Register for free to join our community of investors and share your ideas. You will also get access to streaming quotes, interactive charts, trades, portfolio, live options flow and more tools.
Register for free to join our community of investors and share your ideas. You will also get access to streaming quotes, interactive charts, trades, portfolio, live options flow and more tools.
Yukos oil fugitives find safe haven in the promised land -
By Harvey Morris
Published: Financial Times, March 22 2005 02:00 | Last updated: March 22 2005 02:00
For the Russian government, they are allegedly dangerous criminals who have made off with billions in unpaidtaxes
and are wanted on charges that range from
embezzlement to murder.
For Israel, they are potential valued investors in
the country's slowly reviving economy.
Two of Israel's normally publicity-shy Russian "oligarchs"
this week surfaced to announce their first investment in
Israel since they sought refuge there 18 months ago in
the wake of the debacle over Yukos,
the Russian oil company.
http://globalfire.tv/nj/05en/jews/safehaven.htm
China mulls energy reserves spend -
Yuan banknotes -
China has the money to secure future energy reserves
China has signalled that it could use its vast -
foreign exchange reserves to bolster its strategic -
energy resources -
Fyi.
the need fuel for 600 new warships built 2006? -
Fys. make sure not to much fuel before the next war!!!
Vice-Premier Zeng Peiyan said China needed to speed up
the hunt for fresh oil and natural gas supplies.
China's foreign exchange reserves are the world's
largest at more than $1 trillion (£511bn), supported
by the country's strong global exports.
China is keen to secure future reserves of oil, coal
and other raw materials needed to fuel
its booming economy.
Earlier this year, Beijing hosted a summit of African
leaders, at which access to Africa's natural resources
was discussed in return for Chinese investment in
Africa's roads and railways ...
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6211513.stm
China mulls energy reserves spend -
Yuan banknotes -
China has the money to secure future energy reserves
China has signalled that it could use its vast -
foreign exchange reserves to bolster its strategic -
energy resources -
Fyi.
the need for 600 new warships built 2006? -
Fys. make sure no fuel for the nxt war!!!
Vice-Premier Zeng Peiyan said China needed to speed up
the hunt for fresh oil and natural gas supplies.
China's foreign exchange reserves are the world's
largest at more than $1 trillion (£511bn), supported
by the country's strong global exports.
China is keen to secure future reserves of oil, coal
and other raw materials needed to fuel
its booming economy.
Earlier this year, Beijing hosted a summit of African
leaders, at which access to Africa's natural resources
was discussed in return for Chinese investment in
Africa's roads and railways ...
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6211513.stm
Spy widow points finger at Russia -
Marina Litvinenko
Mrs Litvinenko said her husband had been a
"very good friend"
The widow of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko
has said she believes the Russian authorities could
have been behind his murder.
Marina Litvinenko, 44, told the Mail on Sunday:
"Obviously it was not Putin himself, of course not."
But she said what President Putin
"does around him in Russia makes it possible to kill
a British person" in Britain.
Two Metropolitan Police officers have tested positive
for traces of radioactive substance polonium-210.
Mrs Litvinenko said she had confidence UK police
would find her husband's killer, but would not
help Russia's planned probe.
She told the Mail on Sunday Russian authorities
had not yet been in touch with her.
We were both completely sure he would recover
Marina Litvinenko
"I do not think I will help them with their
investigations," she said.
"I can't believe that they will tell the truth.
I can't believe if they ask about evidence they
will use it in the proper way."
Mr Litvinenko died in a London hospital on 23 November
after being poisoned by polonum-210.
The Metropolitan Police said two of the 26 police
officers closely involved in the subsequent inquiry
had tested positive for traces of the substance.
It said the polonium traces were "relatively small"
and were "below defined safety limits".
Both officers are being monitored by health
specialists.
Alexander Litvinenko
Mr Litvinenko's widow said he had alienated the FSB
Mrs Litvinenko also told the Mail on Sunday her husband's
last words to her were: "Marina, I love you so much."
She also said she and "Sasha", as her husband was known
to family and friends, had been convinced
he would recover.
"Even until the last day, and the day before when he
became unconscious, I thought he would be okay...
"We had been talking about bone-marrow transplants
and looking to the future."
Mrs Litvinenko said the couple's 12-year-old son had
found his father's death "very difficult", but he
had been trying to comfort his mother.
Friends of Mr Litvinenko believe he was poisoned
because of his criticisms of the Russian government,
but the Kremlin has dismissed suggestions it was
involved in any way.
After Mr Litvinenko's death Kremlin spokesman
Dmitry Peskov said: "We don't consider it possible to
comment on the statements accusing the Kremlin because
it is nothing but sheer nonsense."
Russia's foreign intelligence service has also issued
a statement denying any involvement.
Mrs Litvinenko told the Sunday Times she had decided
to speak out after some "completely untrue" reports
suggested her husband was a man of dubious character.
She told the paper he had been an honest man and a
crime fighter rather than a spy.
She said her husband's public claims about his former
employers at the FSB, Russia's secret police, had
alienated them.
'Targets'
Speaking on BBC One's Breakfast AM, Vladimir Bukovsky,
a Soviet dissident and a close friend of
Mr Litvinenko's, said it was "clear" the Russian
authorities were behind the poisoning.
He said a law had been passed in Russia earlier this
year enabling the president "to eliminate his
particular enemies anywhere, including outside of
Russian territory".
Mr Bukovsky said the definition of "enemies" included
anyone engaged in libellous criticism of
the Russian administration.
He added: "Right as the law was passed the number two
in the Kremlin hierarchy the Minister of Defence
Sergei Ivanov made a statement saying that the
list of potential targets was already composed.
"Now what else do you need? Then followed the murder
of Anna Politkovskaya and Alexander Litvinenko
and there will be others to follow."
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6165913.stm
Spy widow points finger at Russia -
Marina Litvinenko
Mrs Litvinenko said her husband had been a
"very good friend"
The widow of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko
has said she believes the Russian authorities could
have been behind his murder.
Marina Litvinenko, 44, told the Mail on Sunday:
"Obviously it was not Putin himself, of course not."
But she said what President Putin
"does around him in Russia makes it possible to kill
a British person" in Britain.
Two Metropolitan Police officers have tested positive
for traces of radioactive substance polonium-210.
Mrs Litvinenko said she had confidence UK police
would find her husband's killer, but would not
help Russia's planned probe.
She told the Mail on Sunday Russian authorities
had not yet been in touch with her.
We were both completely sure he would recover
Marina Litvinenko
"I do not think I will help them with their
investigations," she said.
"I can't believe that they will tell the truth.
I can't believe if they ask about evidence they
will use it in the proper way."
Mr Litvinenko died in a London hospital on 23 November
after being poisoned by polonum-210.
The Metropolitan Police said two of the 26 police
officers closely involved in the subsequent inquiry
had tested positive for traces of the substance.
It said the polonium traces were "relatively small"
and were "below defined safety limits".
Both officers are being monitored by health
specialists.
Alexander Litvinenko
Mr Litvinenko's widow said he had alienated the FSB
Mrs Litvinenko also told the Mail on Sunday her husband's
last words to her were: "Marina, I love you so much."
She also said she and "Sasha", as her husband was known
to family and friends, had been convinced
he would recover.
"Even until the last day, and the day before when he
became unconscious, I thought he would be okay...
"We had been talking about bone-marrow transplants
and looking to the future."
Mrs Litvinenko said the couple's 12-year-old son had
found his father's death "very difficult", but he
had been trying to comfort his mother.
Friends of Mr Litvinenko believe he was poisoned
because of his criticisms of the Russian government,
but the Kremlin has dismissed suggestions it was
involved in any way.
After Mr Litvinenko's death Kremlin spokesman
Dmitry Peskov said: "We don't consider it possible to
comment on the statements accusing the Kremlin because
it is nothing but sheer nonsense."
Russia's foreign intelligence service has also issued
a statement denying any involvement.
Mrs Litvinenko told the Sunday Times she had decided
to speak out after some "completely untrue" reports
suggested her husband was a man of dubious character.
She told the paper he had been an honest man and a
crime fighter rather than a spy.
She said her husband's public claims about his former
employers at the FSB, Russia's secret police, had
alienated them.
'Targets'
Speaking on BBC One's Breakfast AM, Vladimir Bukovsky,
a Soviet dissident and a close friend of
Mr Litvinenko's, said it was "clear" the Russian
authorities were behind the poisoning.
He said a law had been passed in Russia earlier this
year enabling the president "to eliminate his
particular enemies anywhere, including outside of
Russian territory".
Mr Bukovsky said the definition of "enemies" included
anyone engaged in libellous criticism of
the Russian administration.
He added: "Right as the law was passed the number two
in the Kremlin hierarchy the Minister of Defence
Sergei Ivanov made a statement saying that the
list of potential targets was already composed.
"Now what else do you need? Then followed the murder
of Anna Politkovskaya and Alexander Litvinenko
and there will be others to follow."
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6165913.stm
Yukos probed over ex-spy's death -
Alexander Litvinenko
Alexander Litvinenko suspected the Kremlin
of poisoning him
Russia's chief prosecutor says he is investigating
whether a former boss of the oil firm Yukos may be
linked to the death of ex-agent Alexander Litvinenko.
The prosecutor-general's office said it was "checking
the version" that former Yukos manager Leonid Nevzlin
could be among those involved in the poisoning.
Mr Nevzlin's spokesman said the suggestion was
"ridiculous", Reuters news agency reported.
Mr Nevzlin was close to jailed tycoon
Mikhail Khodorkovsky, who ran Yukos.
The prosecutor-general's statement said Mr Nevzlin
and some other ex-Yukos executives were wanted
internationally "over serious crimes".
It said there were indications of a link between
the poisoning of Mr Litvinenko and attempted murder
of Dmitry Kovtun - who met him in London before
he fell ill - and "the charges that
several Yukos managers committed crimes against
the life and health of citizens".
Demise of Yukos
Mr Nevzlin, who denies any wrongdoing in connection
with Yukos, is now living in Israel.
Leonid Nevzlin in Tel Aviv, Israel, 31 May 2005
Mr Nevzlin fled to Israel after prosecutors acted
against Yukos
The prosecutor-general's office says it is taking
steps towards the possible extradition of
the Russian suspects living abroad.
Former secret service officer Mr Litvinenko died
in London on 23 November and his body was found
to contain a massive dose of the radioactive
isotope polonium-210.
The case - which remains shrouded in mystery -
has strained relations between
Britain and Russia.
A statement made by Mr Litvinenko before he died
accused Russian President Vladimir Putin of
involvement in his death - but the Kremlin
has dismissed any suggestion it was involved
as "nonsense".
Mr Khodorkovsky is facing new money-laundering
charges along with his jailed
colleague Platon Lebedev.
Most of the enormous assets of Yukos have been
taken over by the state-controlled oil company,
Rosneft.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6212999.stm
Yukos probed over ex-spy's death -
Alexander Litvinenko
Alexander Litvinenko suspected the Kremlin
of poisoning him
Russia's chief prosecutor says he is investigating
whether a former boss of the oil firm Yukos may be
linked to the death of ex-agent Alexander Litvinenko.
The prosecutor-general's office said it was "checking
the version" that former Yukos manager Leonid Nevzlin
could be among those involved in the poisoning.
Mr Nevzlin's spokesman said the suggestion was
"ridiculous", Reuters news agency reported.
Mr Nevzlin was close to jailed tycoon
Mikhail Khodorkovsky, who ran Yukos.
The prosecutor-general's statement said Mr Nevzlin
and some other ex-Yukos executives were wanted
internationally "over serious crimes".
It said there were indications of a link between
the poisoning of Mr Litvinenko and attempted murder
of Dmitry Kovtun - who met him in London before
he fell ill - and "the charges that
several Yukos managers committed crimes against
the life and health of citizens".
Demise of Yukos
Mr Nevzlin, who denies any wrongdoing in connection
with Yukos, is now living in Israel.
Leonid Nevzlin in Tel Aviv, Israel, 31 May 2005
Mr Nevzlin fled to Israel after prosecutors acted
against Yukos
The prosecutor-general's office says it is taking
steps towards the possible extradition of
the Russian suspects living abroad.
Former secret service officer Mr Litvinenko died
in London on 23 November and his body was found
to contain a massive dose of the radioactive
isotope polonium-210.
The case - which remains shrouded in mystery -
has strained relations between
Britain and Russia.
A statement made by Mr Litvinenko before he died
accused Russian President Vladimir Putin of
involvement in his death - but the Kremlin
has dismissed any suggestion it was involved
as "nonsense".
Mr Khodorkovsky is facing new money-laundering
charges along with his jailed
colleague Platon Lebedev.
Most of the enormous assets of Yukos have been
taken over by the state-controlled oil company,
Rosneft.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6212999.stm
Foto satelite de Pulacayo -
The history of the Pulacayo Mines -
tells that around 1833 an Indian woman -
told Mariano Ramírez, a Spaniard -
who was looking for minerals in an inappropriate spot -
to follow her, because she would show him a place -
with enough Silver to build a city -
After crossing hills and valleys, they arrived -
to a place at the foot of the mountains –
the last section of the mountain range –
close to the limitless highlands -
That’s where the wind, which previously reached -
the Uyuni Salt Lake, blows -
The site was known as Mula-Cayo or Old Pulacayo,
where the Spaniards had worked a vein until 1770,
when the Indians in the Tupaj Amaru rebellion
had killed all the Spaniards and closed the vein -
The Indians had then kept the secret for many years -
In order to work the mine, Ramírez organized
a society in 1833 with two friends who lived
in Potosí, thus founding
the “Sociedad Mineralógica de Huanchaca”
(Huanchaca Mining Society) -
The three partners trustingly decided to work
on the ruined Huanchaca ingenio they had bought -
This mine was, during the last quarter of
the 19th Century, the axis of the Bolivian economy.
The Huanchaca mine was on the other side of the hill
and years later (1887), always looking for more mineral,
they dug a tunnel that went from Huanchaca to Pulacayo.
The Pulacayo mining center,
one of a kind for many years,
has been kept with minimal changes,
although they have been abandoned since 1952.
Among the important buildings are the house
that belonged to Aniceto Arce and Mr. Simón Patiño,
very renowned mining businessmen of their time -
There is also the first alpaca wool spinning mill
in the country, the theater, the maestranza,
and several other important buildings -
As an urban center, it has kept adequate integrity -
history repeat itself -
http://www.franklinmining.com/Portals/40/Bolivia/Pulacayo/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20PRESENTATION%20pula...
http://www.alovelyworld.com/webbolivie/htmgb/bol057.htm
http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1814/
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1814/
Foto satelite de Pulacayo -
The history of the Pulacayo Mines -
tells that around 1833 an Indian woman -
told Mariano Ramírez, a Spaniard -
who was looking for minerals in an inappropriate spot -
to follow her, because she would show him a place -
with enough Silver to build a city -
After crossing hills and valleys, they arrived -
to a place at the foot of the mountains –
the last section of the mountain range –
close to the limitless highlands -
That’s where the wind, which previously reached -
the Uyuni Salt Lake, blows -
The site was known as Mula-Cayo or Old Pulacayo,
where the Spaniards had worked a vein until 1770,
when the Indians in the Tupaj Amaru rebellion
had killed all the Spaniards and closed the vein -
The Indians had then kept the secret for many years -
In order to work the mine, Ramírez organized
a society in 1833 with two friends who lived
in Potosí, thus founding
the “Sociedad Mineralógica de Huanchaca”
(Huanchaca Mining Society) -
The three partners trustingly decided to work
on the ruined Huanchaca ingenio they had bought -
This mine was, during the last quarter of
the 19th Century, the axis of the Bolivian economy.
The Huanchaca mine was on the other side of the hill
and years later (1887), always looking for more mineral,
they dug a tunnel that went from Huanchaca to Pulacayo.
The Pulacayo mining center,
one of a kind for many years,
has been kept with minimal changes,
although they have been abandoned since 1952.
