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Diamond: The diamond formation, more commonly known as a diamond top, is a relatively rare chart formation used in technical analysis. When a diamond top forms, it forms at the conclusion of a long uptrend in price, and it indicates an imminent reversal of the trend. As such, the diamond top formation generates a very strong sell signal.
Traders and technical analysts recognize a diamond formation by first recognizing a head-and-shoulders formation (a peak and trough, followed by a higher peak and another trough, followed by a peak somewhere below the level of the previous peak: in other words, three peaks, the middle one being the tallest.) Four trendlines are drawn: one (ascending) from the first peak to the second peak, one (descending) from the second peak to the third peak, one (ascending) from the second trough to the low of the third peak, and one (descending) from the first trough to the second trough. The four lines altogether form a rough diamond shape, giving the chart its name.
The diamond top forms an overall descending trend channel, allowing traders to determine levels of support and resistance for the asset's price as it enters a downtrend or a momentary reversal. However, if the lower support line of the channel is broken, traders consider it likely that asset prices will reverse and begin again to climb.
Chicago PMI: This report is created by The National Association of Purchasing Management. It rates the level of factory health in the upper Midwest. It is also known as the Business Barometer. Announced at the end of the month in The Chicago Report. Because it is released on the last day of the reporting month, it is used to predict the ISM Report. The Chicago PMI is based on a level of 50. Any level higher is considered expansion. Naturally, any level lower is a sign of contraction.
Carbon Credits: Carbon credits pertains to the right to emit a certain volume of greenhouse gases. The current measure is that one ton of C02 (or C02 equivalent gases) is equal to one carbon credit. To encourage businesses and companies to minimize their emission of greenhouse gases, they can exchange, buy, and sell carbon credits in the international market
Depression: The simple definition of a depression is a large scale recession that lasts an extended period of time. Some define a depression as a scenario where real GDP drops by over 10%. Another way to differentiate it from a recession is the period of time. Recessions are said to typically last one year while an economic depression lasts several years.
The term “depression” comes from the Great Depression of the 1930s. Before that event, any modest decline in economic activity was considered to be a depression. The term recession was then used to describe smaller economic downturns while the depression was used to describe major, longer lasting declines like the Great Depression.
Descending Triangle: A descending triangle is a simple chart pattern used in technical analysis. The descending triangle is formed from two trendlines, one for high prices and one for lows. The upper trendline of the triangle is a descending trendline, while the lower trendline is a horizontal trendline. The resulting shape is a right triangle whose hypotenuse moves downward over time.
In order to confirm a descending triangle on an asset's chart, traders must note two reaction lows of similar magnitude and two reaction highs, each declining in price over time. There should be a reasonable amount of distance between each low or high. Descending triangles usually form and develop over a one to three month period.
The descending triangle is always a bearish pattern, indicating a strong sell signal. Prices on the upper trendline continue to decline, narrowing the triangle formation, until the level of support represented by the lower trendline is broken. When a level of support is broken, it becomes a level of resistance, confirming the overall downward trend of the asset's price over time.
Broadening Formation: A broadening formation is an example of a consolidation pattern and a highly useful tool in the prediction of the likelihood of a reversal in the direction of a current trend. When found in an uptrend it indicates not a continuation of that trend, but a near-term reversal of the price action.
The broadening formation occurs when the fluctuation within the price produces a series of higher highs and of lower lows that steadily widen over time and are generally thought to be found only in found in topping formations where they are considered to be the result of unrealistic expectations of bullish investors.
Unlike the majority of other consolidation patterns, broadening formations feature increasingly wide ranges and are subject to much greater levels of volatility as time passes. Volume levels increase as the share price rises, which although normally indicates a bullish position rallies in this instance usually prove to be very short lived and the following declines are prone to decimating former support levels leading to an eventual collapse.
Bank of England: The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom. Sometimes known as the 'Old Lady' of Threadneedle Street, the Bank was founded in 1694, nationalised on 1 March 1946, and gained independence in 1997. Standing at the centre of the UK's financial system, the Bank is committed to promoting and maintaining monetary and financial stability as its contribution to a healthy economy.
The Bank of England has been in place for more than three hundred years, although it wasn't nationalized until 1946. It serves a dual role as both a consumer bank and a government bank. As such, the "Old Lady of Threadneedle Street," as the Bank of England is often called, holds a primary role in the financial status of the United Kingdom.
