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Seems that ARK.cn is not freely trading around .35
X
That's the plan
Lewrock, thx, I just recently found that out. Was interested what some other houses are charging and paying
Lewrock
What you are paid is the weighted average of all the short positions negotiated between short sellers and Schwab (for example). Because today’s rate is so much higher, what you are paid is going up almost every day.
yep, that's the spot rate, that's is not what they will giving the average customer,
doesn't work that way
speaking about a dated story,
this is an entirely different company
Question for the crew. Anyone lending their shares out ? What rate are they paying you?
Spot rate has spike in the last 3 weeks from about 10% to over 100%, currently around 75%
TD's paying rate has gone from about 7% to 34% last night
Maybe because IDCC no longer has any human resources ?
smells like some covering going on as they realize how much their carrying charges are increasing
no note on form 4 that they were part of a plan
never a good sign
1. Name and Address of Reporting Person *
Hakoranta Eeva K. 2. Issuer Name and Ticker or Trading Symbol
InterDigital, Inc. [ IDCC ] 5. Relationship of Reporting Person(s) to Issuer (Check all applicable)
_____ Director _____ 10% Owner
__X__ Officer (give title below) _____ Other (specify below)
Chief Licensing Officer
(Last) (First) (Middle)
200 BELLEVUE PARKWAY, SUITE 300 3. Date of Earliest Transaction (MM/DD/YYYY)
6/30/2022
(Street)
WILMINGTON, DE 19809
(City) (State) (Zip)
4. If Amendment, Date Original Filed (MM/DD/YYYY)
6. Individual or Joint/Group Filing (Check Applicable Line)
_X _ Form filed by One Reporting Person
___ Form filed by More than One Reporting Person
Table I - Non-Derivative Securities Acquired, Disposed of, or Beneficially Owned
1.Title of Security
(Instr. 3) 2. Trans. Date 2A. Deemed Execution Date, if any 3. Trans. Code
(Instr. 8) 4. Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed of (D)
(Instr. 3, 4 and 5) 5. Amount of Securities Beneficially Owned Following Reported Transaction(s)
(Instr. 3 and 4) 6. Ownership Form: Direct (D) or Indirect (I) (Instr. 4) 7. Nature of Indirect Beneficial Ownership (Instr. 4)
Code V Amount (A) or (D) Price
Common Stock 6/30/2022 S 1595 D $61.44 20608.4095 D
Table II - Derivative Securities Beneficially Owned (e.g., puts, calls, warrants, options, convertible securities)
1. Title of Derivate Security
(Instr. 3) 2. Conversion or Exercise Price of Derivative Security 3. Trans. Date 3A. Deemed Execution Date, if any 4. Trans. Code
(Instr. 8) 5. Number of Derivative Securities Acquired (A) or Disposed of (D)
(Instr. 3, 4 and 5) 6. Date Exercisable and Expiration Date 7. Title and Amount of Securities Underlying Derivative Security
(Instr. 3 and 4) 8. Price of Derivative Security
(Instr. 5) 9. Number of derivative Securities Beneficially Owned Following Reported Transaction(s) (Instr. 4) 10. Ownership Form of Derivative Security: Direct (D) or Indirect (I) (Instr. 4) 11. Nature of Indirect Beneficial Ownership (Instr. 4)
Code V (A) (D) Date Exercisable Expiration Date Title Amount or Number of Shares
Biden administration says it plans to cut nicotine in cigarettes
A new list of planned regulations shows the FDA is drafting a proposed requirement for minimal nicotine.
By Laurie McGinley
Updated June 21, 2022 at 5:09 p.m. EDT|Published June 21, 2022 at 10:55 a.m. EDT
The Biden administration's decision to pursue a policy to lower nicotine levels marks the first step in a lengthy process. (Eduardo Munoz/AFP/Getty Images)
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The Biden administration said Tuesday it plans to develop a proposed rule requiring tobacco companies to reduce nicotine levels in cigarettes sold in the United States to minimally or nonaddictive levels, an effort, that if successful, could have an unprecedented effect in slashing smoking-related deaths and threaten a politically powerful industry.
The initiative was included in the administration’s “unified agenda,” a compilation of planned federal regulatory actions released twice a year. The spring agenda was released Tuesday.
The administration said the FDA intends to develop a proposed tobacco product standard “that would establish a maximum nicotine level in cigarettes and certain finished tobacco products.”
Such a step, the administration said, would reduce addictiveness to certain tobacco products and give addicted users a greater ability to quit, and it would help prevent young people from becoming regular smokers.