Among the important buildings are the house
that belonged to Aniceto Arce and Mr. Simón Patiño,
very renowned mining businessmen of their time -
There is also the first alpaca wool spinning mill
in the country, the theater, the maestranza,
and several other important buildings -
As an urban center, it has kept adequate integrity -
history repeat itself -
http://www.franklinmining.com/Portals/40/Bolivia/Pulacayo/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20PRESENTATION%20pula...
http://www.alovelyworld.com/webbolivie/htmgb/bol057.htm
http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1814/
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1814/
RE: PR (repeat) regarding starting of program -
http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_html_b1?release_id=160914
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
The history of the Pulacayo Mines -
tells that around 1833 an Indian woman -
told Mariano Ramírez, a Spaniard -
who was looking for minerals in an inappropriate spot -
to follow her, because she would show him a place -
with enough Silver to build a city -
After crossing hills and valleys, they arrived -
to a place at the foot of the mountains –
the last section of the mountain range –
close to the limitless highlands -
That’s where the wind, which previously reached -
the Uyuni Salt Lake, blows -
The site was known as Mula-Cayo or Old Pulacayo,
where the Spaniards had worked a vein until 1770,
when the Indians in the Tupaj Amaru rebellion
had killed all the Spaniards and closed the vein -
The Indians had then kept the secret for many years -
In order to work the mine, Ramírez organized
a society in 1833 with two friends who lived
in Potosí, thus founding
the “Sociedad Mineralógica de Huanchaca”
(Huanchaca Mining Society) -
The three partners trustingly decided to work
on the ruined Huanchaca ingenio they had bought -
This mine was, during the last quarter of
the 19th Century, the axis of the Bolivian economy.
The Huanchaca mine was on the other side of the hill
and years later (1887), always looking for more mineral,
they dug a tunnel that went from Huanchaca to Pulacayo.
The Pulacayo mining center,
one of a kind for many years,
has been kept with minimal changes,
although they have been abandoned since 1952.
Among the important buildings are the house
that belonged to Aniceto Arce and Mr. Simón Patiño,
very renowned mining businessmen of their time -
There is also the first alpaca wool spinning mill
in the country, the theater, the maestranza,
and several other important buildings -
As an urban center, it has kept adequate integrity -
history repeat itself -
http://www.alovelyworld.com/webbolivie/htmgb/bol057.htm
http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1814/
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1814/
Franklin Mining Announce Program for Tailings Program and Establish Ten Plants -
Pulatija operation is purely tailings
(Tailings are produced when metallic ores are ground
into fine powder to free the metal-bearing mineral).
The investment for Pulatija tailings -
Franklin will begin with one 400 ton per day plant -
we will increase to ten plants of 4,000 tons per day -
The Mine Perhaps the most famous of the 19th century mines
was at Huanchaca near -
Pulacayo, a cold even more remote township set at
an altitude of over 13,100ft (4,000m).
Pulacayo, a mining townPulacayo is slightly northeast
from Uyuni, today best known for its huge salt pans.
In 1890 the Huanchaca mine was owned by a group known as
the 'Compañia Huanchaca de Bolivia'
The Huanchaca mine was rich - very rich and it made a lot
of money.
Also it attracted substantial investment from Europe,
largely from Great Britain and France.
The major shareholders included the President, a number
of Chileans and some wealthy Sucre luminaries including
Don Francisco Argandona Don Francisco Argandoña who
owned a private bank.
http://www.southamericanpictures.com/features/feat9/princess.html
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1814/
PRESENTATION
The present project is the study elaborated for the installation of a plant for the
recovery of Gold and Silver of the Pulacayo tailings - Bolivia, analyzing and
experiencing to find the most appropriate and profitable method that makes it a
viable project.
This project is made of six chapters that are described next:
The first Chapter, in this Chapter is described the generalities where points of view
are explained like: summary, location, description of the plant, the operations and
the description of each process.
The second Chapter, refers to the Engineering of the Process, description and
facilities of raw materials inputs and supplies, the results of the experimental tests
are also shown, design and dimensions of equipment and machinery, operation
parameters as well as the general balance.
The third chapter refers to the economic evaluation, investments, operation capital,
operation cost, balance of benefits, profitability, break even point of the capital,
balance point.
The fourth chapter refers to the security and industrial hygiene in the process.
The fifth Chapters, refers to environment, treatment of waters and material, gravel
and slurries.
And sixth Chapter, refers to conclusions and recommendations, additionally is
added some annexes of interest.
INTRODUCTION
Analyzing the current situation in that the price of Au and Ag being at an historical
high with tendency to keep rising, the mining undeniable wealth contained in the
tailings of the Rio Negro River - Bolivia in Au and Ag, impelled us to look for forms
to recover these metals to the maximum.
The carried out tests give us a positive result, but being a low grade material we
chose the option of treating great tonnage.
This project is based on the metallurgic tests, from January until December of the
present year, in the laboratories of the San Agustin National University in Arequipa
and in the laboratories of the Mining and Metallurgy Technical Geologic Service of
the city of Oruro – Bolivia (SERGEOTECMIN). In this work the main parameters or
variables of different processes are evaluated mainly of concentration on
gravimetric tables, concentration in Reicker cones or similar, cyanide by agitation,
percolation and cyanide leaching in pads, precipitation with Merrill Crowe,
cementation, absorption, and desertion, among others; to achieve a higher
recovery of the precious metals.
Hoping through this project to contribute with the company in recovering Au and
Ag, looking to create a vertiginous growth of the auriferous production and Silver in
benefit of the country.
CHAPTER I
GENERALITIES
1.1.- SUMMARY:
The present project for the recovery of Au and Ag from the tailings of the Rio Negro
River - Bolivia, is the results of the investigation tests that were carried out in the
laboratories of the San Agustin National University in Arequipa and in the
laboratories of SERGEOTECMIN of the city of Oruro - Bolivia, which consisted on
the, combination of various processes and technologies to obtain the operation
parameters and finally to obtain recoveries of Au and Ag, combined with the design
of equipment and machinery, with treatment of a high tonnage, so as to transforms
it into an economically profitable project.
1.2.- LOCATION OF THE PLANT.
The plant will be located on the site of the tailing deposits, which are located 13
Km. from the city of Uyuni - Bolivia.
1.3.- DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANT.
1.3.1. Operations in the Plant:
The plant will be in charge of processing the tailings resulting from past flotation of
Comibol operations in Pulacayo - Bolivia to recover Au and Ag by means of the
elected process, shows up the options like process of gravimetric concentration, on
shaking tables and Reicker cones, lixiviation with CNNa by agitation, cyanide in
dumps, silver precipitation with sodium sulphur, precipitation by the Merrill Crowe
process, absorption with activated coal, desertion, chemical refinement and
electrolytic, to obtain 24 carat Gold and 969/1000 Silver.
In the process for lixiviation by agitation, 400 TMS daily of tails with head grades of
for Au = 0,7 gr / tn and Ag = 53,5 gr / tn, concentrated on a battery of gravimetric
shaking tables or spirals, this concentrate undergo a cyanide leaching in tanks by
agitation, the rich solution of Au and Ag will pass to the Merrill Crowe process or
will be loaded in columns of activated coal, previous silver precipitation, then will
proceed to a chemical refinement or pyrometallurgy obtaining at the end a product
of: 24 carat Gold and 969/1000 Silver.
In the process for lixiviation in pads, daily 1000 Tons of tails with head grades of for
Au = 0,7 gr / tn and Ag = 53,5 gr / tn, concentrated on a battery of gravimetric
shaking tables or spirals, this concentrate undergo a cyanide leaching in tanks by
agitation, the rich solution of Au and Ag will pass to the Merrill Crowe process or
will be loaded in columns of activated coal, previous silver precipitation, then will
proceed to a chemical refinement or pyrometallurgy obtaining at the end a product
of: 24 carat Gold and 969/1000 Silver.
1.3.1.1. Description of the process of material transport:
The material will be loaded by means of shovels or front loaders to trucks or
Dumpers. These dumpers will discharge the tailings in the material stock pile, then
the material will be pushed by a Scoop toward the receiving bin that will proceed to
feed it a strip transporters. This strip will drag the material from the chute of the
receiving bin with upward inclination and it will discharge the material into a
vibratory sieve, separating the thick material, proceeding to enter the material
fraction smaller than 2" into a conditioning tank .
1.3.1.2. Description the conditioning process.
The conditioning system consists of a tank, which will receive the material from the
strip, water will be added and will be agitated until achieving a pulp with a dilution
factor L/S = 5/1 (Liquid to solid), which prepares the material for its entrance to the
concentration process, after the conditioning process the pulp will go to a vibratory
sieve (Screen), with the purpose of catching the particles larger than¼", to avoid
problems in later processes.
1.3.1.3. Description of the concentration process:
This process will be carried out in a circuit of batteries of vibratory tables or spiral
concentrators; it is based on the difference of densities among the mineral species
to separate.
The operation of the tables, is based on the concentration by means of a laminate
fluid that slips flows on an inclined plan, it also uses a reciprocate horizontal
movement that acts at right angle with regard to the flow of the moving it liquids. As
a result of this operation three types of products will be obtained: slime, medium
and heavy.
The operation of the spiral, is based on the centrifugal force , with a circular
descending movement, producing three products slime, medium and heavy.
According to the experimental tests the material to be processed use is the heavy
fraction because in this we have been able to concentrate the highest quantity of
Au and Ag.
The concentrate obtained by the different dilutions in both processes, will be
transported by means of a pump and pipelines or sluices boxes, toward the filter
for the elimination of water, slime and medium sizes will be united, for its treatment,
recovery of water and its later disposal.
1.3.1.4. Description of the filtrate process:
The filtration is the separation of the solid particles of a fluid, making the fluid go
through a filtering material that accumulates and retains the solids in pulp form or
filtration cakes. Our filtered cakes will be forwarded toward the next stage or the
second conditioning.
1.3.1.5. Description of the process of the second conditioning:
For the cyanide agitation process, the concentrate coming from the filter will be
conditioned by 10 minutes with addition of water, cyanide and lime to prepare the
conditions of the pulp for the following step.
For the cyanide process heap leaching, the concentrate will pass to an
agglomerating drum, where water will be added, cyanide, cement and lime, and in
this way manner the material will be ready for its disposition on the heap leaching
dam, by means of transporting belt or trucks and front loaders, so that it completes
transitional period of agglomeration and cure.
1.3.1.6. Description of the lixiviation process for agitation:
This process consists on achieving the highest dissolution of Au and Ag contained
in the concentrate, being made in tanks with a system of agitation, it consists on a
suspension of cyanide solution, through which will pass the concentrate with
permanent perfusion of air or Oxygen.
1.3.1.7. Description of the process of the second filtrate, lixiviation by agitation:
When the break-up of Au and Ag has been completed the cyanide rich solution and
the solids should be separated, reason why the pulp should go by a filtration stage.
The leached solids if necessary will be washed in order to minimize any loss of
dissolved Au. The rich solution coming from the filtrate stage is sent to the
precipitation process with powdered Zn or (Merrill Crowe) silver precipitation with
sulphured sodium and adsorption in columns of activated coal, the remaining solids
will be sent to the correspondents new tailings (residuals) dam.
1.3.10. Description of the Merrill Crowe process:
This process is applied to cyanide solutions, clarified, with the addition of powdered
Zn and soluble salts of Pb and the deoxygenating of the solution. It consists of 4
basic stages:
1. Clarification of the cyanide solution (lower than 1 ppm in suspension).
2. Deoxygenating of the rich solution (up to 1 ppm of Oxygen).
3. Addition of powdered Zn and salts of Pb.
4. Recovery of the precipitate of Zn: Au and Ag.
Of this process precipitate Zn-Au-Ag is obtained, which goes to a process of
chemical refinement or pyrometallurgy and the poor solution is recycled to the
stage of the second conditioning.
DIAGRAM MERRILL CROWE
1.3.11 Description processes Pads heap leaching
The material agglomerate and cured is deposited in a leaching dam and a cyanide
solution is added by means of a watering system, a rich solution is obtained in gold
and silver, to avoid losses of solution by filtration, the leaching dam should be
waterproofed, reason why will be used a geomembrane blanket, the solution is
captured in canal or sluices and from there to a pool, all this by gravity.
1.3.11. Description of the stage of tails disposition:
Spirals: slime, medium size materials, filtrate material after the lixiviation process
by agitation or the gravel from the pads. The disposition of these materials will be
seen after choosing the site for the installation of the plant and according to that
will define the site and the type of treatment these materials require in accordance
with applicable environmental rules and regulations
CHAPTER II
ENGINEERING OF THE PROCESS
2.1. - INPUTS AND SUPPLIES
2.1.1.- Raw materials:
Our fundamental raw materials are composed of auriferous minerals and silver
whose reserves guarantee the supply thorough to the programmed plant.
2.1.2.- Availability of land:
According to plans and information on land in the part where the plant of benefit
will be built exist a total free area that allows the installation of same.
In the respective area we will have to prepare the land and to look for the
appropriate slopes for the total design of the circuit.
2.1.3.- Availability of water:
The water is a utility considered practically as indispensable and its influence as a
locational factor depends in essence on its availability.
For our plant water is available from the river that will be pumped toward the
different points of the beneficiation plant.
Water exists in enough quantity to supply the necessities of our plant and other
domestic uses.
2.1.4.- Availability of Electric power:
To assure the supply of the electric power it will be provided by means of a line of
energy distribution. The company will also have alternative electro generators
those will be used in case where some inconvenience exists.
2.1.5.- Availability of communication roads:
We will have communication roads near the plant of beneficiation and they will stay
in good state to facilitate the transport, securing the provisioning of fuel and other
materials that are necessary for the operation of the plant.
2.1.6.- Manpower availability:
Since the work system is qualified and in certain elementary stages we require
qualified manpower and semi qualified ones, to prepare the site, the offer is
available to cover this necessity, also the rates of salaries and wages of the area
are shown favourable for the project.
2.1.7. - Sodium Cyanide:
Very important for our process, it can be acquired nationally or preferably imported,
it has the following characteristics:
Purity: 96.98 %
Colour: White
Dilution: Dissolves gold, silver and copper.
Depressors: it is a strong depressor of almost all the
sulphurous minerals.
2.1.8.- Lime:
At the moment it is easy the access to their purchase and presents the following
characteristic:
Colour: White.
Specific weigh: 1.40
Fusion point: 2570 ºC.
Solubility: Water and acids.
2.1.9. - Zn Powder:
It will be used in the Merrill Crowe process for the precipitation of gold and silver.
Molecular weigh = 65.37
Zinc = 96.7 %
ZnO = 3 %
Other = 0.3% (Lead)
SG = 7.14 gr / cc
2.1.10. - Lead acetate:
It will be used in the Merrill Crowe process to avoid the degrading of the Zinc,
improving the yield of this in the precipitation of gold and silver.
Formula = C4H8O6Pb2
Colour = Colourless
SP = 2.55 gr / cc
PH = from 5.5 to 6.5
2.2. – EXPERIMENTAL TESTINGS
2.2.1. - Base of the project:
a) Formulation of the problem:
In order to recover the highest quantity of Au and Ag from 4 500 000 of tons from
the Rio Negro River tailings - Bolivia with a average grade of 0.7 gr / tn in Au and
of 53.5 gr / tn in Ag we have to:
b) Problem:
By means of different processes to achieve the break-up of the highest quantity of
Au and Ag contained in the tailings. Knowing that our material comes from a
flotation stage should be kept in mind that it contains remainders of the reagents of
previous processes and also metallic contents that consume the reagents and
chemicals to use in these new processes.
c) Objetives:
c.1. To achieve the highest recovery in Au and Ag.
c.2. To minimize consumption of chemicals and reagents.
c.3. To design and to determine the process and the more appropriate equipment
and machineries that it is adjusted to that required in the previous objectives.
c.4. To adjust us to the minimum permissible parameters in the whole process of
our project to avoid the environmental impact.
d) Justification:
The current prices of the metals in the world market allow carrying out investments
in new mining projects; in turn this implies an identification and commitment with
the resources of the company with the purpose of giving the maximum effort to
combine processes and new technologies to get our objectives.
e) Product:
The result of our project will be a processing plant of low grade minerals of with Au
and Ag.
2.2.2.- LABORATORY TESTS.
In this part a test type resume of all the tests carried out will be included, during the
study of the material, all the tests won't be included to be in excessive number,
many of them with similar results.
The carried out tests were with such different variables as:
Mesh Analysis in dry and humid.
Different types of washes to determine consumptions of reagents.
Concentration on table to different percentages of solids, feeding flows,
laundry flows and concentration ratios, obtaining material for the following
stages.
Concentration in spiral to different percentages of solids, feeding flows,
laundry flows and concentration ratios, obtaining material for the following
stages.
Cyanide, cyanidation obtained different concentrate of the concentration
tests, with the variables of cyanide concentrations, injection of oxygen, and
addition of accelerating, cyanide with distilled water, percolation tests and in
heap leaching.
Pilot plant with 10 tons, concentration in spiral, percolation, cyanide by
agitation, cyanidation in dam.
The shown tests are not necessarily those of better results, the objective is to
show the used methodology, they are tests type.