In 1998 the bank's governing body was changed by the Bank of England Act. Now the Bank of Directors is composed of sixteen non-executive directors, two deputy governors, and the bank's governor. This has modified the bank's responsibilities; their two main purposes now include maintaining the UK's Monetary and financial stability, although it still has as many small-scale account holders as it does large corporate accounts.
In regards to the foreign exchange market, the Bank of England manages the Exchange Equalisation Account. The EEA was formed in 1932 and is the account responsible for influencing the exchange rate of the UK's gold reserves. It also holds foreign currencies and gold for trading purposes
Currency Peg: A currency peg, sometimes referred to as a fixed exchange rate, is a kind of exchange rate policy wherein a country’s domestic currency is only allowed to fluctuate within a narrow range (usually between -1% to 1%) against the value of another currency.
Currency pegging is usually done by countries who wish to stabilize their global trade operations. By using a currency peg, risk caused by exchange rate fluctuations of businesses involved in international trade is reduced. This kind of exchange rate policy is very useful for countries with robust trade industries.
China, the Bahamas, and Marshall Islands have pegged their currencies to the U.S. dollar; Niger and Senegal to the French franc; and Bangladesh, Czech Republic and Thailand to a basket of several select currencies.
Doji: The doji is a type of candlestick and a warning sign of a pending reversal. The lack of a real body conveys a sense of indecision or tug-of-war between buyers and sellers and the balance of power may be shifting. The open and close are pretty much equal. The length of the upper and lower shadows can vary and the resulting candlestick looks like a cross, inverted cross or plus sign.
Depression: The simple definition of a depression is a large scale recession that lasts an extended period of time. Some define a depression as a scenario where real GDP drops by over 10%. Another way to differentiate it from a recession is the period of time. Recessions are said to typically last one year while an economic depression lasts several years.
The term “depression†comes from the Great Depression of the 1930s. Before that event, any modest decline in economic activity was considered to be a depression. The term recession was then used to describe smaller economic downturns while the depression was used to describe major, longer lasting declines like the Great Depression.
Bond Auction: A government bond auction is the process of selling short and long-term government bonds to investors in an attempt to minimize the cost of financing national debt.
The process starts with the central bank announcing how much money it intends to borrow. Details like the term length of the bonds and the date of the auction are included in the announcement.
Interested market players like broker-dealers, institutions, and individual investors then submit the amount of bonds that they’re willing to buy and bid at the yield that they want to be paid. Take note that the specific processes of bond auctions are different across countries.
The success of a government bond auction can be measured by the bid-to-cover ratio, a metric that measures how much the total bids exceed the initial amount that the central bank was aiming for.
For example, an auction collects bids worth $100 billion, but the central bank had only aimed for $45 billion. The bid-to-cover ratio is 2.22 ($100/$45). An auction with a bid-to-cover ratio of 2.00 or higher is usually considered as successful.
Traders also look at the change in bond yields after each auction. A higher yield means that investors are demanding a higher price for holding the government bond. Alternatively, a lower bond yield usually signals higher investor confidence and lower borrowing costs for the government (which would make it easier to pay debts).
Biflation: Biflation is a phenomenon where both inflation and deflation occur at the same time. This term was coined by Dr. Osborne Brown, a Senior Financial Analyst for the Phoenix Investment group.
During biflation, the prices of commodities and earnings-based assets (equities) rise while the prices of debt-based assets (bonds) fall
DeMarker Indicator: The Demarker Indicator is a technical analysis tool developed by Tom Demarker for identifying high-risk buying or selling areas in a given market.
Two variants of the Demarker Indicator exist, one bounded by values from -100 to 100, the other bounded by values from 0 to 1. The basic principle behind the Indicator is the same in either case. If the high price for a period is higher than the previous period's high, the DeMax variable for that period is the difference between the highs; the DeMin variable for the period works similarly for the low prices. The Demarker Indicator is then the moving average of DeMax divided by the sum of the moving averages of DeMax and DeMin. Thus, the higher the value of DeMax relative to DeMin, the greater the value of the Demarker Indicator.