“The proposed product standard is anticipated to benefit the population as a whole while also advancing health equity by addressing disparities associated with cigarette smoking, dependence, and cessation,” the administration said.
The policy would fit with a major goal of the White House — to cut cancer deaths. As part of the White House’s retooled cancer moonshot announced this year, President Biden promised to reduce cancer death rates by 50 percent over 25 years. About 480,000 Americans die of smoking-related causes each year, and tobacco use remains the No. 1 cause of preventable death in the United States.
The decision to pursue a policy to lower nicotine levels marks the first step in a lengthy process, and success is not assured. It could take at least a year for the Food and Drug Administration, which regulates cigarettes, to issue a proposed rule, experts say. After that, the FDA would have to sift through comments from the public before issuing a final rule.
Opposition could delay or derail the effort — especially if the regulation was not completed before Biden left office. A president elected in 2024 could tell the FDA to stop work on an unfinished rule. The tobacco industry, which is sure to be fiercely opposed to such a drastic change in its products, could challenge a final regulation in court.
The FDA has supported reducing nicotine levels in cigarettes for years but has never secured the necessary upper-level support, including from the Obama White House. The Trump administration’s first FDA commissioner, Scott Gottlieb, said he wanted to lower nicotine levels as part of a broader tobacco policy, and the agency took an early step in 2018 by publishing an information-gathering notice. The plan to move forward was listed on the Trump administration’s regulatory agenda.
But the idea never had full-throated White House backing, according to those familiar with the situation who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the matter. The effort was shelved after Gottlieb left the administration in spring 2019. Given the twists and turns of this issue, the Biden administration will be under pressure from advocates to indicate it is serious about getting a nicotine-lowering requirement across the finish line.
Supporters say slashing nicotine, the addictive ingredient in cigarettes, would be a milestone in public health that would save millions of lives over generations. In another significant move to reduce smoking-related deaths, the FDA in April proposed banning menthol cigarettes, the only flavored cigarettes still permitted.
The Wall Street Journal first reported that the administration was planning to pursue the nicotine-reduction policy.
Mitch Zeller, who recently retired as director of the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products and is a longtime advocate of reducing nicotine in cigarettes, acknowledged it could take years for such a requirement to take effect.
“The most important, game-changing policies take a long time, but it is worth the wait because, at the end of the day, the only cigarettes that will be available won’t be capable of addicting future generations of kids,” Zeller said.
Matthew L. Myers, president of the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, an antismoking group, said slashing nicotine levels “would produce the greatest drop in cancer rates and make the biggest difference” of any public health measure under discussion by the administration.
Guy Bentley, director of consumer freedom at the Reason Foundation, a libertarian think tank, criticized the plan.
“In practical terms, the proposal would ban most cigarettes currently sold in America,” Bentley said. “Combined with the Biden administration’s proposed ban on menthol cigarettes, this would amount to an effort similar to the prohibition of alcohol in the 1920s” — and would ultimately fail, he said.
Bentley said rather than cutting nicotine levels in cigarettes, the administration should promote safer alternatives such as e-cigarettes. The FDA is reviewing thousands of applications from e-cigarette manufacturers to determine which should be allowed to remain on the market.
In early 2021, the FDA pitched the nicotine-reduction strategy in talks on tobacco issues with the White House and the Department of Health and Human Services. At the time, the White House gave the FDA the go-ahead to pursue a policy banning menthol cigarettes, but senior officials put off a decision on reducing nicotine levels, according to people familiar with the issue who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss internal deliberations.
Backers say the idea is a natural fit with the White House cancer moonshot because it would slash cancer deaths and does not require a big outlay of government money given that the FDA has been working on the issue for years.
“There’s a long arc to major policymaking, and the Biden administration’s commitment to advance that effort will mean it gets done,” Gottlieb, the former FDA commissioner, said. The combination of reduced nicotine levels and appropriate regulation of other sources of nicotine for addicted adult smokers, such as e-cigarettes, could be “one of the most impactful public health efforts in modern times,” he said.
A push to make cigarettes less addictive aims to drastically reduce deaths linked to smoking. (Justin Tallis/AFP/Getty Images)
Nicotine, a chemical that occurs naturally in the tobacco plant, does not cause cancer. But its highly addictive properties make it hard for people to quit using cigarettes, whose smoke contains harmful constituents that can cause lung cancer and heart disease.