N° 1 TEST
PROCESS: MESH ANALYSIS
OBJECTIVE: To determine the distribution of particle sizes
MATERIAL: Tailings Rio Negro
Initials Conditions
Material : 400 gr
Laundry : mesh 200
Time : 20 minutes in Rottap
MESH mm WEIGHT
(gr)
% IND % ACUM % PASSING
+ 48 0,295 11 2,75 2,75 97,25
+65 0,208 38 9,50 12,25 87,75
+100 0147 46 11,50 23,75 76,25
+150 0,104 18 4,50 28,25 71,75
+200 0,074 60 15,00 43,25 56,75
-200 227 56,75 100,00 0,00
CONCLUSIONS
An individual acceptable percentage is observed in the mesh +200, in%
passing, what demonstrates us a good liberation of particles, reason why we
don’t needed a stage of mechanical and material preparation.
Nº 2 TEST
OBJECTIVE: To determine the consumption of lime with material without treatment
MATERIAL: Tailings. Rio Negro
Initials Condition
Material : 1 kg
It dilutes : 5 lts
PH : 2
Lime : 70% purity
Initial PH Lime (gr) Final PH Consumption
(gr)
Total (kg /
Tn)
consumption
2 20 3 20 20
3 10 4 10 30
4 20 7 20 50
7 10 10 10 60
10 5 11 5 65
CONCLUSIONS
The material been flotation tailings shows a behaviour of highly acid PH=2
The total consumption of lime to reach a basic PH of 11 is of 65 kg / Tn
RECOMMENDATIONS
Due to the high consumption of lime during the experiment we should
carried out a treatment of washing the material with lime, previous to the
cyanidation.
N° 3 TEST
PROCESS: CYANIDATION BY AGITATION (material without treatment)
OBJECTIVE: To determine THE consumption of Cyanide.
MATERIAL: Tailings. Rio Negro
Condition Initials
Material : 200 gr
It dilutes : 1 lt
PH : 2
Condition of Test
Material : 200 gr
It dilutes : 1 lt
Dilution : 5 to 1
% CN : 0.1
Lime : 13 gr (70% purity)
PH : 11 - 12
Hour PH %CN -
solution
%CN -
consumed
I Weigh
CN - (Kg /
Tn)
0 11 0.100 - -
½ 11 0.002 0.098 4.90
Conditioning: 0.162% CN-
1½ 12 0.140 0.022 1.10
2½ 12 0.140 0.000 0.00
Total 6.00
CONCLUSIONS
At the end of the test the consumption of cyanide of 6Kg/Tn was
determined.
It is observed that at ½ and 1½ hour of test the PH stays inside the work
range, for what is not necessary to add lime.
After ½ hour of test the whole cyanide is practically consumed, that which
shows the cyanisides presence.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The copper presence as sulphate can be eliminated with a previous wash,
reducing the cyanide consumption.
Been the consumption of cyanide of 6kg (excessive), it is not profitable to
carry out the direct cyanidation.
For the results obtained in the test N°1 and N°2, should be carried out a
treatment of the material to reduce our consumptions of lime and cyanide.
N° 4 TEST
PROCESS: CYANIDATION BY AGITATION
OBJECTIVE: To determine the consumption of Cyanide and lime with material
treated
MATERIAL: Tailings. Rio Negro
Condition Initials
Material : 1 kg
It dilutes : 5 lts
PH : 6
Treatment of the mineral
We proceeded to carry out two laundries with lime, achieving in the first laundry a
PH of 3 and in the second laundry a PH of 6, with a final consumption of lime of
3Kg/Tn.
Condition of Test
Material : 1 kg
It dilutes : 5 lts
Lime : 3 gr
PH : 11
% CN- : 0.1
Hour PH %CN -
solution
%CN -
consumed
I Weigh
CN - (Kg /
Tn)
0 11 0.1000 - -
½ 11 0.0750 0.0250 1.250
Conditioning: 0.115% CN-
1 11 0.0825 0.0325 1.625
1½ 11 0.0825 0.0000 0.000
Total 2.875
In this test it was allowed to rest the pulp in the reactor without agitation for 16
hours and proceeding again with regular testing.
17½ 11 0.0675 0.0175 0.760
Total 3.635
CONCLUSIONS
It was observed that at the 1½ hour of test the cyanide consumption was
stabilized in: 2.875 kg / Tn and the total consumption is of 3.635 Kg / Tn.
The total consumption of lime in laundry and cyanidation is reduced to
6Kg/Tn.
With the laundry process descends the cyanide concentration.
Due to the cyanide consumption after leaving the pulp in the reactor we
have proceeded with the test again.
RECOMMENDATIONS
To carry out the laundry with lime of the material to reduce the consumption
of lime and cyanide with the cyanide elimination
N° 5 TEST
PROCESS: CONCENTRATION GRAVIMETRICO IN TABLE
OBJECTIVE: To determine the good concentration radio.
To obtain material for later tests of cyanide treatment.
To determine recovery percentages, for different concentration ratios.
MATERIAL: Tailings. Rio Negro
Initials Conditions
Material : 10 kg
It dilutes : 50 lt
PH : 2
SG : 2,86
Condition of Test
% Sp : 16.5 %
Pulp density : 1.12 gr / cc3
Time of test : 45 minutes
Time of Acond. 10 minutes
Pulp Volume: 53.5 lt.
Pulp flow: 1.19 lt / min.
Laundry flow: 9.52 lt / min
Weigh of concentrated : 2,235 kg Grade Au 2,5 gr / tn grade Ag 32 gr / tn
Average weigh : 6,12 kg. 0,7 gr / tn 43 gr / tn
Slime weigh : 1,565 kg 0,7 gr / tn 180,68 gr / tn
Concentration radio: 4.5 to 1
CONCLUSIONS
At the end of the test it was determined that the concentration of gold was
good.
It is observed that the silver is displacing towards the slimes.
RECOMMENDATIONS
To carry out more quantity of tests with different concentration grade, flows
and dilutions, to be able to recover higher quantities of silver.
To prove other concentration methods.
N° 6 TEST
PROCESS: CONCENTRATION GRAVIMETRICO IN HAIRSPRING
OBJECTIVE: To determine the good concentration ratio.
To obtain material for later tests of cyanidation.
To determine recovery percentages, for different concentration ratio.
MATERIAL: Tailings Rio Negro
Initial Conditions
Material : 30 kg
Water : 150 lt
PH : 2
SP : 2.86
Condition of Test
% Sp : 16.5 %
Pulp density: 1.12 gr / cc3
Time of test: 19 minutes
Time of Acond: 10 minutes
Pulp Volume: 160.5 lt.
Pulp flow: 8.45 lt. / min.
Weigh concentrate : 6,200 kg Grade Au 2 gr / tn Grade Ag 32 gr / tn
Average weigh : 11,6 kg. 0.6 gr / tn 35 gr / tn
Slime weigh : 12,200 kg 0.87 gr / tn 102.92 gr / tn
Concentration ratio: 4.84 to 1
CONCLUSIONS
At the end of the test it was determined that the concentration of gold was
good.
It is observed that the silver is moving towards the slime.
The spiral it is manages the material well, showing that it can be process
large tonnage by this method.
RECOMMENDATIONS
To carry out more quantity of tests with different concentration grade, flows
and dilutions, to be able to recover higher quantity of silver.
Increasing the laundry flow can control the acidity of the concentrate well.
N° 7 TEST
PROCESS: CYANIDE BY AGITATION
OBJECTIVE: To determine the consumption of Cyanide and lime with the material
treated
MATERIAL: Tailings Rio Negro
Initial Conditions
Material : 1 kg
Water : 5 lts
PH : 5.5
Treatment of the mineral
we proceeded to carry out two laundries with lime, achieving a final PH of 5.5, with
a final consumption of lime of 3Kg /Tn.
Condition of Test
Material : 1 kg
Water : 5 lts
Lime : 3 gr
PH : 11
% CN- : 0.1
Hour PH %CN -
solution
%CN -
consumed
I Weigh
CN - (Kg /
Tn)
0 11 0.1000 - -
½ 11 0.0775 0.0225 1.125
Conditioning: 0.1175% CN-
1 11 0.0850 0.0325 1.625
1½ 11 0.0800 0.0005 0.250
2 11 0.0800 0.0000 0.000
Total 3.000
In this test it was allowed to rest the pulp in the reactor without agitation for 16
hours and proceeding again to regular.
18 11 0.0625 0.0175 0.875
Total 3.875
CONCLUSIONS
It was observed that at the 2 hours of test the cyanide consumption was
stabilized in: 3Kg/Tn and with final consumption of 3.875 kg / Tn.
The total consumption of lime in laundry and cyanidation reduced to 6Kg/Tn.
In the tests N°3 and N°4 are observed that the cyanide consumption
continues, after leaving the pulp in the reactor (16 hours), that which shows
activity of some element (it can be Ag).
RECOMMENDATIONS
To carry out the material laundry because it demonstrated the decrease of
the cyanide consumption and lime.
To determine which is the element that reacts to the cyanide with regard to
the time of rest of the pulp in the reactor, you should proceed to carry out a
test with higher quantity of material, smaller pulp dilution and at the same
time large cyanide exposition of analyze solution and to determine
recoveries.
N° 8 TEST
PROCESS: CYANIDE BY AGITATION
OBJECTIVE: To determine the consumption of Cyanide and lime with material
treated
To analyze solutions and to determine recoveries for economic
analysis
MATERIAL: Tailings Rio Negro
Initial Conditions
Material : 5 kg
It dilutes : 12.5 lts
PH : 4
Treatment of the mineral
You proceeded to carry out two laundries with lime, achieving a final PH of 4, with
a final consumption of lime of 3Kg /Tn.
Condition of Test
Material : 5 kg
It dilutes : 12.5 lts
Lime : 30 gr
PH : 11
% CN- : 0.1
Hour PH %CN -
solution
%CN -
consumed
I Weigh
CN - (Kg /
Tn)
0 11 0.1000 - -
½ 11 0.0775 0.0225 0.5625
Conditioning: 0.1015% CN-
1 11 0.0800 0.0215 0.5375
Conditioning: 0.1040% CN-
1½ 11 0.0825 0.0215 0.5375
Conditioning: 0.1065% CN-
2 11 0.0900 0.0165 0.4120
Conditioning: 0.1140% CN-
2½ 12 0.1000 0.0140 0.3500
3 11 0.0925 0.0075 0.1875
4 11 0.0900 0.0025 0.0625
5 11 0.0900 0.0000 0.0000
Total 2.6495
For the experience of the previous tests, the pulp was left in the reactor without
agitation (14 hours) to determine the cyanide consumption.
Hour PH %CN -
solution
%CN -
consumed
I Weigh
CN - (Kg /
Tn)
19 11 0.0650 0.0250 0.6200
Conditioning: 0.0970% CN-
19½ 11 0.0900 0.0070 0.1750
20 11 0.0850 0.0050 0.1250
21 11 0.0850 0.0000 0.0000
Total 0.9200
At the end of the 21 hours we took a solution sample to analyze Au and Ag
content.
The pulp was left for a while in the reactor without agitation for 16 hours and
then proceeded to regular testing.
37 11 0.0725 0.0125 0.0025
38 11 0.0725 0.0000 0.0000
Total 3.5720
The solution sample was sent for analysis in 21 and 38 hours of cyanide exposal,
obtaining as a result:
Recoveries (%)
Hours Au Ag
21 61.61 52.53
38 62.73 57.10
CONCLUSIONS
The cyanide continues reacting mainly for the presence of Ag
As in previous tests, the previous treatment of the material reduces the
cyanide (3.5750Kg / Tn) consumption and lime (9Kg/Tn)
The increase of the consumption of lime with regard to the two previous
tests is due to the smallest pulp dilution.
Due to the smallest dilution, the reaction of the reagents with the elements
turns slower.
RECOMMENDATIONS
To carry out the treatment of the mineral (laundry) before the cyanide
exposal.
To find the balance between time of Recovery and production costs to
achieve an economically profitable process.
N° 9 TEST
PROCESS: CONCENTRATION IN TABLES GRAVIMETRICAS
OBJECTIVE:
- Concentration of the tailings to reduce tonnage to try in later processes.
- To carry out sequence of tests to find the concentration radio that allows
concentrating the highest quantities of Au and Ag on the heavy material.
- To reduce the consumption of reagents.
MATERIAL: Tailings Rio Negro
Sample preparation:
% of humidity : 10 %
SP of the mineral : 2.86 g / cc
D. of pulp : 1.12 kg / Lt
Weight of material : 10 kg.
Water : 50 Lts.
Dilution : 5 to 1
Ph : 2
% of solids in volume: 19.5
% of solids in weight: 16.47
Flow of water : 10 lt / min
Table products:
Light (Slime) material : 4850 g - Ph : 3
Half material 2745 g - Ph : 4
Heavy (concentrated) material 2405 g - Ph : 5
N° 10 TEST
PROCESS: CIANURATION OF THE CONCENTRATED PRODUCT IN TABLES
OBJECTIVE:
- To calculate consumption of reagents
- To find recoveries of Au and Ag.
MATERIAL: Tailings Rio Negro
Condition initials:
Material : 1 KG.
Water : 5 lts.
Ph : 5.5
Condition of Test:
Material : 1 kg
Dilution : 5 to 1
Lime : 2 g
Ph : 11
CNNa : 5 g
Hour Ph % CNNa Sun. % CNNa
Cons.
CNNa
(Kg /
Tn)
0 11 0.1000
½ 11 0.0975 0.0025 0.125
1 11 0.0975 0.0000 0.000
Conditioning 5 g CNNa 0.1975
2 11 0.1925 0.0050 0.250
3 11 0.1850 0.0075 0.375
5 11 0.1800 0.0050 0.250
Conditioning: 2.5 g CNNa 0.2300
10 11 0.1600 0.0700 3.500
TOTAL OF CONSUMED CYANIDE:
Agitation hours Hours without Agitation Kg CNNa cons./ Tn
Conc.
10 104.5 4.5
TOTAL OF CONSUMED LIME: 2 kg / Tn of material
RECOVERIES OF Au and Ag
Concentration radio in table: 4 to 1
TABLE GRAVIMETRICA
GRADES RECOVERIES
% Au (mg /
Kg)
% Ag (mg /
Kg)
% Au % Ag
Head 1.055 53.3
Concentrate 3.3 100.38 75.07 45.20
CIANURACION
GRADES RECOVERIES
% Au % Ag % Au % Ag
Concentrate 3.3 mg / Kg 53.3 mg /
Kg
Solution 0.55 mg /
Lt
100.38 mg
/ Lt
83.3 66.60
Total recovery:
Au: 62.53 %
Ag: 30.10 %
CONCLUSIONS:
- With the concentration in table it is possible to reduce the consumption of
reagents in the cyanide treatment, not needing a previous laundry.
- It was possible to reduce the material tonnage to try, sacrificing recoveries
in gold and in more proportion in silver.
- The equipment used in the realization of the tests the same as the results
provided by the chemical laboratory don't offer total dependability.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
- To elevate recovery of Au and Ag it is necessary to continue carrying out
tests in laboratory, defining for equipment and more reliable analysis.
- To carry out a mill from the concentrate of previous table to the cyanide
exposure.
- To implement an alternating process for recovery of valuable material in
slimes.
Note.- For the design and dimensioning of equipment more time is needed
2.2.3.- OBTAINED RESULTS
With the material available we proceeded to carry out tests without preliminary
treatment, obtaining the following results:
a) LIME:
Our material showed up with acid ph: of 2. The total consumption of lime to
reach a basic PH of 11 was of 65 kg / Tn.
A treatment of the material was made. The total consumption of lime in
laundry and cyanide exposal is reduce from 9Kg/Tn. at 6Kg/Tn.
In the concentration process in tables and cyanide by agitation the final
consumption of lime was of 3 Kg / Tn.
In the concentration process in spirals and cyanide by agitation the final
consumption of lime is of: 3 kg / tn.
In the concentration process in spiral and percolation the final consumption
is: 3 kg / tn.
B) CYANIDE:
Cyanide exposure of the material without treatment and a consumption of
cyanide of 6Kg/Tn was obtained.
Cyanide exposure of the material treated the total consumption was from
3.5 Kg / Tn to 3.9 kg / Tn.
In the concentration process in tables and Cyanide exposure by agitation,
the final consumption was of 2 Kg / Tn of material.
In the concentration process in spirals and Cyanide exposure by
percolation, the final consumption was of 1 kg / tn.
C) RECOVERIES OF GOLD:
Analysis where carried out in different laboratories, the material varied
depending the place and the sampling type, therefore the grades of initial
head varied from 1,055 to 0,66 gr / Tn. For final calculations we took the
grade of 0,7gr / Tn head, to be this the law of the material with which bulk
sampling test was carried out.
