecessary medications. source: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304347904579310212798133916
Cfoofme, ... About VIP in Lung Injury
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) was first characterized by the late Dr. Sami Said in the 1970s. Although first identified in the intestinal tract, VIP is now known to be manufactured throughout the body and to be heavily concentrated in the lungs. VIP has been shown in more than 100 peer-reviewed studies to have potent anti-inflammatory/anti-cytokine activity in animal models of respiratory distress, acute lung injury, and inflammation. VIP has a 20-year history of safe use in humans in multiple human trials for sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma/allergy, and pulmonary hypertension.
https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/relief-therapeutics-announces-filing-of-ind-for-phase-2-3-clinical-trial-of-inhaled-rlf-100-targeting-early-covid-19-lung-injury/
Best
The company’s current venue, the respiratory system. Dr. Jonathan C. Javitt MD, MPH mentioned new exciting projects (or bridge studies...???) at the time, in 3 - 6 months, or Feb - May. WHAT NEW PROJECTS??? COULD IT BE...??? There is mounting evidence that pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share important pathological features, including inflammation, smooth muscle contraction and remodeling. No existing drug provides the combined potential advantages of reducing vascular- and bronchial-constriction, and anti-inflammation. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is widely expressed throughout the cardiopulmonary system and exerts a variety of biological actions, including potent vascular and airway dilatory actions, potent anti-inflammatory actions, improving blood circulation to the heart and lung, and modulation of airway secretions. VIP has emerged as a promising drug candidate for the treatment of cardiopulmonary disorders such as PAH, asthma, and COPD. Clinical application of VIP has been limited in the past for a number of reasons, including its short plasma half-life and difficulty in administration routes. The development of long-acting VIP analogues, in combination with appropriate drug delivery systems, may provide clinically useful agents for the treatment of PAH, asthma, and COPD. This article reviews the physiological significance of VIP in cardiopulmonary system and the therapeutic potential of VIP-based agents in the treatment of pulmonary diseases. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3090995/ The COPD and asthma devices market size was estimated at $36.45 billion in 2019, and is anticipated to hit $51.62 billion by 2027, registering a CAGR of 4.3% from 2020 to 2027 https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/08/11/2076489/0/en/COPD-and-Asthma-Devices-Market-Size-to-Grow-51-62-Billion-By-2027-at-4-3-CAGR.html Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Market Worth $9.8 Billion By 2027 https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/global-pulmonary-arterial-hypertension-pah-market-size-report
Agree !! Two thumbs up !!
We conclude that VIP infusion reversed existing tubulointerstitial fibrosis suggesting a possible therapeutic role for a VIP based therapy in chronic kidney disease.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299920300716
Tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis, characterized as a progressive detrimental connective tissue deposition on the kidney parenchyma, appears to be a harmful process leading inevitably to renal function deterioration, independently of the primary renal disease which causes the original kidney injury.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776335/
Can VIP help reverse lung damage??? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Quote: They did both an echocardiogram and a CT Scan on her [Delinda] lungs. Heart looked good and the lungs looked amazing compared to how they looked a month ago. The right looked like a whole lung and about 70% of the top of the left was recognizable as a lung even to me. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Since Aviptadil has had such a pronounced effect on Delinda’s lungs, Dr. Youssef is in the process of asking the FDA for permission to administer it again in hopes of more improvement. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Myocardial fibrosis is defined by a significant increase in the collagen volume of myocardial tissue. It is a complex process that involves all components of the myocardial tissue and can be triggered by tissue injury from myocardial ischemia (hypoxia), inflammation, and hypertensive overload.
https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(16)30414-1/fulltext
We conclude that VIP infusion increased myocardial VIP concentration and was able to reverse existing myocardial fibrosis suggesting a possible therapeutic role for a VIP based therapy in cardiac failure.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31449808/
FDA is “not going to hold adverse events against anyone” – especially in cases where the treatment is administered to very sick patients who otherwise would not qualify for ongoing clinical trials, he emphasized. “You can never say never,” but “we understand that for many of these rare diseases,” patients are “close to death’s doorstep, and there will be adverse events.”
https://pink.pharmaintelligence.informa.com/PS124296/Expanded-Access-Data-Can-Support-Approval-Decisions-US-FDA-Says
Seamless phase 2/3 combination designs (or phase 2/3 designs) hold great promise to bring optimal treatment to patients early and more efficiently. The concept is to combine traditional phase 2 and phase 3 trials seamlessly in operation and inferentially in statistical analysis. As phase 2/3 designs cover a large area of clinical applications, it is not possible to provide comprehensive details for all different clinical applications in this article.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9780471462422.eoct353
Critical Path Initiative >>>>>>>>>>>
Calls for “New tools to get
fundamentally better answers about the safety and effectiveness of new products can be demonstrated,
—in faster time frames, —with more certainty, —and at lower costs”
Seamless Phase II/III designs offer great potential for achieving these objectives
https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/presentation/presentation-when-it-appropriate-combine-phases_en.pdf
phase II/III clinical trial >>>>>>>>>
A study that tests how well a new treatment works for a certain type of cancer or other disease and compares the new treatment with a standard treatment. Phase II/III clinical trials may also provide more information about the safety and side effects of the new treatment. Combining phases II and III may allow research questions to be answered more quickly or with fewer patients. Also called phase 2/phase 3 clinical trial.
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/phase-ii-iii-clinical-trial
The FDA usually requires a phase III clinical trial before approving a new medication. Due to the larger number of participants and longer duration or phase III, rare and long-term side effects are more likely to show up during this phase. >>>>>>
If investigators demonstrate that the medication is at least as safe and effective as others already on the market, the FDA will usually approve the medication. >>>>>>>
Roughly 25 to 30 percentTrusted Source of medic
https://www.healthline.com/health/clinical-trial-phases