Myers, of the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, predicted an FDA requirement to slash nicotine in cigarettes would trigger “the greatest reaction from the tobacco industry of any action ever taken by the government. It is an existential threat despite claims [by cigarette companies] that they support a smoke-free future.”
The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act gave the FDA the authority to regulate cigarettes, including cutting nicotine to minimally and nonaddictive levels. Under the law, the FDA may not ban cigarettes or reduce nicotine levels to zero. But it is permitted to set product standards that dictate components, ingredients, additives and nicotine yields for cigarettes, if those standards are needed to protect the public health.
Reynolds American, one of the nation’s biggest tobacco companies, did not respond immediately to requests for comment. Altria said it would comment after the administration announces any nicotine-reduction plans.
In the past, Altria has said that, if limits are put on nicotine levels in cigarettes, the FDA must ensure that adult smokers have greater access to noncombustible alternatives and accurate information about switching to them. The company also has argued that reducing nicotine in cigarettes would be devastating for tobacco retailers, endangering hundreds of thousands of jobs.
Other opponents of such a policy will probably argue, as they have in the past, that reducing nicotine to nonaddictive levels is a de facto ban on cigarettes, prohibited by law, and that science does not support such a move. They also are likely to say that slashing nicotine would boost demand for products on the black market.
Zeller countered that the science supporting slashing nicotine levels is well-established. He said researchers have determined the levels at which nicotine is minimally addictive or nonaddictive. And he said they also have concluded that reducing nicotine should occur in “one fell swoop” because a gradual decrease would encourage smokers to smoke more to compensate to get the same amount of nicotine.
In its 2018 notice, the FDA said lowering nicotine levels to minimally or nonaddictive levels “could give addicted users the choice and ability to quit more easily, and it could help to prevent experimenters (mainly youth) from initiating regular use and becoming regular smokers.”
An agency-funded study published in 2018 in the New England Journal of Medicine found that lowering nicotine levels could save more than 8 million lives by the end of the century. The number probably is a little lower now because the percentage of adult smokers has declined in recent years from the 15 percent rate used in the study to about 12 to 13 percent.
Craig-Hallum Initiates Coverage On 22nd Century Group with Buy Rating, Announces Price Target of $5
8:25 am ET June 15, 2022 (Benzinga) Print
Craig-Hallum analyst Alex Fuhrman initiates coverage on 22nd Century Group (NASDAQ:XXII) with a Buy rating and announces Price Target of $5.
That sounds like a personal problem, call their compliance office and/or the SEC
===============================================================
XenaLives
Member Level
Tuesday, June 14, 2022 12:57:21 PM
Re: Paullee post# 104884
Post#
104897
of 104932
Interactive brokers did - They were from a cert and they claimed the shares weren't legally clear... even when Continental's transfer agent called them and told them they were.
they can't stop you from trading them, even if they are lent out
Lenova is suing IDCC about frand. one trial
IDCC is suing Lenova for patent infringement.
2 separate cases as I understand it
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE INTERDIGITAL TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, IPR LICENSING, INC., INTERDIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS, INC., INTERDIGITAL HOLDINGS, INC., and INTERDIGITAL, INC., Plaintiffs, ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) C.A. No. 19-1590 (JDW) CONSOLIDATED V. LENOVO HOLDING COMPANY, INC., LENOVO (UNITED STATES) INC. and MOTOROLA MOBILITY LLC, Defendants
10-Day Jury Trial March 6, 2023
May have been Lebby's best presentation. He is getting better
yes, they solved sound issue
The Future of Communication Technology: Dr Michael Lebby On How His Technological Innovation Will Shake Up How We Connect and Communicate With Each Other
https://medium.com/authority-magazine/the-future-of-communication-technology-dr-michael-lebby-on-how-his-technological-innovation-will-728f2d2f7392
thx for the chuckle
new shot on goal today
Dawson James raises target to 8.50
InterDigital Can't Appeal Invalidation Of UK Wireless Patent
By Lucia Osborne-Crowley · Listen to article
Law360, London (April 29, 2022, 1:34 PM BST) -- A judge refused on Friday to allow InterDigital to appeal a decision invalidating one of its wireless technology patents, repeating his earlier conclusion that it lacks novelty.
Judge James Mellor ruled in favor of Chinese tech giant Lenovo at the High Court, denying InterDigital permission to appeal his earlier ruling that one of the U.S. research and development company's standard-essential patents for 3G wireless technology should be thrown out because it does not include a new invention.