In the concentration process the concentrated among ratios from 10 to 1 up
to 1,4 to 1 being obtained recoveries from 68,65 to 36,56% and in cyanide
leaching of 84,2% to 34,88% and a final recovery was obtained from 37,83
to 62.53 %
Defining the treatment process with concentration radio 2 to 1, and cyanide
exposal we obtained recoveries from 48 to 62,53%, taking a final iterative
and projected recovery of 53%.
D) RECOVERIES OF SILVER:
Analysis where carried out in different laboratories, the material varied
depending the place and the sampling type, therefore the grade of initial
head varied from 122 gr / tm to 42,35 gr / Tn. For final calculations we took
head grades of 53,5 gr / Tm, to be this grade of the material with which bulk
sampling test was carried out.
Cyanide exposal of the material treated and a recovery of 57.10% was
obtained.
In the process of concentration 45.20% and cyanidation 66.60% and a final
recovery of 30.10 %was obtained.
The recoveries diminishes when the concentration grade is higher and it
increases when the cyanide exposal is time longer, the recovery for
profitability of the project will be taken as 20%.
2.2.4.- DESCRIPTION OF ELECTED PROCESSES.
2.2.4.1 CONCENTRATION GRAVIMETRIC WITH CYANIDE EXPOSAL BY
AGITATION
2.2.4.1.1.- BLOCK DIAGRAM
TREATMENT: 400TMSD. 444 TMHD
CONCENTRATED: TABLES OR SPIRALS: 80TMS
MATRIAL STOCKPILE
BELTS
CONDITIONER 1
TABLES BATERY or SPIRALS
MEDIUM HEAVY SLIME
SLAG (PYRO)
2.2.4.1.2.- I DESIGN AND DIMENSION OF EQUIPMENT
SPECIFICATIONS - DIMENSION OF EQUIPMENT
THICKENER
CONDITIONER 2
FILTER 1
REACTORS
FILTER 2
(3% H2O)
TAILINGS
MERRILL CROWE
REFINATION
GOLD SILVER
WEAK SOLUTION
WATER
MATERIAL STOCKPILE
444.44 TMHD x 0.3 = 133.33 TMHD
Stockpile capacity = 577.77 TMHD
400 TMSD x 0.3 = 120 TMSD
Stockpile capacity = 520 TMSD
Mineral volume = 181.82 m3
PILES OF MINERAL
4 piles of 45.46m3
H = 3m
D = 7.6m
Stockpile Area = 300m2
FEEDER TO BELT
With SCOOP = 3 to 5 TN of capacity
BELTS (for 444.44 TMHD)
Wide = 18"
Length = 18m
Distances among centres = 8m = 26.4pies
Time per turn = 21seg
Speed = 168.69 feet / min
H = 8.10 feet = 2.5m
Capacity belt discharges = 22.31 TC / h
Horizontal Potential= 0.5HP
Vertical Potential= 0.2HP
Total required potential = 0.7 HP = 1HP
CONDITIONER 1
Time = 10min
Pulp volume = 525.17 * 1.2 = 630.204 pie3 = 17.85m3
D = 3.2m
H = 2.22m
Motor Potential= 1HP
TABLES
4 tables of 120 TMSD each.
SPIRALS
20 Spirals of 1 TMSH
THICKENERS
Material Concentrated = 80 TMSD
H2O = 1000m3
Daily volume to treat = 1026.67m3
Number of thicknesses = 2
Capacity of thickener = 85m3 = 100m3 (the filter will be filled 4hrs 6
times/day each filter)
D = H = 5m.
FILTER 1 (Rotating)
Filtering area = 470.31pies2
Number of equipments = 3
D = 6pies each
Length = 8 feet each
CONDITIONER 2
TN = 80
H2O = 240 m3 = 26.67 m3
Volume to treat = 523.19 foot3
Conditioner (20% security equipment = 17.78 m3) volume
D = 5m
H = 5m
Motor = 2HP
REACTORS
TN = 80 = 26.67 m3
Sun = 240 m3
Total = 266.67 m3
Volume to treat = 160 m3 (agitation each 12hrs)
Number of reactors = 4
Volume to treat in each reactor = 40 m3
D = 3.7m each
H = 3.7m each
Motor power = 1.5 HP
FILTER 2 (DENVER disks)
TN = 80 * 1.2 = 96 TM = 105.82176 TC.
Filtering area = 705.478 ft² = 65.54 m²
N° of Filters = 1 filter of 6' of Ø and of 10 disks.
L = 16' 7"
To = 7 ' 4"
H = 6' 10"
or
2 filters of 6' of Ø and of 5 disks.
L = 9' 11"
To = 7 ' 4"
H = 6' 10"
Power of vacuum system = 11 HP
2.2.4.1.3.- PARAMETERS OF OPERATIONS.
BELTS:
Humidity of the material = 10 %
G.E. of the material = 2.86 gr / cc = 178.54 lbs / pie³
Strip speed = 168.69 feet / minute
I weigh of material for long foot. = 5 kg / foot
Capacity of belt discharge = 22.31 tc / hr
Material to treat 400 TMSD
CONDITIONER 1
Dilution L/S = 5 to 1
Material to treat = 400 TMSD
Water = 1955.56 m³
Volume of having been accustomed to = 139.86 m³ / day
Pulp volume = 2139.86 m³ / day
Pulp density= 1.12 gr / cc
Time of conditioning = 10'
Ph = 2
Pulp / TMS Pies³ = 173.42
Flow = 48.17 pies³ / minute
Total volume of the system = 481.7 pies³
SPIRALS
TN to treat = TMSD
Pulp water = 2000 m³
Dilution L/S = 20 to 1
PH = 2
PRODUCTS OF SPIRALS:
SLIME:
PH = 3
Dilution = 25 to 1
Tn = 200 TMSD
Water = 5000 m³ / Day
MEDIUM:
PH = 4
Dilution = 16.67 to 1
TN = 120 TMSD
Water = 2000 m³
HEAVY :
PH = 5
Dilution = 12.5 to 1
TN = 80 TMSD
Water = 1000 m³
SG. = 3 gr / cc
THICKENED AND FILTRATE 1:
TN = 80 TMSD = 26.67 m³
Water = 1000 m³
SG = 3 gr / cc
Dilution = 12.5 to 1
% of solid Thickener = entrance: 7.6% exit: 60 %
PH = 5
Volume of pulp thickener = 1026.67 m³ / day = 1886 gl / 10'
thickener N° = 2
Capacity = 100 m³ c/u
N° of filters = 3
Total capacity of the filter = 80 TMD = 96 TCD
Filtering total area = 470.31 pies²
Area for each filter = 150.8 pies²
CONDITIONER 2
Dilution l/S = 3 to 1
Material to treat = 80 TMSD
water = 240 m³
Material volume = 26.67 m³
Pulp volume = 266.67 m³ / day
Time of conditioning = 80'
Pulp density = 1.2 gr / cc
PH = of 11 to 12
CNNa = 0.1 at 0.25
Lime = 3 Kg / Tn
Feet³ / TMS = 106.67
Flow = 5.93 Pies³ / min.
Total volume of the system = 479.9 feet ³
REACTORS
N° of reactors = 4
Material to treat = 80 TMSD = 26.67 m³
Solution: 240 m³
Time of agitation = 12 hours
Total volume of pulp = 266.67 m³ / day
Volume for operation (2) with 20% of security = 160 m³
Volume of each reactor = 40 m³
FILTER 2
TN to treat = 80 TMSD * 1.2 = 96 TMSD = 105.82 TCD
Solution = 237.6 m³
Humidity of the tailings = 3 %
PH = 11
MERRILL CROWE (disposition of the company)
Clarified solution = & lt; 5 ppm of solids
Deoxygenating = & lt; 1 ppm of OR2
Concentration of free CN = & gt; 0.035 M = 1.7 gr / Lt.
PH = of 9 to 11
Lead nitrate = from 0.5 to 1 gr / 1 gr of Au
Powder of Zinc = from 5 to 12 gr / gr of Au
2.2.4.2 CONCENTRATION GRAVIMETRICA WITH CIANURACIÓN IN PADS
2.2.4.2.1.- DIAGRAM OF BLOCKS
TREATMENT: 1000 TMSD
CONCENTRATED: TABLES OR HAIRSPRING 500 TMSD
STOCK PILE
BELT
CONDITIONNER 1
TABLE BATERY OR SPIRALS
MEDIUM HEAVY SLIME
FILTRE
AGLOMERATOR
BELT
BELT
PADS
GRAVEL
MERRILL CROWE
REFINATION
POOR SOLUTION
WATER
SLAG (PYRO)
2.2.4.2.2.- DESIGN AND DIMENSIONING OF EQUIPMENT
For the installation of a plant for the treatment of 1000 TMSD, has been projected
the following design, keeping in mind the variations that have been carried out and
will be carried out as the advance of the laboratory tests and pilot plants.
1.- Materials STOCK PILING:
SG. : 2,86
% Humidity : 4%
Daily volume to treat: 350 m3
Dimensions of the stockpile: 20 m x 20 m
2.- Chute :
Cylindrical, with truncated inferior cone inverted with exit hole and a feeder
to belt.
Volume to treat per shift: 140 m3
Diameter : 5 m
Height : 7m
Height truncated cone: 2 m
Exit diameter: 0,30 m
GOLD SILVER
3.- Sieve:
Rails, installed in parallel perpendicular to the exit of the chute, with a
distance among them of 2", of 2m x 1,5 m, functioning by vibration with an
eccentric axel and motor of 2 HP.
4.- Belts:
A goes Belt from the chute exit to feeding to conditioner, another from the
filter to the agglomerator feed.
Width : 18"
Length : 18 m.
Dist. Among axel: 8 m.
Time of rotation: 21 Seg.
Angle : it varies depending distribution in situ.
Height : it varies depending distribution in situ.
potential : from 3 to 2 HP, for angle variant and heights
belts feeding system to Pads, it depends on distribution in situ.
5.- Conditioner:
Feeding: 7 tns
Dilution : 5 to 1
Time of conditioning: 10 min.
Feeding volume: 17 m3
Diameter : 2,8 m
Height : 3 m
Motor : 3 HP
6.- Vibrating screen:
Vibratory screen, with opening 0.25", 2 x 2,5 m, worked with an eccentric
and motor of 2 HP.
7.- spirals:
Battery of 50 spirals, with capacity of 1 Tn per hour, each with a auto fed
pump of vertical power worked with a motor of 1,5 HP.
8.- Filter:
Tonnage : 600 metric tons per day includes security
Filtering required area: 4409, 24 feet 2 = 409, 62 m2 / day = 17,07 m2/h
Band filter Delkor: 10 T/m2 hr.
Required filter : 2 m2 filtering area.
9.- Agglomerator:
A drum agglomerator with capacity for 500 m. tons /day, with feeding
system for cyanide solution, lime and cement.
10.- Pads:
They will be built c to deposit the material for watering (leaching) for 15 days
of plant work, a pad will have the following characteristics:
Tonnage : 7500 TM
SG : 3
Pile height : 2 m.
Angle of rest: 40 grades
Dam slope: 5 grades
Volume to try: 3500 m3
The pile will have truncated form of a square pyramid
Wide and large base: 45,66 m
Area bases of pile : 2084.84 m2
Width and length of the crown: 40,89 m
Average watering area : 1872,73 m2
The leaching pad will be built, have more than enough compacted earth and
with the suitable slope, on this a waterproof blanket or layer of gravel of 4”
high that can be from the over size of the sieve that goes from the
conditioner to the spirals, as system of solution drainage, perforated pipes,
the gathering sluices have to be integrated to the waterproof lining, reason
why the sluice can be the continuation of the blanket, filler sacks between
the pile and the sluice will be placed, so that it serves as filter and helps to
the trafficking of the personnel in charge .
For the watering, we can use diverse systems, with pressure hoses, leaking,
by aspersion, the selection of the system will be carried out keeping in mind
the readiness of equipment, watering efficiency, lost of solution, coming from
testing and/or experience.
11.- Rich Solution Pool:
The solution will be gathered by gravity, will pass by the pile in a vertical way
toward the gathering sluices that will take the solution toward the rich
solution pool, for the solution handling, we already have the one installed for
the material in the pad, cured and agglomerated.
The material has a solution support until being saturated on the average of
65 lts / Tn, after which we proceed newly to water it displacing the contained
solution, like watering is provided from 10 to 12 lt / hr m2, the solution flows
by gravity toward the sluices and then toward the pool of rich solution, where
we have three options:
1.- recycle the gathered solution, that is to say, to water again with this the
same pad, until being able to load certain quantity of gold and silver and to
proceed to recover it by the Merrill Crowe process, for this we need a pool
for each pad.
2.- the solution pass it from the old pad to the new pad, hence the solution
would be loaded progressively, since it would go by 8 pads, the solution
would go to Merrill Crowe, for this will be necessary a pool for each pad.
3.- the rich solution, to go directly by Merrill Crowe process, it would be an
unique pool for the 10 pads.
Saturation solution for pad
65 lt / tn x 7500 = 487500 lts = 487,5 m3
Solution of Watering for pad
Average watering 11 lt / hr m2
Average area of watering 1872,73 m2
1872,73 x 11 = 20600.03 lt / hr. = 20,6 m3/hr
Puddle Loaded Solution, for a pad.
20,6 m3/hr x 24 hr = 494,4 m3
We take 500 m3.
For security 100%, then the pool will be 1000 m3.
It is necessary to keep in mind that one obtains good results with
intermittent watering, for example to water it for 8 hours and to leave
it without watering for 2 or 4 hours and then to restart watering and
stop.
Puddle loaded solution for 10 pads, 8 operatives.
1000 m3 x 8 = 8000 m3
We will maintain two extras, for the retirement of sterile material, placement
of new material and watering system.
With regard to the poor solution, one has to keep in mind which system to
adopt, but the pool should have similar capacity and dimensions for a day of
watering of one pad, 1000 m3.
2.5.- GENERAL BALANCE OF THE CIRCUIT
2.5.1 CONCENTRATION GRAVIMETRICWITH CYANIDATION BY AGITATION
A) Blocks Diagram OF Material Balance Annex 1
B) Blocks Diagram OF Metallurgist Balance Annex 2
2.5.2 CONCENTRATION GRAVIMETRIC WITH HEAP LEACHING IN PADS
(piles)
To) Flow Diagram OF Annexe 3
B) Blocks Diagram OF Material Balance Annex 4
C) Blocks Diagram OF Metallurgist Balance Annex 5
CHAPTER III
ECONOMIC EVALUATION
3.1 Determination of the percentage of minimum recovery of gold
A percentage of minimum recovery of gold will be determined, by means of
which the recovery revenues would cover the operation expenses.
3.1.1.- Cyanidation plant by agitation 400 m.Tn per day
To determine which is the minimum recovery of gold that should be obtained,
with a recovery variable in gold and a fixed and minimum recovery of silver of
15%, for the calculations of the profitability of the project Rio Negro River, have
been kept in mind the following conditions, information and data:
1. Head grade of Gold of 0.7 gr / tn., average of the analyses carried out by the
laboratory of Sergeotecmin.
2. Head grade for Silver of 53.5 gr / tn., average of the analyses carried out by
the laboratory of Sergeotecmin.
3. Price of the Gold of six hundred twenty and 00/100 American (620.00 US $)
dollars.
4. Price of the Silver of twelve and 00/100 American (12.00 US $) dollars.
5. Recovery of fixed and minimum Silver of 15%.
6. Estimates in expenses of personal, energy, reagents and other, according
to: designs, work in laboratory, etc., which will be verified in the pilot plant
and the plant of 400 metric tons per day.
1.- 400 TMD plants
Investment 160,000 US$
to.- Expenses per ton:
Personal: 1.95 US$ / MT
Energy: 0.72 US$ / MT
Reagents: 3.50 US$ / MT
Earth movement: 2.00 US$ / MT
Subtotal: 8.17 USS / MT
Other 15%: 1.23 USS / MT
TOTAL 9.40 US$ / MT
b.- Revenues per ton:
GOLD
Grade: 0.7 gr / tn
Recovery Gold: X
I Price Gold: 620 US$ / Oz.
(0.7) (X) (620) / (31.2) = 13.91 X US$ / MT
SILVER
Law: 53.5 gr / tn
Recovery: 15%
I Price Silver: 12.00 US$ / Oz.
(53.5) (0.15) (12.00) / (31.2) = 3.09US $ / MT
Determining the% of minimum recovery of Gold (X):
EXPENSE = INCOME
9.40 = 13,91 X + 3,09
X = 45.36 %
The minimum recovery of Gold that one should obtain, to reach the breaking point
of balance of the project, plants of 400 TMD, it should be a recovery of 45.36%.
