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I knew all about Tytn for a very long time. It's as big as I say it is and anyone that doesn't fall for any of your BS will be more than grateful they listened to me and you know it.
Joe
I’m trying to get more of an understanding of what could actually happen to the current PPS on TYTN if it was listed in China on the SSE (Shanghai Stock Exchange) and the SZSE (Shenzhen Stock Exchange) and reached an agreement with a National Distributor in Australia.
Perhaps someone with intelligence could help me on this one. Obviously this board is filled with a lot of smart investors that see the potential in the actual pr’s and the up to date reports. Maybe someone else that is unfamiliar with Tytan Holdings would realize that they had a huge problem with a basher for over two years that played a major roll in impacting sales with a negative internet campaign and by destroying the PPS by posting 447 times on TYTN’S I-HUB BOARD under the name Tractor2011 and was previously Susanbond007. (Tytan was recently awarded over a quarter of a million dollars in damages from Mitch Bogden of TractorCo.com.)
To get back to my question about this whole “Cross Listing” thing that’s possibly in the works right now. What would happen to the PPS if it was to happen? The thing that intrigues me the most about the whole thing is how so many people know that he already owned and founded Rhino Tractors which ended up selling in about 150 dealerships throughout the Country, up until he sold it to the Alamo Group Inc. (NYSE: ALG )for an undisclosed amount of retirement money.
What's it really going to take for investors to see what this man’s capable of for you to understand how undervalued this stock is? Maybe when TYTN smacks you in the face with a dollar PPS in another year or two you’ll realize what I’ve been saying for a very long time. I already consider each one of my shares worth a dollar, so I guess that would make me a multi-millionaire. Lol
I guess what I’m trying to tell everyone is that it’s getting to the point that when things happen, your either going to sell your position when it hit’s a certain penny, or your going to see the true value and never work another day in your life.
So what would happen to the PPS in China if it was listed under a company owned by a man considered “The Godfather of the Chinese Tractor”? They’ve already seen first hand how he played a major role in the modernization of there products. Before, I was investing just on this knowledge, but now that the Patent tested by Ford (F) came into the picture, I can’t even put an estimated value on the PPS considering the possible residuals it could create. The proof is being spelled out to all of you, if you choose to continue to believe that a basher couldn’t have an effect on sales and the PPS, than your sadly going to be proven wrong soon and people will soon understand how you should’ve never believed a basher over a proven successful CEO named Mark Leonard of Tytan Holdings Inc... Do your DD and prove me wrong on this and tell me that this never happened. Your actually still able to invest in this company at this price. It’s Crazy!!! I’m more than shocked myself, but I guess when you spend enough time down here in the penny world you start thinking every company’s a scam and this one just seems to damn good to be true. The problem is that everything I’m telling you is true and it should’ve never happened, this is your day to decide if your going to actually believe a basher. Congratulations to anyone that believes me!!! To anyone that don’t, I could care less…
Joe
Mar 15, 2010 09:30 ETTytan Tractors & CEO Mark Leonard Featured in Global Times China
KALAMA, WA--(Marketwire - March 15, 2010) - Tytan Holdings, Inc. (PINKSHEETS: TYTN) -- Global Times China, names Mark Leonard as "Father of the Chinese Tractors" in a recent article featuring Tytan.
To View Complete Translated (English) Article visit:
www.TytanHoldings.com/news/gtc.pdf
or
www.TheSCR.com/companies/TYTN/media/Global_Times.pdf
About Global Times
Global Times (GlobalTimes.cn) focuses on expressing Chinese people's thoughts and feelings, sharing their opinions and views on significant international issues, and promoting their understanding of global views on China.
Global Times has more than 500 special correspondents and contributors posted around the world. Their first-hand interviews and reports help establish the unique and comprehensive voice of the Chinese-language Global Times and their stories will be featured on this website.
About Tytan International, Inc.
Tytan International, Inc. is a well-established, 25-year old company that has Exclusive Distribution and Manufacturing Contracts for Tytan Brand tractors and other products that meet niche needs for small farmers. With the recent explosion of the Chinese Automobile Industry, there has been a huge boom in Quality. Tytan will be there with a new Era of Products in 2010 that will meet or beat any competitor's products, and at prices the Consumers can afford.
Tytan International is a wholly owned subsidiary of Tytan Holdings, Inc.