The patent covers the way data blocks of specified sizes are transmitted by mobile phones.
"The problem comes with the width with which the patentee attempted to claim the invention," Judge Mellor ruled. None of InterDigital's grounds of appeal effectively dealt with this issue, he said.
"I am unpersuaded that there is any real possibility of success," he added.
Judge Mellor ruled in January that one aspect of the patent was anticipated by prior art, rendering it invalid. A 2005 invention known as Filiatrault, which aims to improve the performance of 3G mobile transmissions to reduce delays, shares similarities with the purported invention, he added.
A mobile phone operating according to the approach outlined in Filiatrault achieves the same result as claimed in the patent at least part of the time, depending on factors such as the size of the data blocks that have to be transmitted, the judge found.
Declaring the patent invalid, Judge Mellor also tossed out InterDigital's attempt to sue Lenovo for infringing it.
InterDigital and Lenovo have been in talks since 2009 to license the U.S. company's patent portfolio covering 3G and 4G standards with no success, according to the July decision in the first trial.
The High Court ruled in July that Lenovo had infringed a valid standard-essential patent for 4G wireless technology.
The portfolio at issue includes patents granted in other countries along with the U.K., including China and the U.S.
The dispute is determining FRAND – fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory – licensing terms for telecommunications patents. It follows a landmark decision by the U.K. Supreme Court in 2020 that England's courts have the authority to set global rates for use of standard-essential patents.
The patent-in-suit is European (UK) Patent No. 3,355,537.
Lenovo is represented by James Abrahams QC and William Duncan of 8 New Square and Kyra Nezami of 11 South Square, instructed by Kirkland and Ellis International LLP.
InterDigital is represented by Adrian Speck QC, Mark Chacksfield QC and Edmund Eustace of 8 New Square, instructed by Gowling WLG (UK) LLP.
The case is InterDigital Technology Corp. and others v. Lenovo Group Ltd. and others, case number HP-2019-000032, in the High Court of Justice of England and Wales.
–Additional reporting by Silvia Martelli, Tiffany Hu and Bonnie Eslinger. Editing by Joe Millis.
Article in Washington Post says if the FDA rules to ban, it could take 2 years to implement because of appeals
InterDigital Technology Corporation et al v. Lenovo Holding Co. Inc. et al
Case Number:
1:19-cv-01590
Dockets
April 26, 2022 00:00
Stipulation and Order
Document: 183
STIPULATION AND ORDER to Sever and Stay Proceedings regarding U.S. Patent No. 8.199.726. Signed by Judge Joshua D. Wolson on 4/26/2022. (nmg)
April 25, 2022 00:00
Stipulation-General (See Motion List for Stipulation to Extend Time)
Document: 182
Joint STIPULATION and [Proposed] Order to Sever and Stay Proceedings Regarding U.S. Patent No. 8,199,726 by IPR Licensing, Inc., InterDigital Communications, Inc., InterDigital Holdings, Inc., InterDigital Technology Corporation, InterDigital, Inc.. (Ormerod, Eve)
April 11, 2022 00:00
Scheduling Order - Patent
Document: 181
AMENDED SCHEDULING ORDER: Opening Expert Reports due by 6/10/2022. Rebuttal Expert Reports due by 7/11/2022. Expert Discovery due by 8/26/2022. Dispositive Motions due by 9/9/2022. Answering Brief due 9/30/2022. Reply Brief due 10/14/2022. An Oral Argument is set for 11/22/2022 at 10:00 AM in Courtroom 3B, 601 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA before Judge Joshua D. Wolson. Signed by Judge Joshua D. Wolson on 4/11/2022. (nmg)
April 07, 2022 00:00
Notice to Take Deposition
Document: 180
NOTICE to Take Deposition of Klaus Mustabelli on April 19, 2022, at 9:30 a.m. filed by IPR Licensing, Inc., InterDigital Communications, Inc., InterDigital Holdings, Inc., InterDigital Technology Corporation, InterDigital, Inc..(Belgam, Neal)
April 06, 2022 00:00
Case No Longer Referred to Mediation - Magistrate Judge only
CASE NO LONGER REFERRED to Magistrate Judge Hall for the purpose of exploring ADR. Please see the Court's Standing Order No. 2022-2 dated March 14, 2022. (ceg)
nothing i can see
Minn. Justices To Review PolyMet Water Permit Process
By Clark Mindock · Listen to article
Law360 (April 20, 2022, 2:23 PM EDT) -- The Minnesota Supreme Court will consider whether an appeals court inappropriately dodged providing relief after state agencies sanitized public records during reviews for a proposed copper-nickel mine, following several complaints the omissions constituted grave procedural concerns.