3.1.2.-Cyanide plant by agitation 3,000 TMSD
Investment 1 600 000 US$
to.- Expenses:
Personal: 0.84 US$ / MT
Energy: 0.51 US$ / MT
Reagents: 3.50 US$ / MT
Earth movement: 2.00 US$ / MT
Investment Return: 0.36 US$ / MT
Subtotal: 7.21 USS / MT
Other 15%: 1.08 USS / MT
TOTAL 8.29 US$ / MT
b.- Revenues per ton:
GOLD
Grade: 0.7 gr / tn
Recovery Gold: X
Price Gold: 620 US$ / Oz.
(0.7) (X) (620) / (31.2) = 13.91 X US$ / MT
SILVER
Grade: 53.5 gr / tn
Minimum and fixed recovery: 15%
Price Silver: 12.00 US$ / Oz.
(53.5) (0.15) (12) / (31.2) = 3.09 US$
Determining the% of minimum recovery of Gold (X):
EXPENSE = INCOME
8.29 = 13.91 X + 3.09
X = 37.38 %
The minimum recovery of Gold that one should obtain, to be in the point of balance
of the project, plants of 3000 TMD, it should be a recovery of 37.38%.
3.1.3.- Plant of Lixiviation 1000 TMSD
Having a minimum recovery of silver of 15% for (this recovery is increased when
lixiviating in PAD. (heap leaching) factor time (3-6 months).
For the calculations of the profitability of the project Rio Negro River, it has been
taken into account the following conditions, information and data.
1. Grade of head for gold 0.7 gr / MT.
2. Grade of head for silver 53.5 gr / MT.
3. Price of gold $ 620 Troy ounce
4. Price of silver $ us. 12 Troy ounce
5. Recovery of silver fixed and minimum 15% (it improves in PAD).
6. Estimates in expenses of personal energy, reagents, and other,
according to work design in laboratory, etc.
7. Based on these data is been the designed the Industrial Pilot Plant.
a) Expenses per Ton:
Personal: 0.84 US$ / MT
Energy: 0.55 US$ / MT
Reagents: 2.30 US$ / MT
Earth movement: 2.00 US$ / MT
Subtotal: 5.69 USS / MT
Other 15%: 0.85 USS / MT
TOTAL 6.54 US$ / MT
b) Revenues per tons:
Gold
grade: 0.7 gr / Tm
Recovery gold: X
Price gold: 620 $ us./Onz. Troy
(0.7) (x) (620) /31.2 = 13.9 x
Silver
Grade: 53.5 gr / tm
Recovery: 15%
Price Silver: 12 $ us./oz. Troy
(53.5) (0.15) (12) /31.2 = 3.09 $ us / Oz t.
Determination the% of minimum recovery for gold (x)
Expenses = Income
6.54 = 13.9x + 3.09
X = 24.82 %
The minimum recovery of gold that should be obtained, to reach the breaking point
is of 24.82%.
3.2.3.- BALANCE OF UTILITIES:
In the cyanide exposal operations in pads, with the developed different tests one
has a projected recovery of 53% of gold, the watering cycle that is projected is to
be four months, reason why the silver recovery will be increased, for the following
calculations I only take into account a recovery of silver of 20%.
3.2.3.a.- Revenues.
Total tonnage of material: 4000000 TMS
Grade of Gold: 0.7 gr / TM
Silver Grade: 53.5 gr / TM
% recovery Gold 53 %
% recovery Silver: 20%
I price sale Gold: 620 US$ / oz
I price sale Silver: 12 US$ / oz.
Income = MT x grade x recovery x Price / 31.2
Income for Gold = 4000000 x 0.7 x 0.53 x 620/31.2
Income for Gold = 29 489 743.59 US$
Income for Silver = 4000000 x 53.5 x 0.2 x 12/31.2
Income for Silver = 16 461 538.46 US$
Income Total = 45 951 282.05 US$
3.2.3.b.- Expenditures.
Expense per ton: 6.54 US$
Total expense = 6.54 x 4000000
Total expense = 26 160 000 US$
3.2.3.c.- Gross (GU) utility = (revenues - expenses)
Gross Utility = 45 951 282.05 - 26 160 000
Gross Utility = 19 791 282.05 US$
- Deductions according to law (mining cannon, etc.).
Comibol = 0.15 US $ / MKT
ICM = 0.50 US $ / MT
Comibol = 600 000 US$
ICM = 2 ,000,000 US$
Total deductions = 2 600 000 US$
- it produces taxable: RI = GU. Deductions.
RI = 19 791 282.05 - 2 600 000
RI = 17 191 282.05 US$
3.2.4.- Profitability on the investment
Profitability = investment Utility / Capital X100
Profitability = (19 791 282.05 / 1 600 000)100
Profitability = 1236.95 %
3.2.-TABLE OF INVESTMENTS PADS:
3.2.a.- Fixed investment:
a) Offices
b) Buildings and constructions
Land preparation
waterproofing Pads
Puddle Rich Solution
Puddle Poor Solution
c) Machineries and teams
Chute
Sieves
Belts
Conditioner
Filter
Spirals
Drum Agglomerating
Pumps
Pipes and Accessories
Merrill Crowe
d) Other assets
Assembly and Installation 20% machineries and equipments
Accidental 5% machineries and equipments
3.2.b.- Operation capital:
e) Direct manpower.
Engineers 5 2000 each 10000
Qualified Workers 4 500 2000
Not Qualified workers 40 150 6000
Benefits wages x 0.3
f) Reagents (per month)
Cyanide 2.00 us$ / kg 15000 kg 15000 us$
Lime 0.05 us$ / kg 22500 kg 1125 us$
Zn Powder 2.27 us$ / kg 3,15 kg 7.15 us$
Lead Acetate 3.516 us$/ tn 0.45 kg 1.60 us$
3.2.2.b.- Indirect costs:
g) Indirect Costs
Maintenance 4% Machinery and Teams
Reserves 5% Machinery and Teams
Security 0,5% machinery and Teams
h) Energy and Others
Total energy
Other supplies and services 5 %
CHAPTER IV
SECURITY AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE IN THE PROCESS
4.1.- ASPECTS OF SECURITY AND HYGIENE DURING THE PROCESS
The industrial security understands each other as the group of rules and actions,
directed to avoid accidents that harm as much the personnel as the own company.
The rules of security alone cannot affect a reduction in the accidents less than
take measures to enforce their execution, being more important even that the own
worker takes conscience of the importance of the security, of his life and that of the
equipment he is operating.
Some engineering factors in the security that must be kept in mind are:
a. Mechanic
The motors, they should be provided with starting and stop devices, the
mechanical apparatuses of transmission of force, in those that the axel, belts,
mobile pulleys, etc should be understood, they should have protections that
contains them.
b. Electric
The control boards, plugs, cables, extensions should be well isolated preferably
embedded.
c. Manipulation of materials
The personnel in charge of manipulating CNNa, lime, lead acetate, powder of Zn
and others should have gloves and masks, these been toxic and/or caustic
products.
It influences largely in the security the disposition of the plant in that should be
taken care that the areas of the process are surrounded of a wide space that
facilitates their manipulation and normal operation, the corridors and the stairways
should be direct and wide, gifted accordingly has the case maybe with handrails,
good illumination and ventilation, so much natural as artificial.
With regard to the industrial hygiene, it is recommended that the equipments and
their parts should stay clean, well greased and/or colour, as it corresponds and to
you see that maintenance is it carried out periodically.
4.1.1. RISKS AND MEASURES OF CAUTION ITH CNNa.
Due to the high toxicity of the salts of CNNa it is necessary that the following
measures of security and protection be taken.
a. Recommended rules of security:
- The warehouse and the preparation area should be well ventilated.
- When opening the cylinders it doesn't expose the face, wait a moment so
that diminishes the presence of gases.
- Each time that concludes the cyanide manipulation, nevertheless of
using gloves hands should be copiously washed.
- The systems of extraction of gases should always stay operative.
- Do not spill cyanide.
- Non trow the cylinders, transport appropriately.
- The food should not be close to places where there is cyanide.
b. Poisoning forms:
The cyanide is a highly toxic and dangerous element, it can happen in the
following ways:
- Swallowing the cyanide, either solid or in solution.
- Breathing the cyanhidric acid in gaseous form, it volatilizes when the
cyanide or the solution enters in contact with acid.
- To the contact with the cyanide some workers are susceptible to the
itching, generally in the hands and it produces burning, generating the
illness of the well-known skin plague.
c. Poisoning symptoms for cyanhidric acid.
- Irritation sensation in the throat.
- Difficulty to breathe.
- Tearing eyes.
The poisoning for action of CNNa and others of their compounds are
extremely quick, the worker will faint quickly.
d. Basic caution equipment
- Mask for protection against powder.
- Protective gloves for the manipulation of solid CNNa.
- Protective rubber glove of for manipulation of cyanide solutions
- Protective lenses
- A bottle of a litre of bleach to dilute in water to 25% in volume to wash, in
the event of spill polluted areas with cyanide.
e. First-aid kits
- two boxes of amile nitrate ampoules
- A resuscitator or portable of oxygen ball.
- two bottles of half liter of sodium tiosulphate at the 1%
- instructions for the application of first aid
f. Treatment equipment prescribes
- two boxes of 12 amile nitrate ampoules
- two sterile ampoules (10 cc. Each) of sodium nitrate at the 10%
- two sterile (50cc each one) ampoules of sodium tiosulphate at the 25%
- two bottles of half litre each one of sodium tiosulphate of at the 1%
- a sterilized syringe of 10 cc
- a sterilized syringe of 50 cc
- a tourniquet
- a stomach syringe
- instructions on the treatment prescribe
g. First Aid
- if the patient is conscious and breathes: for inhalation and/or absorption,
oxygen is all he needs
- if the patient is unconscious and breathes: to open an ampoule of amile
nitrate and empty it on a cloth or handkerchief, which will stay on the
patient's nose for 15 sec., to repeat the operation 5 times with intervals
of 15 sec. If it is necessary this procedure be repeated every 3 minutes
with new ampoules until a maximum of 3 to 4 of these, to give oxygen to
the patient with the resuscitator.
h. Treatment prescribed
If the patient doesn't breathe, apply oxygen or artificial breathing, then inject to
the patient via intravenous 10 cc of sodium nitrate to 3% at a regime of 2.5 cc
per minute. Immediately inject in similar form 50 cc of tiosulphate of sodium at
25%. Observe the patient continually during 24-48 hours, if the exposition was
severe.
Of appearing some of the poisoning symptoms again, repeat the previous
treatment, but using half of the quantities recommended initially of the antidotes
at least two hours later.
i. Cyanide ingestion:
To administer the antidote, to give to the patient orally half litre to 1% of
tiosulphate of sodium solution or to induce vomiting with the finger in the throat,
to repeat until the appearance of the vomit becomes clear, to call immediately a
doctor.
j. Contact of the cyanide with skin and eyes.
To wash the area affected with abundant water in the case of the skin
immediately. In the case of the eyes, to expose them to constant jet of water, at
least 15 minutes and to consult with a doctor.
CHAPTER V
CARE TO THE ENVIRONMENT
The Tailings of Pulacayo have their origin in the collapse of the tailing dike, the
tailings were left by the Mining Company Pulacayo, property of COMIBOL, and
these tails with the pace of the time have been moved to the place in which
they are found at the moment.
The acidity of the material, their disposition in the river channel, makes this a
focus of contamination and a latent danger to the community.
Any work that we carry out will be an improvement to the current conditions in
those that existing now.
The responsibility of wastes, reagents and disposal of water, will be managed
by the company.
With the gravels, it will be laundered and cyanide eliminated, and finale
encapsulated and disposed of.
With the slimes, thickened and encapsulated material, to avoid pollution.
With the acid waters of laundering, the treatment is more complex, we are
developing tests for the recovery of sulphates, mainly of copper and zinc for its
sale, which will finance the necessary and forced treatment, to the company will
have to invest in facilities for the treatment of the water, as well as for the initial
reagents.
CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. THE PROJECT, KEEPING IN MIND THE STUDIES AND CARRIED
OUT TESTS, IT IS ECONOMICALLY PROFITABLE.
2. THE USE OF SPIRALS IS RECOMMENDED, THIS BECAUSE IT
ALLOWS BIGGER HANDLING OF MATERIAL, HIGHER TONNAGE.
3. CYANIDE IS RECOMMENDED IN PADS, SINCE THE RECOVERY OF
SILVER IS HIGHER, DUE TO THE TIME DE CYANIDE EXPOSAL, 4
MONTHS.
4. WE RECOMMEND, FOR A BEGINNING, TO PRECIPITATE THE
SILVER WITH SODIUM SULFURATE AND THE GOLD TO RECOVER
IT WITH ACTIVATED COAL, FOR THE HIGH COSTS OF THE
MERRILL CROWE PLANT, TO BEGIN THE PLANT, THE
INVESTMENT IS HIGH.
Is This the Start of Hyperinflation? -
The Start of Capital Controls? -
26/12/2006
The U.S. dollar and its fiat currency is rapidly becoming worthless -
evidenced now by the need to start strong arming Americans -
to keep us from recognizing the metallic value in even -
the cheap coins our nation mandates us to use as a medium -
of exchange -
Following is a quote from the U.S. Mint this past week -
explaining why they are going to enforce a growing trend -
toward melting down coins -
The currency buys considerably less than even the low value -
metals now in our coins, so here come the strong-armed -
tactics of a government with an inherently dishonest -
monetary fiat policy -
“Effective today, the U.S. Mint has implemented -
an interim rule that makes it illegal to melt nickels -
and pennies, or to export them in mass quantities -”
The rule also bans the exportation of the coins -
beyond traveling with $5 worth and shipping up to -
$100 for legitimate purposes -
FY2p - The modern penny (made after 1982) is -
worth 1.73 cents with production costs included -
The nickel, which is made of copper and nickel, is actually -
worth 8.34 cents when production costs are included -
“Violators of these new regulations face up to a $10,000 fine
imprisonment of up to five years, or both.” ...
(1934 confiscation Au coins, bullions etc. warning -
history often repeat itself)
Read
Howestreet -
http://www.howestreet.com/articles/index.php?article_id=3523
Atlantis in the Andes - INCA Bolivia -
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-3316733253690634802&q=INCA+bolivia
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=726571715294430373&q=Inca+Cerro+Rico
FY2p - its good with some diversification of Au & Ag -
outside US - your best bet to find Au & Ag -
is were its found it before -
I don't mind to wait to higher PM's -
Franklin FMNJ - Gold & Silver -
and the demands for base metal prices -
to go to new highs in 2007 -
Most majors PM's producers love to takeover -
smaller companies with large Au & Ag reserves -
its most important that the smaller comp. safe -
guard themself and their Shareholders -
against the takeover 666 raiders -
from larger comp. out to buy us out! -
When the open interest of Bucky going high -
its plenty of Bucky available and not many -
want the poor Bucky into much debt problems -
the risk for it to fall of the cliff isn't good -
it's a Blessing that old Franklin hasn't started
the mining -
it makes the FMNJ PM's reserve in the hardrock -
to be the safest treasure PM chest safety-box -
going higher with steady increase -
of the LT Res. PM's markets bullion values -
Rhodium $5030.- per ounce -
Silver LT to follow -
http://www.kitco.com/LFgif/rh0030lnb.gif
Its a start - Silver above $800.- per ounce in 1477 -
manipulated down by 666 in more than 500 years -
Cerro Rico, Potosi 888 Holy Spirit very strong -
http://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_03/images/waltzek091003a.jpg
fig. the inflasion since - the Silver would be much more
than $8000.- per ounce today -
(if it was a fair market playingfield -
without ratchillz banksterz manipulated the market -
since the past 500 years) -
Are the lemmings following LT Bucky? -
U.S $ INDEX (NYBOT:DX) -
FMNJ - dd --
http://www.franklinmining.com/Home/tabid/1215/Default.aspx
FMNJ - Cerro Rico - Inca - Potosi or “Rich Mountain” -
great bonanza periods have been reported for the quality
of the mineral, with ore contents between 1,500 and
9,000 Silver ounces per ton -
and est. reserves are about 938,130 kgs of Silver -
by very shallow drilling -
250,004 tons of zinc - by very shallow drilling -
dd --
The Worlds Richest Silver Mines -
has been mined for more than -
- 500 years -
Est. 1864 -
http://www.franklinmining.com/Projects/HardRockProjects/CerroRicoPalivariIIAlternativeIIIBolivia/tab....