On the 0 to 1 Demarker Indicator scale, a value anywhere above .7 indicates that a downward price turn is imminent, while a value anywhere below .3 indicates that the price will shortly turn upward. Values between .3 and .7 indicate relatively low-risk periods for entering a given asset market. Thus savvy traders can use the Demarker Indicator either to determine when to enter a market, or when to buy or sell an asset in order to capitalize on probable imminent price trends.
Bearish Reversal Candlestick Patterns: The Bearish Reversal Candlestick Pattern comes in over 12 different forms. These include the Abandoned Baby, the Bearish Engulfing Pattern, the Harami, the Dark Cloud Cover, the Evening Star and the Shooting Star. Bearish Reversal Candlestick Patterns should form in an uptrend and most will require Bearish Confirmation as reinforcement of the pattern. Use additional anaylsis to further support your findings.
Average True Range: Average True Range is one measure of volatility of a given market. The measure was created by J. Welles Wilder, Jr. in his 1979 book “New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems”.
Average True Range is based on the True Range, which is defined as the greatest of three measures:
•The difference between the greatest high and the greatest low
•The absolute value of the current high minus the latest close
•The absolute value of the current low minus the latest close
As a rule, fourteen measurements of the True Range are used in deriving the ATR. These measurements can be taken for four different time intervals: within a day, daily, weekly and monthly. The first ATR in a series is simply the average of the TR for fourteen periods. Future ATRs in the series are derived by the following algorithm:
•Multiply the previous 14-day ATR by 13.
•Add the current ATR.
•Divide the sum by 14.
The measurement is useful due to its sensitivity to large fluctuations in the value of a currency across several periods of measurement, even when the difference between the high and low values for a single period is very small (which would falsely indicate a low overall volatility.)
Binary Options: In finance, binary option (also called fixed return option, all or nothing or digital option)is a type of option where the payoff is either some fixed amount of some asset or nothing at all.[1] Binary options have been available since the middle of 2008. Binary options are trading options that pay out a pre-set and fixed amount if the underlying asset on which the option is based reaches the trader’s selected ‘direction’ (up or down compared with advertised value at the time of purchasing that option) at expiry time.[2]
The Binary Option is a prediction on which way the price of a stock, commodity, index or foreign currency will move by a designated expiration time. Traders can never purchase or own the asset, they can only predict the direction that the asset will go. There are only two possible outcomes and the price of the asset does not matter, all that matters is if the prediction was correct or incorrect.
Double Bottom: A Double Bottom is a form of chart pattern used in technical analysis. This pattern is characterized by a distinct drop in price, followed by a slight reversal (or recovery) with a second drop occurring soon after to either the same or similar level as the first, before another, significant recovery so that the chart appears to take on the form of the letter 'W'.
The Double Bottom, along with its counterpart, the Double Top, is easily one of the most recognizable chart patterns. While both are reliable reversal patterns, highly indicative of chances in the market, the bullish Double Bottom reflects very strong levels of support and often indicates a strong change of trend.
The double low points are considered to be support levels, with the resistance level measured at the widest point of the 'W' formation. When the rise following the second low breaks the resistance point generally the rise will continue sharply, with these reversal trends garnering more reward following extended downtrends.
It is normally considered that the best entry point on a double bottom formation is around the secondary resistance level, which when broken tends to indicate a the confirmation of the price reversal.
Binary Options: In finance, binary option (also called fixed return option, all or nothing or digital option)is a type of option where the payoff is either some fixed amount of some asset or nothing at all.[1] Binary options have been available since the middle of 2008. Binary options are trading options that pay out a pre-set and fixed amount if the underlying asset on which the option is based reaches the trader’s selected ‘direction’ (up or down compared with advertised value at the time of purchasing that option) at expiry time.[2]
The Binary Option is a prediction on which way the price of a stock, commodity, index or foreign currency will move by a designated expiration time. Traders can never purchase or own the asset, they can only predict the direction that the asset will go. There are only two possible outcomes and the price of the asset does not matter, all that matters is if the prediction was correct or incorrect.
Divergence: Divergence is a trading pattern in which the relationship between price action and an oscillator indicator is measured.
If the price begins to move in a negative correlation to an indicator, (ie. higher "highs" in price, but lower "highs" in indicator), it could be viewed as a leading indicator for a potential change in price direction.
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