The court said Tuesday that it would consider whether the state court of appeals inappropriately backed the process undertaken by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency's before approving Clean Water Act and state discharge permits for the mine. Environmental groups had complained that, while the federal permit was partly struck down and that was a positive step, the appeals court should've gone further to hold the agency accountable for hiding U.S. Environmental Protection Agency comments from the public.
The challengers — including environmental groups and the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa — had said that hiding EPA comments before giving developer PolyMet Mining Inc. the green light to break ground constituted a violation of basic administrative procedural principles.
"Minnesotans were shocked to learn that our state agencies suppressed EPA employees' concerns about the water pollution permit issued to PolyMet and kept them out of the public record," Kathryn Hoffman, the CEO of challenger group Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy, said in a statement. "At the Minnesota Supreme Court, MCEA will make the case that these violations of Minnesota law and rules resulted in a fatally flawed permit that doesn't protect our water or the people downstream."
The petition for review was launched by the groups after the Minnesota Court of Appeal remanded the petition to the MPCA, instructing the agency to take a better look at whether discharges from the mine that might travel through groundwater to navigable waters should be subject to further permitting. In making that decision, however, the court rejected complaints from the groups that the agency had actively encouraged the EPA to call in comments regarding the permits, which were kept from the public record and only disclosed during litigation.
According to the appeal filed by the challengers in February, the groups initially thought it odd that the EPA hadn't submitted public comments during the permit review process, but that information later revealed the agency had been urged to call in those comments. The challengers said that the MPCA took notes about EPA's concerns that were relayed over the telephone, but those comments were omitted from the public record. Still, the Court of Appeals found that, since the information was eventually revealed and made available, that there was no judicial remedy for the courts to provide.
The MCEA and PolyMet didn't immediately respond to requests for comment Wednesday.
The ongoing dispute is one of several playing out in relation to the proposed copper, nickel and platinum mine, including a federal case in which environmental groups have sued the U.S Forest Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for issuing permits that failed to abide by the Endangered Species Act and the Administrative Procedure Act. They said specifically in January that the approvals failed to take into account impacts on threatened species like the Canada lynx and the northern long-eared bat, and their habitat.
Air quality permits for the mine have also been challenged in state court, with challengers arguing that the MPCA in that instance failed to disclose the potential for mine expansion. The MPCA had responded that it didn't mislead anyone about that fact.
The environmental groups are represented by Elise L. Larson, Ann E. Cohen, Evan J. Mulholland and Jay Eidsness of the Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy and Evan A. Nelson, Margo S. Brownell, and William Z. Pentelovitch ofMaslon LLP. WaterLegacy is represented by Paula G. Maccabee of Just Change Law Offices.
Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is represented in-house by Sean W. Copeland of its legal affairs office and by Matthew L. Murdock ofSonosky Chambers Sachse Mielke & Brownell LLP.
MPCA is represented by Keith Ellison of theMinnesota Attorney General's Officealong with its own Adonis A. Neblett, and by Emily C. Schilling, Richard Schwartz, Bryson Smith and Sarah Koniewicz ofHolland & Hart LLP.
PolyMet is represented by Monte A. Mills, Aaron P. Knoll and Davida S. McGhee ofGreene Espel PLLPand Jay C. Johnson ofVenable LLP.
The consolidated case is In the Matter of the Denial of Contested Case Hearing Requests and Issuance of National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System/State Disposal System Permit No MN0071013 for the Proposed NorthMet Project, lead case number A19-0112, in the Minnesota Supreme Court.
--Editing by Alex Hubbard.
X9
any thought what happens to bitcoin mining when LWLG gets on the market ?
Borrow rate now under 7%
Paul
Starting May 3, the US Army Corps of Engineers will host three days of hybrid in-person and virtual public hearings to discuss our NorthMet Project’s potential downstream impacts – specifically on the Fond du Lac Reservation, more than 110 river miles downstream.
As you may be aware, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) has already awarded our project a 401 Water Quality Certification after concluding our project will have no downstream impacts. This certification helped inform the Corps of Engineers’ decision to award a 404 Wetlands Permit.
Our supporters at Better in Our Backyard, Mining Minnesota and Jobs for Minnesotans are organizing an effort to encourage participation during the virtual hearings.