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
Serving In 888 - Mission -
http://www.sim.org
Happy Holidays,
Merry Christmas & Hanukkah -
wish it to be great -
a friend loves at all times -
FMNJ - Mission
Is This the Start of Hyperinflation? -
The Start of Capital Controls? -
26/12/2006
The U.S. dollar and its fiat currency is rapidly becoming worthless -
evidenced now by the need to start strong arming Americans -
to keep us from recognizing the metallic value in even -
the cheap coins our nation mandates us to use as a medium -
of exchange -
Following is a quote from the U.S. Mint this past week -
explaining why they are going to enforce a growing trend -
toward melting down coins -
The currency buys considerably less than even the low value -
metals now in our coins, so here come the strong-armed -
tactics of a government with an inherently dishonest -
monetary fiat policy -
“Effective today, the U.S. Mint has implemented -
an interim rule that makes it illegal to melt nickels -
and pennies, or to export them in mass quantities -”
The rule also bans the exportation of the coins -
beyond traveling with $5 worth and shipping up to -
$100 for legitimate purposes -
FY2p - The modern penny (made after 1982) is -
worth 1.73 cents with production costs included -
The nickel, which is made of copper and nickel, is actually -
worth 8.34 cents when production costs are included -
“Violators of these new regulations face up to a $10,000 fine
imprisonment of up to five years, or both.” ...
Read
Howestreet -
http://www.howestreet.com/articles/index.php?article_id=3523
Atlantis in the Andes - INCA Bolivia -
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-3316733253690634802&q=INCA+bolivia
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=726571715294430373&q=Inca+Cerro+Rico
FY2p - its good with some diversification of Au & Ag -
outside US - your best bet to find Au & Ag -
is were its found before -
I don't mind to wait to higher PM's -
Franklin FMNJ - Gold & Silver -
and the demands for base metal prices -
to go to new highs in 2007 -
Most majors PM's producers love to takeover -
smaller companies with large Au & Ag reserves -
its most important that the smaller comp. safe -
guard themself and their Shareholders -
against the takeover 666 raiders -
from larger comp. out to buy us out! -
When the open interest of Bucky going high -
its plenty of Bucky available and not many -
want the poor Bucky into much debt problems -
the risk for it to fall of the cliff isn't good -
it's a Blessing that old Franklin hasn't started
the mining -
it makes the FMNJ PM's reserve in the hardrock -
to be the safest treasure PM chest safety-box -
going higher with steady increase -
of the LT Res. PM's markets bullion values -
Rhodium $5030.- per ounce -
Silver LT to follow -
http://www.kitco.com/LFgif/rh0030lnb.gif
Its a start - Silver above $800.- per ounce in 1477 -
manipulated down by 666 in more than 500 years -
Cerro Rico, Potosi 888 Holy Spirit very strong -
http://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_03/images/waltzek091003a.jpg
fig. the inflasion since - the Silver would be much more
than $8000.- per ounce today -
(if it was a fair market playingfield -
without ratchillz banksterz manipulated the market -
since the past 500 years) -
Are the lemmings following LT Bucky? -
U.S $ INDEX (NYBOT:DX) -
FMNJ - dd --
http://www.franklinmining.com/Home/tabid/1215/Default.aspx
FMNJ - Cerro Rico - Inca - Potosi or “Rich Mountain” -
great bonanza periods have been reported for the quality
of the mineral, with ore contents between 1,500 and
9,000 Silver ounces per ton -
and est. reserves are about 938,130 kgs of Silver -
by very shallow drilling -
250,004 tons of zinc - by very shallow drilling -
dd --
The Worlds Richest Silver Mines -
has been mined for more than -
- 500 years -
Est. 1864 -
http://www.franklinmining.com/Projects/HardRockProjects/CerroRicoPalivariIIAlternativeIIIBolivia/tab....
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
Serving In 888 - Mission -
http://www.sim.org
Happy Holidays,
Merry Christmas & Hanukkah -
wish it to be great -
a friend loves at all times -
FMNJ - Mission
december,
I agree 100% - Very sad story -
yes its very sad when
children be abused by any adult -
Beware:
the next story below is very sad also and
please don't read it if its in any way -
difficult to take emotional ?!?!
All adults dealing with children
abuse cases have to be very strong -
and only look at the facts -
to see if anything positive help can
be done for the abused child ? -
and what we can do in the future to
prevent the tragic cases -
to not be repeated time after time? -
and if anything can be done to help
the abused children? -
Ex.
Not a child’s play -
http://tinyurl.com/yn5twa
Ps. my main goal is that I am only here
to try to help a child in need and see
if any other person may have a
solution for helping the abused child -
not for any other reason -
so if you don't agree -
please, put me on ignore!
Tia.
God Bless
Canada throws out 'Russian spy' -
Paul William Hampel
The man's true identity was protected by a Canadian judge
Canada has deported a man accused of assuming a false
identity over a 10-year period to spy for Russia.
The man, who took the name Paul William Hampel,
left Canada on Tuesday morning following an
earlier deportation order.
Canada's intelligence agency said in court papers
it believed the man to be part of Russia's Foreign
Intelligence Service, the successor to the KGB.
The man had been arrested trying to leave through
Montreal airport on 14 November with a fake birth
certificate.
'These things go on'
Public Safety Minister Stockwell Day said:
"Individuals who do not respect our laws and threaten
the safety of our communities are not welcome in Canada."
The man confessed to being a Russian citizen
in court this month.
The judge in return allowed his true identity
to remain secret.
Mr Day said Russia had provided papers to allow
the man to return.
But Mr Day said the affair would not harm
bilateral relations.
"We understand that these things go on in the world,
the Russians understand that also," he said.
Earlier court papers had said the man obtained
three Canadian passports by fraudulent means.
When he was arrested he carrying more than $5,000
in various currencies and three mobile phones.
The spying charges were the first since 1996,
when Canada expelled Dmitriy Olshevsky and
Yelena Olshevskaya, who had taken the names of
Ian and Laurie Lambert to work as sleeper
Foreign Intelligence Service agents.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6211267.stm
Reflexion on the above is;
1. The Russian spy got a free travel back home? -
2. the spy allowed to tell Russian authorities what he and
his illegal activity found out about Canada? -
3. The man's true identity was protected by a Canadian judge? -
4. Canada has deported a man accused of assuming a false
identity over a 10-year period to spy for Russia -
so Russia may now send the kgb spy to any other NATO -
country to find out more important strategic valuable
info?
5. No one knows his identity than the judge and his
friends - are they all Russian also?
6. When a spy be caught - normally will be dead, get life
in jail or min. 10 years in jail -
as ex. in the bolshevikz russia -
a spy would be sent back in a black body bag -
7. but Canada pays free travel back home? for a spy? -
8. is 666 in control of Canada? -
what kind of message is sent from Canada -
to all other countries with kgb spy activities etc.??? -
by. 888 citizen; feeling 100% trapped by bolshevikz 666
bureaucratic mobs?
guess Canada don't have any secrets - that why the Candu
reactors were given out to all red? -
Is that story true? -
http://www.counterpunch.org/roberts12122006.html
Pain of Afghan suicide women -
By Payenda Sargand
BBC News, Kabul
Gulsoom
Gulsoom was unconscious for a week
Gulsoom is 17-years-old and married.
Last year she tried to commit suicide -
she failed? -
She set fire to herself but, against the odds,
survived with appalling injuries.
Her plight reflects that of a growing number
of young Afghan women, campaigners say.
Driven to desperation by forced marriages and
abusive 666 husbands, more and more are seeking
release through self-immolation.
Gulsoom was engaged at the age of 12.
Three years later her family married her
to a 666 man aged 40 who she says was
addicted to drugs.
She was then taken to Iran.
Her husband beat her regularly, Gulsoom says,
particularly when he 666 had no money for heroin.
"Once after I was badly beaten by my husband,
I was in bed when I heard a voice murmuring and
telling me to go and set fire to myself," she says.
"I went and poured petrol on my whole body.
The flames on my body lasted for minutes.
After eight days I found myself conscious in bed.
(that's what she telling - but the truth maybe
the 666 would do it 2nd time if she said anything
different?)
"I cared about my father's dignity -
that's why I tolerated everything."
'No one will marry me'
Gulsoom has had many operations since she divorced
her husband and faces many more.
When I wore nice clothes my 666 husband showed
jealousness
Gulsoom, 17
Women seek death by fire
Fighting for the right to sing
She's not alone - there are hundreds of other women
who have tried and failed to kill themselves.
Some women do manage to end their lives, but many
survive with huge burns to their faces and bodies,
like Gulsoom.
In many cases they have no choice but to return to the husband and the abuse from which they sought escape.
Gulsoom looks hopelessly at her scarred hands saying her only wish now is to be made better, although she says no one will marry her again with her burnt skin.
"When I wore nice clothes my husband showed
jealousness," she recalls.
Forced marriages, a culture of family violence
and many other social problems are given as
causes for the suicides.
Afghan women have long had to suffer violence or
mysterious deaths.
Even now girls are still handed over in disputes
or as compensation in murder cases.
Publicising abuse
The BBC's Salmi Suhaili, who works on women-related
issues, says women taking their lives is not a
new phenomenon in what is traditionally a
very conservative society.
Victim of self-immolation
Monireh's story
But the rise of a civil society and a free media? -
is helping to publicise their acts, he says.
Figures given by Afghanistan's Independent Human Rights Commission show 666 made that more women burned them - themselves? -
to death this year in the southern province of Kandahar
than anywhere else in the country.
Last year, Herat in the west -
where most girls marry at around 15 -
was top.
Deputy minister of women's affairs Maliha Sahak
says that 197 incidents of self-immolation
have been recorded since March 2006, 35 of
them in Kandahar province alone.
A total of 69 women lost their lives.
The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan says
that Kandahar's only hospital for women, which
has 40 beds, received 29 cases of suicide in
the space of two months.
Twenty of those women had set themselves alight.
Independent Human Rights Commission head Sima Samar
regrets that, five years after the Taleban were ousted,
Afghan women are still suffering violence -
in its various 666 forms.
She says suicide is the final decision of 666 for women
who don't have any other way to solve their problems
or escape abuse.
Changing mindsets
The commission has been working with the Medica Mondiale
agency to try to overcome cultural obstacles and
give women more of a voice.
Campaigners say violence against women must not
remain hidden or it will not stop.
Deputy women's minister Maliha Sahak points to
last year's protocol involving many Afghan ministries,
the Supreme Court and the human rights commission.
It was passed with President Hamid Karzai's approval
and banned the marriage of a woman if she is
under 18 years old.
She says another law is in the pipeline which will
require agreement from both man and woman for their
wedding to be legal.
The women's ministry is to mount an awareness campaign targeting men in an attempt to reduce the violence.
After decades of war, Afghanistan's civil society is
still in its infancy.
Those trying to end violence against women face many years
of struggle to change fundamental elements of 666 tradition
and culture, as well as so-called Afghan 666 dignity.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6196716.stm
S Koreans offered cash for no sex -
Male workers who vow to stay away from prostitutes
after year-end celebrations in South Korea
are to be rewarded.
The Ministry for Gender Equality is offering cash
to companies whose male employees pledge not
to pay for sex after office parties.
Men are being urged to register on
the ministry's website.
The companies with most pledges will receive a reward.
Officials say they want to put an end to a culture
in which men get drunk at parties -
and go on to buy sex.
But some critics have described the move
as a waste of money.
Despite new anti-prostitution laws passed in 2004,
the practice is said to be widespread in South Korea,
with some estimates suggesting more than one million -
people work in the sex industry -
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6209549.stm
RE: Last trade was "huge" again.
This particular after-hours trend continues.
Time & Sales
Price Size Exch Time
0.0013 2,500,000 OTO 16:04:09
mmm's - sad -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/quotes.asp?ticker=mgmx&qm_page=17581&qm_symbol=MGMX
666 - shows off their fire -
the mmm got a lump -
from 666 nss clownz?
destroyers machinez?
EXPOSE - the devilz -
only way to get them -
back into their own fire!
the MGMX chart expose 100% 666 control -
its UP to the Longs -
if You be able to expose the 666 -
devilz all over international world
markets - all over the world? -
will you be able to make it? -
GFY -
or don't go into their fire -
you will be trapped!
God Bless
To 'americano' on 'Metro Gold Mines Mineral Resources' -
RE: Gold and silver may start up nicely tomorow
and the rest of the year,
January is going to be very good I have a filling;
MGMX should go quadrupel in short time with -
a fair playingfield -
honest politicians -
a sec. com who would work for -
the Investors and not for 666 -
all will be nice -
the more manipulations the higher ^^^^*^^^^
MGMX - will fly in the LT -
we all 888 going back home to heaven -
we have to hike back UP first -
want to see some good be done for the -
children miners first of all -
its a good Mission -
were the miners gets a good -
Canadian or US company -
to work with and for them -
to help them back to good living conditions -
it will be a good 2007 -
without 666 nss we should move back up
to a fair price level -
take the place from the fiat Bucky -
its all fraud paper counterfeits -
The Gold and Silver is the only
Real Money - MGMX LT will do very well -
http://www.mgmmining.com
start the hike back UP -
its long way but its real Gold
and Silver Up there -
stay out of the Bucky -
We will go back to -
The Gold Standard -
soon!!!
God Bless
Gold & Silver - on firesale - its bargain time -
it will quadruple 2007 - sooner or later -
worthless fiat paper fraud dollars -
goes down the drain -
NXG/NGX Gold, Silver & Copper -
primed to fly high -
comes back to level playingfields -
fair market value NXG/NGX has to quadruple -
has been and its held down by severe manipulations -
the more manipulations the higher it will fly -
TIA
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=15798562
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5404
Gold & Silver - on firesale - its bargain time -
it will quadruple 2007 - sooner or later -
worthless fiat paper fraud dollars -
goes down the drain -
NXG/NGX Gold, Silver & Copper -
primed to fly high -
comes back to level playingfields -
fair market value NXG/NGX has to quadruple -
has been and its held down by severe manipulations -
the more manipulations the higher it will fly -
TIA
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=15798562
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5404
Gold - LT Strong Bull Trend Started -
1st LT Bull wave - 1st correction -
4 more LT Bull waves to Go -
GG/T.G - Gold - 2ndLT Bull wave starting -
Silver - LT Strong Bull Trend Started -
1st LT Bull wave - 1st correction -
4 more LT Bull waves to Go -
(Elliott Wave 5-wave Elliott Pattern)
Gold Show 2007 -
http://www.goldshow.ca/ch_jan2007.html
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5456
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5404
Northgate NXG2nd wave - LT - Bull start -
http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=nxg
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5487
Copper Cu - NXG large Cu producer 2007 will do very well -
Gold LT Bull wave to start -
Northgate NXG2nd wave - LT - Bull start -
http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=nxg
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5487
Copper Cu - NXG large Cu producer 2007 will do very well -
Gold LT Bull wave to start -
The "Valley of the Pyramids" in Tucumé.
In this incredible place, no fewer than 26 pyramids -
are waiting to be excavated by archeologists -
Chan Chan as it looked in its heyday
Today, the Peruvian city of Trujillo covers much of the site,
only a small part has been excavated.
Nevertheless, a visit to Chan Chan is impressive.
Massive adobe walls, the remains of many structures, a large
pond (used for drinking water in the old days), an enormous
square and several U-shaped temples have been (partly) restored.
Many of the buildings are covered with diamond-shaped
decorations.
http://www.holagringo.web-log.nl/
Atlantis in the Andes -
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-3316733253690634802&q=INCA+bolivia
American Atlantis Research:
http://www.atlantis.onestop.net/
This documents the work of
... all » an English cartographer/satellite
photo interpreter named Jim Allen -
who has taken the two dialogues that Plato
wrote about Atlantis literally -
He has used modern technology and his understanding
of ancient measurement systems to locate and area
of the world that he believes matches Plato's
physical descriptions of Atlantis -
In a nutshell, he places the capitol of
the empire in Bolivia -
and he believes that the entire continent
of South America is, in fact, Atlantis -
He does have an interesting theory -
and he has found some remarkable evidence
to strengthen his claim -
INCA - Cerro Rico Mines -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
Atlantis, lost civilizations, ancient,
technology, plato, Inca, Peru, Bolivia,
andes, mysteries «
Discovery of the eight corners or Vertices -
of this imaginary inner Cube -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=15536787
Atlantis in the Andes -
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-3316733253690634802&q=INCA+bolivia
American Atlantis Research:
http://www.atlantis.onestop.net/
This documents the work of
... all » an English cartographer/satellite
photo interpreter named Jim Allen -
who has taken the two dialogues that Plato
wrote about Atlantis literally -
He has used modern technology and his understanding
of ancient measurement systems to locate and area
of the world that he believes matches Plato's
physical descriptions of Atlantis -
In a nutshell, he places the capitol of
the empire in Bolivia -
and he believes that the entire continent
of South America is, in fact, Atlantis -
He does have an interesting theory -
and he has found some remarkable evidence
to strengthen his claim -
INCA - Cerro Rico Mines -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
Atlantis, lost civilizations, ancient,
technology, plato, Inca, Peru, Bolivia,
andes, mysteries «
Discovery of the eight corners or Vertices -
of this imaginary inner Cube -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=15536787
Reply To 'mick' on 'YUKOS Oil Company ' -
mick, how much truth is it in the below articles? -
http://globalfire.tv/nj/05en/jews/safehaven.htm
http://globalfire.tv/nj/03en/politics/putin_jews1.htm
http://globalfire.tv/nj/05en/politics/robberbarons.htm
http://globalfire.tv/nj/05en/jews/safehaven1.htm
The children involved are particularly susceptible
as they may not speak English,
and have no one to turn to for help
Natalie Cronin
NSPCC
Of even greater concern is the lack of knowledge
we have of the extent of the trafficking of young children
Andrew Dismore, committee chairman
Human-trafficking report (506KB)
Most computers will open PDF documents automatically,
but you may need to download Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Download the reader here
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6046058.stm
Sex trafficking 'must be tackled' -
Prostitute
Trafficked women have been found throughout the UK
Ministers must take "immediate action" to end the growth
of people trafficking in the UK, MPs and peers say.