Safe Harbor Statement:
This release includes forward-looking statements intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements generally can be identified by phrases such as INCL or its management "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "foresees," "forecasts," "estimates" or other words or phrases of similar import. Similarly, statements herein that describe the Company's business strategy, outlook, objectives, plans, intentions or goals also are forward-looking statements. All such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements.
Investor Relations:
Telephone 860.484.3721
Email Email Contact
Website www.TytanHoldings.com
Cross listing of shares is when a firm lists its equity shares on one or more foreign stock exchange in addition to its domestic exchange. Examples include: American Deposit Receipt (ADR), European Depositary Receipt (EDR), International Depositary Receipt (IDR) and Global Registered Shares (GRS).
Generally such a company's primary listing is on a stock exchange in its country of incorporation, and its secondary listing(s) is on an exchange in another country. Cross-listing is especially common for companies that started out in a small market but grew into a larger market. For example, numerous large Canadian companies are listed on the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ as well as the Toronto Stock Exchange. The term can also be used to refer to the listing of a company on more than one stock exchange in the same country: as an example, there are a handful of companies in the United States that are listed on both the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ. Some organizations, such as Liberty Media, have multiple listings reflecting different underlying assets, called tracking stocks.
[edit] Motivations for cross-listing
The academic literature has identified a number of different arguments to cross-list abroad in addition to a listing on the domestic exchange. Roosenboom and van Dijk (2009)[1] distinguish between the following motivations:
Market segmentation
The traditional argument for why firms seek a cross-listing is that they expect to benefit from a lower cost of capital that arises because their shares become more accessible to global investors whose access would otherwise be restricted because of international investment barriers.
Market liquidity
Cross-listings on deeper and more liquid equity markets could lead to an increase in the liquidity of the stock and a decrease in the cost of capital.
Information disclosure
Cross-listing on a foreign market can reduce the cost of capital through an improvement of the firm’s information environment. Firms can use a cross-listing on markets with stringent disclosure requirements to signal their quality to outside investors and to provide improved information to potential customers and suppliers (for example, by adopting US GAAP). Also, cross-listings tend to be associated with increased media attention, greater analyst coverage, better analysts’ forecast accuracy, and higher quality of accounting information.
Investor protection ("bonding")
Recently, there is a growing academic literature on the so-called “bonding” argument. According to this view, cross-listing in the US acts as a bonding mechanism used by firms that are incorporated in a jurisdiction with poor investor protection and enforcement systems to commit themselves voluntarily to higher standards of corporate governance. In this way, firms attract investors who would otherwise be reluctant to invest.
Other motivations
Cross-listing may also be driven by product and labor market considerations (for example, to increase visibility with customers by broadening product identification), to facilitate foreign acquisitions, and to improve labor relations in foreign countries by introducing share and option plans for foreign employees.[2]
[edit] Costs of cross-listing
There are, however, also disadvantages in deciding to cross-list: increased pressure on executives due to closer public scrutiny; increased reporting and disclosure requirements; additional scrutiny by analysts in advanced market economices, and additional listing fees. Some financial media have argued that the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley act in the US has made the NYSE less attractive for cross-listings, but recent academic research finds little evidence to support this, see Doidge, Karolyi, and Stulz (2007).[3]
[edit] What do managers say?
A questionnaire asking managers of international companies has shown that firms cross-list in the US mainly because of specific US business reasons (for instance US acquisitions, US business expansion and publicity), liquidity and status of US capital markets, and industry specific reasons (listing of competitors, benefits of financial analysts). Meeting SEC disclosure requirements and preparing US-GAAP reconciliations were cited as the most important disadvantages. Officials of ADR companies without an official listing (Level I and Rule 144A ADR’s) perceived the expansion of the US shareholder base as the principal benefit followed by specific US business reasons. On the question of what deters them from an official US listing, they mentioned the time-consuming and expensive US-GAAP reconciliations as well as listing fees as the hardest impediments. Additional disclosure requirements were cited as less difficult to overcome.
[edit] Do cross-listings create value?