On the last day of the hearing, Thursday, May 5, from 4-9 p.m., the Corps is seeking public input via a call-in line. Please consider speaking at the hearing to add your voice in support of PolyMet.
Find more information on the hearing and how you can participate here: https://betterinourbackyard.com/public-hearing/
Thank you for supporting our project!
Just hit the circle K stores yesterday, selling like other premium cigs at the low price of $13/ pack. Reports I'm getting back are they taste like other cigs
Maybe he should buy a 1,000 shares a day for the next month
he is sending a signal, I have nothing to announce currently, but hang in there
they have a product to sell
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/first-cigarette-helps-smoke-less-120000424.html
sounds like another buying op
Cramer today on AMD doubling down on data centers
‘Doubling down’ on data center
AMD’s largest revenue segment remains computing and graphics. But the chip designer is also seeing significant growth in the data center processor market. Revenue in that category doubled in 2021 from the prior year.
Acquiring privately held Pensando is all about “doubling down on the data center,” Su told Jim Cramer.
Combined with AMD’s other offerings, Su added that this is a “fantastic portfolio for the most important customers and the most important workloads in the world.”
Founded in 2017 by a team of former executives from Cisco Systems (CSCO), also a Club name, Pensando makes a processor chip and related software that allows customers to operate their servers more efficiently and better tailored to their specific data needs. Roughly two years later, Pensando brought its product to market.
Pensando’s products are already being used by blue-chip companies such as Goldman Sachs (GS), Microsoft’s (MSFT) cloud division Azure and Oracle Cloud. Microsoft is also a Club holding.
Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) was an early investor and customer.
The venture arm of Club holding Qualcomm (QCOM) strategically invested in Pensando in 2020, focusing on expanding around 5G.
AMD CEO Lisa Su breaks down acquisition of cloud startup Pensando for $1.9 billion
“What we see is there’s a continuing need for more compute,” Su told CNBC. “High-performance compute is the fastest growing, the most exciting part of the industry, and we have all the components for it. Of course, we love our traditional PC and gaming markets, but the data center is the most strategic area.”
Remember: Data center is a highly competitive area right now for semiconductor firms, but some on Wall Street see AMD taking market share there at the expense of Intel.
It’s one reason why widely respected chip analyst Stacy Rasgon in February upgraded AMD to a buy for the first time in a decade.
Update on PC and gaming
Microsoft's Xbox Series S (L) and Xbox Series X consoles.
Microsoft’s Xbox Series S (L) and Xbox Series X consoles.
Phil Barker | Future Publishing | Future via Getty Images
PC and gaming is still an important part of AMD’s business even if other segments — such as data center — are growing faster.
However, there’s been some questions about what demand for PC and gaming chips will look like this year and beyond after the Covid pandemic caused a sizable uptick. How durable will that be?
For PCs, in particular, Su said it’s all about where you look.
“There are hundreds of millions of PCs being sold. What you’re really seeing is it depends on which segment you’re in. There are some areas where you see softness. For example, education and consumer because you’re coming off just record highs in 2021,” she said.
By contrast, Su said consumers continue to invest in higher-performing computers, like those used for enterprise and gaming, and premium offerings.
“In premium, we’ve gained revenue share for the last eight quarters and in this market environment, I believe we’re going to continue to gain revenue share,” Su said, meaning that even if the overall category stays relatively flat in sales, AMD expects to receive a bigger piece of that pie.
AMD’s graphic chips are used in Microsoft’s Xbox consoles, as well as Sony’s PlayStations. Su painted a favorable picture of that category, noting AMD and its partners are working to ramp up supply to meet strong demand.
“From everything we see, it’s a very strong gaming cycle here this year and into ’23 and beyond, and the key is, there’s just more gamers out there,” she sai
Since there are now more people here interested in LWLG than IDCC I thought I would post this
Q&A: Electro-optic polymers herald a new age of ultra-fast communication
By
Dr. Tim Sandle Published April 1, 2022 © Jonathan Nackstrand, AFP
To foster in a new generation of high-speed communication, the main challenge is with the steps to transform electronic signals into optical signals rapidly. One company has recently made significant progress in this field.
The company is Lightwave Logic and it develops electro-optic polymers allowing more data to be transmitted at significantly higher speeds and with less power than existing solutions. Such technology is key to future developments within the digital data arena.
Digital Journal caught up with Dr. Michael Lebby, CEO of Lightwave Logic.
Digital Journal: Can you provide a brief background on Lightwave Logic?