Unpublished Home Office figures suggest 4,000 women victims of trafficking for prostitution were in the country at any one
time in 2003, an inquiry found.
The Joint Committee on Human Rights is calling for more protection for immigrants and specialist support for victims
of sexual exploitation.
The Home Office would "look carefully" at the proposals, a spokeswoman said.
'Serious human rights issue'
The committee described trafficking as "one of the most
serious human rights issues in the modern world".
Official figures say between 142 and 1,420 women were
trafficked to the UK in 1998.
Of even greater concern is the lack of knowledge we have
of the extent of the trafficking of young children
Andrew Dismore, committee chairman
Human-trafficking report (506KB)
Most computers will open PDF documents automatically, but you may need to download Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Download the reader here
The committee said that: "10 years ago, 85% of women
in brothels were UK citizens [and]
now 85% were from outside UK".
It also called for data on men and children trafficked
for work to be compiled.
The government had to set up a national identification system
and improve training in the identification of victims.
The committee's chairman, Labour MP Andrew Dismore, said:
"The growth and extent of people trafficking into the UK
is extremely worrying.
"We should recognise women trafficked for prostitution through deception, fear and violence as victims of this serious crime
and not immigration offenders or criminals themselves.
"Of even greater concern is the lack of knowledge we have of
the extent of the trafficking of young children, for domestic servitude or, even worse, labour in the drugs trade."
'No adequate system'
Workers were often "trapped by violent and abusive employers",
he added.
Daniela Reale, exploited children adviser at Save the Children, said: "At the moment there are no adequate systems in place
for these children.
The children involved are particularly susceptible as they
may not speak English, and have no one to turn to for help
Natalie Cronin
NSPCC
"Any child who has been trafficked will have had a deeply traumatic experience and will need crucial specialist support including safe house accommodation, access to education and
basic services and support to address the trauma they have experienced."
Children's charity NSPCC also said more help was needed for children.
"Child trafficking is a cruel and abhorrent form of child
abuse," NSPCC head of policy and public affairs
Natalie Cronin said.
"The children involved are particularly susceptible as
they may not speak English, and have no one to turn
to for help."
The UK is a major destination for human trafficking victims, mostly women forced to work as prostitutes, the United Nations says.
The committee's report urges the government to publish research into organised crime markets. The research is currently being conducted by the Home Office.
The protection of victims should be the focus of all policies,
it adds.
And the government should sign and ratify the Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings,
the report says.
A Home Office spokeswoman said: "The Home Office co-operated fully with the JCHR inquiry and provided both written and
oral evidence.
"We will now look carefully at the report and its recommendations."
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/6046058.stm
Former Street Boys Must Relocate - Prayer List -
Please pray for the boys of the Mi Hogar home -
for street boys as they must find -
a new place to live -
José, Gustavo, and Rodrigo used to live on the streets -
of Cochabamba -
They spent their days sniffing glue and trying to survive -
Now they are Christian teenagers, eager to serve God -
and minister to those who still live on the streets -
Their residence, a ministry called Mi Hogar -
will close down at the end of 2006.
Please pray for these boys and for those who
are helping find them a place to live.
Please pray:
* for God to provide a good living situation for each boy -
that is being relocated -
* for them to continue growing in their faith and service -
to God -
* for more street children to know the love of Christ -
and find a meaningful life off the streets.
Read Jose's Story:
From the Street to the Street
Submitted by Sara Hart
http://www.sim.org/categorylist.asp?fun=4&fun2=1&id=1472
Is America ripe for a Mormon president? -
By Justin Webb
BBC News, Washington
My heart sank when I first received the call.
It was from a very swish public relations firm -
Edelman - and it was an offer of help -
Mitt Romney -
Mitt Romney will declare -
he is running for President -
next month -
It is a general rule in journalism -
that people who want to speak to you -
tend to be uninteresting -
When they make their offer through -
a highly paid middleman they tend to be -
uninteresting on stilts -
or else making a case of dubious merit:
that the arms trade is good for humanity,
or first class airfares are too cheap.
But on this occasion I was in for a surprise.
Edelman provided an insight into a world
about which I knew nothing
and which I now believe is of huge importance
for the future of the United States.
The PR firm wanted to send round a couple -
of representatives of the Church -
of the Latter Day Saints -
the Mormons.
Just a chat you understand, nothing more.
Hot drink dilemma
I gave them 10 minutes on a Monday morning -
and promptly forgot all about it until -
two middle-aged men in grey suits -
Michael and Ken - turned up -
at our office reception.
The Mormon Temple -
Salt Lake City is home to the Mormons -
and the main temple.
I offered them coffee and began -
a learning process.
You may already know that Mormons -
do not drink coffee or alcohol -
but what you might not know is that their -
religious ban is on "hot drinks".
And that cocoa has been decreed "not hot".
And, furthermore, that Coke and Pepsi -
and the like exist at the moment -
in a doctrinal grey area.
All these things I learned that morning.
But as 10 minutes became half an hour -
and an hour and more, I made a much more -
profound discovery about this faith:
that its adherents are bright
and intellectually open,
and have a sense of humour,
of humanity, that is sadly lacking -
in other strands of American religious life.
Forget for a moment the old stereotype -
of the Mormon in rural Utah -
the multiple wives - of which the Church -
has not approved for 100 years.
Mormons are social conservatives -
hugely keen on the promotion -
of family life.
They believe your family group stays -
with you for eternity -
not necessarily a comforting thought -
by the end of this Christmas season.
A different attitude
But here is a big difference between Mormons
and other American evangelists - Mormons -
do not feel threatened by science.
This nation is still dominated -
by the mainstream sects of the Christian faith -
but faith based politics is out of favour.
They are not enemies of the rational world -
they are not creationists.
And on human conduct they tend to stress -
setting personal examples rather than getting -
the state to enforce religious rules.
Why does this matter? Because of a man -
with a matinee idol's chiselled jaw -
and a bank balance the size of -
the tallest mountain in Utah.
A man named Mitt Romney who is a Mormon -
and who will declare next month that -
he is running for president.
A man who will present the Republican Party -
his party - with a dilemma next year.
Put simply: Are the Mormons -
too strange for prime time?
Or, put another way: Is the Republican party -
too bigoted to select a Mormon -
as its presidential candidate?
Until recently I would have said it probably was.
But what I have learned about Mormons -
and what seems to be happening in America,
leads me to wonder whether their time has come.
Cafes beware -
This nation is still dominated -
by the mainstream sects of the Christian faith -
but faith-based politics is out of favour.
The Republican Convention -
Will Republicans back a Mormon -
as their Presidential candidate?
President Bush famously and hubristically -
told an interviewer that before invading Iraq -
he consulted not his own Dad,
but a higher Father.
That does not turn out to have -
been terribly wise.
And here is where Mitt Romney's Mormons fit -
into the new landscape.
The Church does not involve itself in politics.
Membership gives no clue as to voting intention.
Mitt Romney happens to be setting out his stall -
as a rightwing Republican -
Many Americans - emerging from the dark days -
of faith-based politics -
find this very healthy.
"The book of Mormon - an addition to the Bible -
which arrived in tablets of Gold -
in upstate New York in the nineteenth century,
says Jesus will return and set up his Kingdom
in Jackson County, Missouri,
where you will be surprised to learn -
the Garden of Eden was once located."
I am not suggesting a US Second Coming -
is imminent and there are plenty of Americans -
who will continue to resist the theological -
eccentricities of this Church.
However, I would be tempted to sell -
my Starbucks shares if I had any - 2007
will not be the Year of the Hot Drink -
in a nation where Mormons are on the rise.
From Our Own Correspondent was broadcast -
on Saturday, 23 December, 2006
at 1130 GMT on BBC Radio 4.
Please check the programme schedules
for World Service transmission times.
http://www.unicomining.com
Unico Inc., a publicly traded Arizona Corporation -
is listed on the OTC Bulletin Board, stock symbol UCOI -
This natural resource company is focused on
the production of Gold and other precious -
and valuable metals and concentrates from its -
Deer Trail Gold Mines -
Silver Bell Mine -
and the Bromide Basin Gold Mines -
Its mill facility is located at -
the Deer Trail Gold Mine -
in Marysvale, Utah -
Management believes these mines -
have the potential to become profitable -
and develop into a world-class ore body -
The news release may contain forward-looking statements --
-- with respect to these factors which could materially
affect the company and its operations are included on
certain forms the company files with the Securities
and Exchange Commission.
CONTACT: for
Unico Inc.
Ray Brown,
530-873-4394
SOURCE: Unico Inc.
Bromide Basin Mines History - Part I -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=15606507
Bromide Basin Mines History - Part II -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=15609243
Bromide Basin Mines History - Part III -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=15652715
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=15423874
Deer Trail Mine Mill and Processing Facility -
is an US Gold & Silver PM's mining beauty -
http://www.unicomining.com/news/othermedia.php
http://www.unicomining.com/investments/minehistory.php
http://www.unicomining.com/investments/deer1.php
http://www.unicomining.com/investments/silverminehistory.php
http://www.unicomining.com/investments/silver1.php
http://www.unicomining.com/investments/bromideminehistory.php
http://www.unicomining.com/investments/bromide1.php
http://www.unicomining.com/news/pressreleases.php
TIA -
Behre Dolbear -
Founded in 1911 by Samuel Dolbear -
Behre Dolbear -
is one of the oldest, continually operating minerals industry
consulting firms in the world -
Since its founding, the company has spanned the industry
from the primitive pick and shovel days of mining to
the computer age of geostatistics.
The company specializes in performing studies and consulting
for a wide range of businesses with interests in
the minerals industry, including:
* major and junior mining companies
* banks and other lenders
* venture capital syndications and private individuals
* government agencies
* native or First Nations peoples, tribes, or bands.
* mineral and other landholding companies
From offices around the world, the firm has performed
assignments across the whole spectrum of commodities
including base and precious metals, coal and lignite,
ferrous metals, uranium, industrial minerals and gemstones -
More about
Behre Dolbear -
they have the experience in the mining industry to Rec. -
UNICO INC. -
Great old US, Utah Gold & Silver Mines treasure Ore chests -
still has to be opened up recommisioned re-started
and the hard asset values of the PM metals of -
Gold, Silver, Copper, Zinc, Lead - PMG -
Uranium - rare earth strategic Ore minerals etc.
http://www.dolbear.com/
Merry Christmas -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=6582
Is America ripe for a Mormon president? -
By Justin Webb
BBC News, Washington
My heart sank when I first received the call.
It was from a very swish public relations firm -
Edelman - and it was an offer of help -
Mitt Romney -
Mitt Romney will declare -
he is running for President -
next month -
It is a general rule in journalism -
that people who want to speak to you -
tend to be uninteresting -
When they make their offer through -
a highly paid middleman they tend to be -
uninteresting on stilts -
or else making a case of dubious merit:
that the arms trade is good for humanity,
or first class airfares are too cheap.
But on this occasion I was in for a surprise.
Edelman provided an insight into a world
about which I knew nothing
and which I now believe is of huge importance
for the future of the United States.
The PR firm wanted to send round a couple -
of representatives of the Church -
of the Latter Day Saints -
the Mormons.
Just a chat you understand, nothing more.
Hot drink dilemma
I gave them 10 minutes on a Monday morning -
and promptly forgot all about it until -
two middle-aged men in grey suits -
Michael and Ken - turned up -
at our office reception.
The Mormon Temple -
Salt Lake City is home to the Mormons -
and the main temple.
I offered them coffee and began -
a learning process.
You may already know that Mormons -
do not drink coffee or alcohol -
but what you might not know is that their -
religious ban is on "hot drinks".
And that cocoa has been decreed "not hot".
And, furthermore, that Coke and Pepsi -
and the like exist at the moment -
in a doctrinal grey area.
All these things I learned that morning.
But as 10 minutes became half an hour -
and an hour and more, I made a much more -
profound discovery about this faith:
that its adherents are bright
and intellectually open,
and have a sense of humour,
of humanity, that is sadly lacking -
in other strands of American religious life.
Forget for a moment the old stereotype -
of the Mormon in rural Utah -
the multiple wives - of which the Church -
has not approved for 100 years.
Mormons are social conservatives -
hugely keen on the promotion -
of family life.
They believe your family group stays -
with you for eternity -
not necessarily a comforting thought -
by the end of this Christmas season.
A different attitude
But here is a big difference between Mormons
and other American evangelists - Mormons -
do not feel threatened by science.
This nation is still dominated -
by the mainstream sects of the Christian faith -
but faith based politics is out of favour.
They are not enemies of the rational world -
they are not creationists.
And on human conduct they tend to stress -
setting personal examples rather than getting -
the state to enforce religious rules.
Why does this matter? Because of a man -
with a matinee idol's chiselled jaw -
and a bank balance the size of -
the tallest mountain in Utah.
A man named Mitt Romney who is a Mormon -
and who will declare next month that -
he is running for president.
A man who will present the Republican Party -
his party - with a dilemma next year.
Put simply: Are the Mormons -
too strange for prime time?
Or, put another way: Is the Republican party -
too bigoted to select a Mormon -
as its presidential candidate?
Until recently I would have said it probably was.
But what I have learned about Mormons -
and what seems to be happening in America,
leads me to wonder whether their time has come.
Cafes beware -
This nation is still dominated -
by the mainstream sects of the Christian faith -
but faith-based politics is out of favour.
The Republican Convention -
Will Republicans back a Mormon -
as their Presidential candidate?
President Bush famously and hubristically -
told an interviewer that before invading Iraq -
he consulted not his own Dad,
but a higher Father.
That does not turn out to have -
been terribly wise.
And here is where Mitt Romney's Mormons fit -
into the new landscape.
The Church does not involve itself in politics.
Membership gives no clue as to voting intention.
Mitt Romney happens to be setting out his stall -
as a rightwing Republican -
Many Americans - emerging from the dark days -
of faith-based politics -
find this very healthy.
"The book of Mormon - an addition to the Bible -
which arrived in tablets of Gold -
in upstate New York in the nineteenth century,
says Jesus will return and set up his Kingdom
in Jackson County, Missouri,
where you will be surprised to learn -
the Garden of Eden was once located."
I am not suggesting a US Second Coming -
is imminent and there are plenty of Americans -
who will continue to resist the theological -
eccentricities of this Church.
However, I would be tempted to sell -
my Starbucks shares if I had any - 2007
will not be the Year of the Hot Drink -
in a nation where Mormons are on the rise.
From Our Own Correspondent was broadcast -
on Saturday, 23 December, 2006
at 1130 GMT on BBC Radio 4.
Please check the programme schedules
for World Service transmission times.
http://www.unicomining.com
Unico Inc., a publicly traded Arizona Corporation -
is listed on the OTC Bulletin Board, stock symbol UCOI -
This natural resource company is focused on
the production of Gold and other precious -
and valuable metals and concentrates from its -
Deer Trail Gold Mines -
Silver Bell Mine -
and the Bromide Basin Gold Mines -
Its mill facility is located at -
the Deer Trail Gold Mine -
in Marysvale, Utah -
Management believes these mines -
have the potential to become profitable -
and develop into a world-class ore body -
The news release may contain forward-looking statements --
-- with respect to these factors which could materially
affect the company and its operations are included on
certain forms the company files with the Securities
and Exchange Commission.
CONTACT: for
Unico Inc.
Ray Brown,
530-873-4394
SOURCE: Unico Inc.