Michael Lebby: Lightwave Logic, Inc. (NASDAQ: LWLG) is developing a platform leveraging its proprietary engineered electro-optic (EO) polymers to transmit data at higher speeds with less power. The Company’s high-activity and high-stability organic polymers allow Lightwave Logic to create next-generation photonic EO devices, which convert data from electrical signals into optical signals, for applications in data communications and telecommunications markets.
Lightwave Logic is a public company with unique specialty in organic materials, and especially those that have electro-optical properties. Over the past decade, we have matured our proprietary chromophores and organic polymers for applications in fiber optic communications, and now we are looking at using our polymers in Automotive LIDAR, sensing, medical, display and other consumer based products.
DJ: Why is the need for your proprietary electro-optic polymers more important now than ever?
Lebby: In today’s Internet, the issue of reducing power consumption in data centers, and optical networks has become a huge topic of discussion in the industry as well as at major technical optical communication conferences. High speed, low power optical switches called modulators are seen to be an enabling technology that can help mitigate power consumption in across the equipment that is used in the Internet or optical network.
Imagine if the speed of data passing through the Internet doubled. What would it do for your bandwidth availability at home if it tripled? These are the basic tenants of providing more data through the Internet. It would allow faster downloads, faster uploads, and you’ll be able to run many video windows throughout your home – and not worry about turning the camera off as bandwidth is limited. Wouldn’t that be great?
So what is the Internet? The best way to visualize the Internet is to think of it as a network of fiber optic cables that have architectures all over the country, and under the oceans for international communication, too. These cables carry digital signals that contain the information when we as users want to access websites or want to email or video call our families. The digital signals are simply 1’s and 0’s that are encoded to carry our information as we access websites and communicate with our loved ones.
So why Lightwave Logic, and what do we have to offer with respect to the Internet? We have technology that increases the data flow 2 or 3 times the rate today and at significantly lower power consumption. This simply means that everyone can access higher bandwidths and be able to keep our cameras on when we are not only one video call, but many throughout our home. It also means that the big switching centers for our data – buildings that are called data centers – consume less power. For industry, corporations, and manufacturing, higher data rates allow easier access to higher quality data flow, which in turn permits a higher quality of information – and more efficient product development. For those corporations with data centers – lowering power consumption has been a key mantra for their designs over the past decade, and for the next decade.
Lightwave Logic makes optical switching devices that permit the Internet to run faster. A simple way to see the impact is to imagine that the Internet is similar to the vehicle road system – the freeways, the toll roads, the motorways, the autobahns. If we use this analogy, then we can easily see speed limits perhaps in the 50-75MPH range depending on country and local laws. How much has the speed of these roads changed in the last 20-30years? Not much. It would seem that we have reached a saturation point even though cars have improved in design and performance.
So what have we done to the road system to carry more traffic? We clearly can’t go faster, presumably due to safety issues, so we have added more traffic lanes. In major cities such as Los Angeles, Chicago and New York, freeways and toll roads with 4 or 5 lanes in each direction are not uncommon. Unfortunately, we still have traffic jams, and the road system clogs. If we now consider the Internet, we have emulated the freeway system, and have sort of done the same thing – we’ve added optical channels to increase data flow – a bit like adding traffic lanes. In fact, in optical network architectures, we’ve done more – we’ve increased the symbol rate of each digital signal so that more information can be carried in a digital data cycle.
Instead of a simple castellated square wave of 1’s and 0’s (think of a castle wall profile), we now have complex staircases that indeed allow more data per digital data cycle. So, what does this look like from a freeway/toll road perspective? Funny enough, it’s like stacking cars on top of each other, moving down the freeway at say 60MPH. It’s called more information per bit – more information per optical digital bit or digital data cycle. Can you imagine 4 or 5 cars stacked on top of each other going down the freeway? It’s absurd, however, this is effectively what our optical network and Internet industry have implemented. The question is, why did they do that? It’s because the optical devices in the Internet are limited in speed. They can’t go faster in freeway terms than say 75MPH – a bit like cars not being allowed to speed. The industry is acutely aware of this issue and decided not to design faster optical switching devices, but focused on how to increase the techniques in encoded data as it passes through the fiber optics – more information per bit.
While this innovation has worked for the past decade, it is quickly running out of steam. Today, the demands for higher data rates and bandwidth for the Internet are forcing the architects and optical network planners to re-think their strategy. They are being pushed into figuring out how to increase the optical device speed as opposed to encoding more complicated schemes to increase the information per bit (because the more complex the encoding, the more electronics is needed, and the higher the power consumption. Something that they desperately want to avoid. This is where Lightwave Logic has the impact – we have optical modulator devices that switch light 2-3X faster than existing optical devices, and what’s more, at significantly lower power consumption to relieve the network architects of expensive and power hungry electronic integrated circuits.
DJ: You recently announced breakthrough photostability results for use in ultra-high-speed electro-optic polymers. Can you expand on the significance of this announcement?
Lebby: In order to have polymer modulators ubiquitous across the industry, we need to be able to not only scale our polymers in volume, but show stability and reliability in the polymer materials. It’s rather like the Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) industry, and how this industry matured over the past decade. We use OLEDs for mobile phone displays, TVs, computer monitors and more today. OLEDs are polymer-based LEDs, and they have replaced Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) for TVs and other consumer products significantly recently. Our Lightwave polymers are different, but they are still polymers. Do we question the reliability and stability of OLEDs today? We don’t, however when they were being developed in the 1990s, many folks did. If OLEDs can be ubiquitous and everywhere in consumer products, then our electro-optic polymers can also. This is why we put our recent press releases on the stability of our polymer material. It is an important step towards large volume scalable manufacturing that will enable electro-optical polymers to be used everywhere in the Internet as well as other market applications.
The good news is that like OLED polymers which are chemically different (they send out light in red, green, and blue while our electro-optic polymers switch light very very quickly), means that Lightwave Logics’ polymer technology is ready to enable lower power consumption significantly for the operators of the Internet.
DJ: What were the main technological challenges you faced?
Lebby: The main technological challenges faced over the past few years has been the performance and acceptance of the electro-optic polymers. We have increased performance significantly over the past 3-5 years to the point now where our electro-optic polymers are not only meeting the specifications of modulator performance used on the Internet but in fact, surpassing the performance needed to both increase data speed, and lower power consumptions today. Furthermore, polymers are a new material for modulators, and as such are having to working through similar acceptance issues just like OLEDs a decade ago. The good news is that in today’s world, polymer-ased technologies are readily accepted, and demonstrated to be both reliable, stable with good lifetimes. Our electro-optic polymers are no different and we expect them to be utilized everywhere starting with the Internet.
DJ: What are some of the biggest trends you are seeing in your industry?
Lebby: The two biggest trends today are being driven by the big data center and telecommunications Internet and optical network operators. These groups are struggling with keeping their power consumption in check. In fact, many are trawling the technology conferences around the world looking for technologies that will not only allow data to be increased so that we see increased bandwidth and home and work, but ways and approaches to bring down power consumption.
Some market researchers are predicting that communications technology, and that which relates to the Internet may consume by 2030 over 20% of the Nations power electrical grid. While this is still far out, and may have a large variance, nevertheless, it is a huge number than needs to be addressed today. A second big trend that is driving the Internet to be more useful is the appetite for video streaming that has accelerated over the past 2-3 years, and especially so during the pandemic. Our appetite as consumers for video traffic is not going away, and in fact, it’s accelerating quickly! Both of these trends point towards the use of electro-optic polymers to both reduce power consumption and increase speed of data flow.
DJ: Where do you see electro-optic polymer technology evolving over the next decade?
Lebby: Over the next decade, the Internet will reduce in power consumption thanks to technologies such as electro-optic polymers, but will also be faster in that higher bandwidth will be available to consumers and users for platforms that utilize video streaming and related digital media content. While only a few of us can boast 1Gbps data rates to the home, or a few Gbps data rates to the office, in a decade we will all have access to a more efficient, higher performing Internet. This will allow us all to increase our quality of life, and make better use of a utility that will give us not only email, texts, TV, shopping, working from home, but a full collection of digital medial opportunities that we can only dream of today.
Wow – why did this not happen before? Mostly because Lightwave Logic was developing a novel innovative technology platform based on organic electro-optic polymers. We are now in the position with our technology platform in organic electro-optic polymers to change the quality of consumers lives through faster data flow in the Internet. Just imagine!
WRITTEN BYDr. Tim Sandle
Dr. Tim Sandle is Digital Journal's Editor-at-Large for science news. Tim specializes in science, technology, environmental, and health journalism. He is additionally a practising microbiologist; and an author. He is also interested in history, politics and current affairs.
https://www.digitaljournal.com/tech-science/qa-electro-optic-polymers-herald-a-new-age-of-ultra-fast-communication/article?fr=operanews