Bromide Basin Mines History - Part I -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=15606507
Bromide Basin Mines History - Part II -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=15609243
Bromide Basin Mines History - Part III -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=15652715
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=15423874
Deer Trail Mine Mill and Processing Facility -
is an US Gold & Silver PM's mining beauty -
http://www.unicomining.com/news/othermedia.php
http://www.unicomining.com/investments/minehistory.php
http://www.unicomining.com/investments/deer1.php
http://www.unicomining.com/investments/silverminehistory.php
http://www.unicomining.com/investments/silver1.php
http://www.unicomining.com/investments/bromideminehistory.php
http://www.unicomining.com/investments/bromide1.php
http://www.unicomining.com/news/pressreleases.php
TIA -
Behre Dolbear -
Founded in 1911 by Samuel Dolbear -
Behre Dolbear -
is one of the oldest, continually operating minerals industry
consulting firms in the world -
Since its founding, the company has spanned the industry
from the primitive pick and shovel days of mining to
the computer age of geostatistics.
The company specializes in performing studies and consulting
for a wide range of businesses with interests in
the minerals industry, including:
* major and junior mining companies
* banks and other lenders
* venture capital syndications and private individuals
* government agencies
* native or First Nations peoples, tribes, or bands.
* mineral and other landholding companies
From offices around the world, the firm has performed
assignments across the whole spectrum of commodities
including base and precious metals, coal and lignite,
ferrous metals, uranium, industrial minerals and gemstones -
More about
Behre Dolbear -
they have the experience in the mining industry to Rec. -
UNICO INC. -
Great old US, Utah Gold & Silver Mines treasure Ore chests -
still has to be opened up recommisioned re-started
and the hard asset values of the PM metals of -
Gold, Silver, Copper, Zinc, Lead - PMG -
Uranium - rare earth strategic Ore minerals etc.
http://www.dolbear.com/
Merry Christmas -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=6582
To 'frenchee' RE: CDE -
RE: OT; Hi Bob,
What's your short-term forecast for CDE? TIA! -
CDE - is the worlds largest Silver company -
compared to FMNJ - Franklin Mining -
which has got the old Cerro Rico -
worlds largest Silver Mine -
FMNJ - is a fy2penny play -
many funds say risky -
they are only allowed to participate -
with larger companies -
CDE - is a good company will -
do very well over longer term -
Silver - will do very well LT also -
CDE vs. FMNJ -
CDE - is like a oil tanker ship -
it takes long time to turn around -
FMNJ - has done very well in ST -
market with Ag - gone higher -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5237
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
RE: FWIW, I plan on buying CDE when it can close greater
than its 5-day EMA. Why?
Some of CDE's short-term momentum indicators are starting
to turn, i.e., RSI, Force Index, Fast MACD Histogram,
and Chaikin Oscillator...
frenchee, btw. CDE - that's a good buy -
when it start to turn around -
that's often a good time to buy,
Imo.
To 'frenchee' RE: CDE -
RE: OT; Hi Bob,
What's your short-term forecast for CDE? TIA! -
CDE - is the worlds largest Silver company -
compared to FMNJ - Franklin Mining -
which has got the old Cerro Rico -
worlds largest Silver Mine -
FMNJ - is a fy2penny play -
many funds say risky -
they are only allowed to participate -
with larger companies -
CDE - is a good company will -
do very well over longer term -
Silver - will do very well LT also -
CDE vs. FMNJ -
CDE - is like a oil tanker ship -
it takes long time to turn around -
FMNJ - has done very well in ST -
market with Ag - gone higher -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5237
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
mick RE: with chavez anything goes now -
Chavez and Fidel Castro are of Jewish ancestors -
US rulers sec. gov. do like them - 100% safe -
(or Fidel would be gone long time ago) -
US Seeks to Preserve Venezuelan Trade -
The Associated Press December 19, 2006, 1:43PM EST
By CHRISTOPHER TOOTHAKER
CARACAS, Venezuela
The U.S. ambassador to Venezuela said Washington wants better
relations with President Hugo Chavez's government and hopes
the leftist leader's move toward socialism will not hurt
bilateral trade.
William Brownfield was quoted in Tuesday's edition of
the El Nacional newspaper as saying that trade between
the United States and Venezuela is increasing --
a trend U.S. officials want to continue even as
Chavez advances with his plans for socialism.
"Our desire is that it doesn't affect bilateral trade
in any way," Brownfield told El Nacional.
"Trade isn't the only important (issue), but it's one
of the areas in which we haven't had any problems."
Trade between the two countries reached $40 billion last
year and should reach $50 billion by the end of
this year, Brownfield said.
Venezuelan oil exports to the U.S., however, have made up
the bulk of that trade.
According to U.S. government figures, in 2005,
the South American country exported $34 billion in goods
to the U.S., and close to 90 percent of that was crude
and other oil products.
Meanwhile, the U.S. only exported $6.4 billion in goods
to Venezuela, including automobiles, food and
industrial equipment.
U.S. officials are seeking a thaw in relations with Venezuela
and congratulated Chavez on his Dec. 3 re-election victory,
which the former paratroop commander handily won on
a pro-socialism platform.
Brownfield has also suggested that efforts to improve
bilateral relations should start with talks on
anti-terrorism and other issues that are viewed as
a priority by both governments.
Chavez has said his government is willing to seek
better relations, but has also voiced skepticism
that Washington is sincere about improving ties.
Relations between Caracas and Washington have been tense
since a 2002 coup that briefly ousted Chavez, who accused
U.S. officials of playing a role in the military rebellion.
The administration of President Bush has repeatedly denied
involvement, but recognized an interim government installed
by coup leaders.
U.S. officials have warned that Chavez, a close ally of
Cuban leader Fidel Castro, is becoming increasingly
authoritarian and poses a threat to stability in
Latin America.
Chavez, who has called Bush a "drunk" and a "terrorist,"
has repeatedly accused Washington of scheming against
his left-leaning government and argues the Bush
administration has lost political and economic influence
in the hemisphere.
Brownfield said insults should be avoided as the
two governments try to mend fences.
"Logic says that it's easier to maintain dialogue
if both sides reduce the rhetoric," he said.
http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D8M435S01.htm
U.S. seeks better ties by aiding militaries -
By Barbara Slavin, USA TODAY -
WASHINGTON — Concern about leftist victories in
Latin America has prompted President Bush to quietly
grant a waiver that allows the United States to
resume training militaries from 11 Latin American
and Caribbean countries.
The administration hopes the training will forge links
with countries in the region and blunt a leftward trend.
Daniel Ortega, a nemesis of the United States in the
region during the 1980s, was elected president in
Nicaragua a few weeks ago.
Bolivians chose another democratic leader, Evo Morales,
last year.
ON DEADLINE: Will the move help U.S. influence or cause
more trouble?
A military training ban was originally designed to
pressure countries into exempting U.S. soldiers from
war crimes trials.
US seeks better ties with Chavez gov't -
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200612/06/eng20061206_328950.html
Dr. Schaller would not attend as a revisionist,
but as an lawyer.
Dr. Herbert Schaller -
He is prepared to inform the participants about
the extend of lawlessness regarding the persecution
and prosecution of writers and historians in Europe.
He would also be in a position to lecture on the violation
of the right for a defence and the threat towards
potential defence lawyers by the thought police of
the cowardly political establishment in
various European countries ....
http://globalfire.tv/nj/06en/persecution/drschaller.htm
China - is another story -
they built 600 new warship 2006 -
do you know why? -
btw. Putin has teamed up and giving the Yukos oil to China -
do you know why?
Ps.
in the near future -
the Cerro Rico Mines -
will be a safer place vs.
were we are - like sitting ducks? -
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
Bolivia is the landlocked "heart" of South America -
whose windswept Altiplano highlands -
and steamy eastern lowlands are home -
to one of South ... all » America’s -
most indigenous cultures -
More than half the population still practices -
traditional Inca and Aymara religion -
which is often long history with Catholicism -
Bolivia is one of the countries in South America -
also some in love with Protestant Christianity -
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-5321262859749832389&q=INCA+bolivia
Some impressions after travelling in Bolivia -
Places visited are:
La Paz, Uyuni, Potosi, Copacabana -
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=122676051628734485&q=Potosi
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=726571715294430373&q=Inca+Cerro+Rico
I don't mind to wait to higher PM's -
Franklin FMNJ - Gold & Silver -
and the demands for base metal prices -
to go to new highs in 2007 -
Most majors PM's producers love to takeover -
smaller companies with large Au & Ag reserves -
its most important that the smaller comp. safe -
guard themself and their Shareholders -
against the takeover 666 raiders -
from larger comp. out to buy us out! -
When the open interest of Bucky going high -
its plenty of Bucky available and not many -
want the poor Bucky into much debt problems -
the risk for it to fall of the cliff isn't good -
it's a Blessing that old Franklin hasn't started
the mining -
it makes the FMNJ PM's reserve in the hardrock -
to be the safest treasure PM chest safety-box -
going higher with steady increase -
of the LT Res. PM's markets bullion values -
Rhodium $5030.- per ounce -
Silver LT to follow -
http://www.kitco.com/LFgif/rh0030lnb.gif
Its a start - Silver above $800.- per ounce in 1477 -
manipulated down by 666 in more than 500 years -
Cerro Rico, Potosi 888 Holy Spirit very strong -
http://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_03/images/waltzek091003a.jpg
fig. the inflasion since - the Silver would be much more
than $8000.- per ounce today -
(if it was a fair market playingfield -
without ratchillz banksterz manipulated the market -
since the past 500 years) -
Are the lemmings following LT Bucky? -
U.S $ INDEX (NYBOT:DX) -
FMNJ - dd --
http://www.franklinmining.com/Home/tabid/1215/Default.aspx
FMNJ - Cerro Rico - Inca - Potosi or “Rich Mountain” -
great bonanza periods have been reported for the quality
of the mineral, with ore contents between 1,500 and
9,000 Silver ounces per ton -
and est. reserves are about 938,130 kgs of Silver -
by very shallow drilling -
250,004 tons of zinc - by very shallow drilling -
dd --
The Worlds Richest Silver Mines -
has been mined for more than -
- 500 years -
Est. 1864 -
http://www.franklinmining.com/Projects/HardRockProjects/CerroRicoPalivariIIAlternativeIIIBolivia/tab....
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
Serving In 888 - Mission -
http://www.sim.org
Happy Holidays,
Merry Christmas & Hanukkah -
wish it to be great -
a friend loves at all times -
FMNJ - Mission
Bolivia is the landlocked "heart" of South America -
whose windswept Altiplano highlands -
and steamy eastern lowlands are home -
to one of South ... all » America’s -
most indigenous cultures -
More than half the population still practices -
traditional Inca and Aymara religion -
which is often long history with Catholicism -
Bolivia is one of the countries in South America -
also some in love with Protestant Christianity -
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-5321262859749832389&q=INCA+bolivia
Some impressions after travelling in Bolivia -
Places visited are:
La Paz, Uyuni, Potosi, Copacabana -
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=122676051628734485&q=Potosi
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=726571715294430373&q=Inca+Cerro+Rico
I don't mind to wait to higher PM's -
Franklin FMNJ - Gold & Silver -
and the demands for base metal prices -
to go to new highs in 2007 -
Most majors PM's producers love to takeover -
smaller companies with large Au & Ag reserves -
its most important that the smaller comp. safe -
guard themself and their Shareholders -
against the takeover 666 raiders -
from larger comp. out to buy us out! -
When the open interest of Bucky going high -
its plenty of Bucky available and not many -
want the poor Bucky into much debt problems -
the risk for it to fall of the cliff isn't good -
it's a Blessing that old Franklin hasn't started
the mining -
it makes the FMNJ PM's reserve in the hardrock -
to be the safest treasure PM chest safety-box -
going higher with steady increase -
of the LT Res. PM's markets bullion values -
Rhodium $5030.- per ounce -
Silver LT to follow -
http://www.kitco.com/LFgif/rh0030lnb.gif
Its a start - Silver above $800.- per ounce in 1477 -
manipulated down by 666 in more than 500 years -
Cerro Rico, Potosi 888 Holy Spirit very strong -
http://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_03/images/waltzek091003a.jpg
fig. the inflasion since - the Silver would be much more
than $8000.- per ounce today -
(if it was a fair market playingfield -
without ratchillz banksterz manipulated the market -
since the past 500 years) -
Are the lemmings following LT Bucky? -
U.S $ INDEX (NYBOT:DX) -
FMNJ - dd --
http://www.franklinmining.com/Home/tabid/1215/Default.aspx
FMNJ - Cerro Rico - Inca - Potosi or “Rich Mountain” -
great bonanza periods have been reported for the quality
of the mineral, with ore contents between 1,500 and
9,000 Silver ounces per ton -
and est. reserves are about 938,130 kgs of Silver -
by very shallow drilling -
250,004 tons of zinc - by very shallow drilling -
dd --
The Worlds Richest Silver Mines -
has been mined for more than -
- 500 years -
Est. 1864 -
http://www.franklinmining.com/Projects/HardRockProjects/CerroRicoPalivariIIAlternativeIIIBolivia/tab....
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
Serving In 888 - Mission -
http://www.sim.org
Happy Holidays,
Merry Christmas & Hanukkah -
wish it to be great -
a friend loves at all times -
FMNJ - Mission
Looking down from the 6088m high summit -
of Huayna Potosi in Bolivia -
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=4487273020229857736&q=Potosi
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-6744165747080509806&q=Potosi
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=3558917908573171175&q=Potosi
CERRO RICO - POTOSI - SPIRIT 888 HIGH -
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-1025625523445857058&q=Potosi
Dance that evoke African slaves of Potosi
and Yungas that were taken chained -
Until years 30 they tenian acompañameinto of Sikus
and... all "are some indicate to the town aymara
of San Pedro de Tiquina like the only place where
this dance was seen, poor man at the time.
The evolution to the ostentosa and rich dance
that is today, must to the carnival of Oruro.
Very popular dance in Bolivia, the south of
the Peru, and north of Chile -
CERRO RICO - Safety in Bolivian mine factory -
The ore separation plant near the Cerro Rico mines
in Potosi, Bolivia. Safety measures?
What safety measures?
Ah well, they use cyanide -
as part of the ...
Holagringo
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-2191772021098621896&q=CERRO+RICO
Cerro Rico children miners -
snippet - of daily life -
handcobbing holes for sticks of dynamite -
with sledge hammering -
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=3498062237110105376&q=Potosi
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-853678319019234575&q=Potosi
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=7502276193398979156&q=Potosi
THE LAST OF AMERICAS FRONTIERES -
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=3999838631494857750&q=Potosi
http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-5835360151434469231&q=Potosi
http://www.thegoldenshield.org/Page_1.html
I don't mind to wait to higher PM's -
Franklin FMNJ - Gold & Silver -
and the demands for base metal prices -
to go to new highs in 2007 -
Most majors PM's producers love to takeover -
smaller companies with large Au & Ag reserves -
its most important that the smaller comp. safe -
guard themself and their Shareholders -
against the takeover raiders -
from larger comp. out to buy them out! -
When the open interest of Bucky going high -
its plenty of Bucky available and not many -
want the poor Bucky into much debt problems -
the risk for it to fall of the cliff isn't good -
it's a Blessing that old Franklin hasn't started
the mining -
it makes the FMNJ PM's reserve in the hardrock -
to be the safest treasure PM chest safety-box -
going higher with steady increase -
of the LT Res. PM's markets bullion values -
Rhodium $5030.- per ounce -
Silver LT to follow -
http://www.kitco.com/LFgif/rh0030lnb.gif
Its a start - Silver above $800.- per ounce in 1477 -
http://www.gold-eagle.com/editorials_03/images/waltzek091003a.jpg
fig. the inflasion since - the Silver would be much more
than $8000.- per ounce today -
(if it was a fair market playingfield -
without ratchillz banksterz manipulated the market -
since the past 500 years) -
Are the lemmings following LT Bucky? -
U.S $ INDEX (NYBOT:DX) -
FMNJ - dd --
http://www.franklinmining.com/Home/tabid/1215/Default.aspx
FMNJ - Cerro Rico - Inca - Potosi or “Rich Mountain” -
great bonanza periods have been reported for the quality
of the mineral, with ore contents between 1,500 and
9,000 Silver ounces per ton -
and est. reserves are about 938,130 kgs of Silver -
by very shallow drilling -
250,004 tons of zinc - by very shallow drilling -
dd --
The Worlds Richest Silver Mines -
has been mined for more than -
- 500 years -
Est. 1864 -
http://www.franklinmining.com/Projects/HardRockProjects/CerroRicoPalivariIIAlternativeIIIBolivia/tab....
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
Happy Holidays,
Merry Christmas & Hanukkah -
wish it to be great -
a friend loves at all times -
FMNJ - Mission