There is a vast academic literature on the impact of cross-listings on the value of the cross-listed firms. Most studies (for example, Miller, 1999[4]) find that a cross-listing on a US stock market by a non-US firm is associated with a significantly positive stock price reaction in the home market. This finding suggests that the stock market expects the cross-listing to have a positive impact on firm value. Doidge, Karolyi, and Stulz (2004) [5] show that companies with a cross-listing in the U.S. have a higher valuation than non-cross-listed corporations, especially for firms with high growth opportunities domiciled in countries with relatively weak investor protection. The premium they find is larger for companies listed at official US stock exchanges (Level II and III ADR programs) than for over-the-counter listings (Level I ADR program) and private placements (Rule 144A ADR’s). Doidge, Karolyi, and Stulz (2004) argue that a cross-listing in the US reduces the extent to which controlling shareholders can engage in expropriation (through "bonding" to the high corporate governance standards in the US) and thereby increases the firm’s ability to take advantage of growth opportunities. Recent research, see www.crosslisting.com[1], shows that the listing premium for crosslisting has evaporated, due to new US regulations and competition from other exchanges. Some recent academic research finds that smaller foreign firms seeking cross listing venues may be opting for UK exchanges over US exchanges due to the costs imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. On the other hand, larger firms seeking "bonding" benefits from a US listing continue to seek a US exchange listing.[6] The academic literature largely ignores cross-listings on non-US exchanges. However, there are many cross-listings on exchanges in Europe and Asia. Even US firms are cross-listed in other countries. In the 1980s there was a wave of cross-listings of US firms in Japan. Roosenboom and van Dijk (2009)[7] analyze 526 cross-listings from 44 different countries on 8 major stock exchanges and document significant stock price reactions of 1.3% on average for cross-listings on US exchanges, 1.1% on London Stock Exchange, 0.6% on exchanges in continental Europe, and 0.5% on Tokyo Stock Exchange. These findings suggest that cross-listings on Anglo-Saxon exchanges create more value than on other exchanges. They also highlight the incomplete understanding of why firms cross-list outside the UK and the US, as many of the arguments discussed above (enhanced liquidity, improved disclosure, and bonding) do not apply.
[edit] References
^ Roosenboom, Peter, and Mathijs A. van Dijk, 2009, The Market Reaction to Cross-Listings: Does the Destination Market Matter? Journal of Banking and Finance, 33, 1898-1908, Available at SSRN: ssrn.com/abstract=1047261
^ Khanna, Tarun, Palepu, Krishna and Srinivasan, Suraj, Disclosure Practices of Foreign Companies Interacting with U.S. Markets(December 2003). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=408621
^ Doidge, Craig Andrew, Karolyi, George Andrew and Stulz, Rene M.,Has New York Become Less Competitive in Global Markets? Evaluating Foreign Listing Choices over Time(July 2007). ECGI - Finance Working Paper No. 173/2007 Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=982193
^ Miller, Darius, 1999, The market reaction to international cross-listings: Evidence from depositary receipts. Journal of Financial Economics 51, 103-123.
^ Doidge, Craig, Karolyi, G. Andrew, Stulz, Rene M., 2004, Why are foreign firms listed in the U.S. worth more? Journal of Financial Economics 71, 205-238.
^ Piotroski, Joseph D. and Srinivasan, Suraj, Regulation and Bonding: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Flow of International Listings(January 2008). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=956987
^ Roosenboom, Peter, and Mathijs A. van Dijk, 2009, The Market Reaction to Cross-Listings: Does the Destination Market Matter? Journal of Banking and Finance, 33, 1898-1908, Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1047261
Lubberink and Huijgen, Earnings conservatism and equity raisings of cross-listed firms. Unpublished working paper, http://ssrn.com/abstract=952221.
Piotroski, Joseph D. and Srinivasan, Suraj,Regulation and Bonding: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Flow of International Listings(January 2008). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=956987
Khanna, Tarun, Palepu, Krishna and Srinivasan, Suraj,Disclosure Practices of Foreign Companies Interacting with U.S. Markets(December 2003). Harvard Business School Strategy Unit Working Paper No. 03-081 Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=408621 or DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.408621
Good luck to you my friend!!! lol
Joe
You better believe it...
Joe
I have to take off right now for the afternoon, but I just wanted people to also understand that a majority of the float is also currently owned by a group of investors that understand exactly what Mark Leonard’s capabilities are.
Joe
Are you seeing what's going on here with FLNTF. It's red and the bid support is huge!!!! Greedy MM's...
Joe
Maybe this is who someone questioned it could be yesterday. Admin.'s please make sure this person isn't Mitch Bogden, aka SusanBond007, Tractor2011, aka booted already. lol
Joe
Who do we have to talk to in order to get the L2 to show the bid and sells like its suppose to?
Joe
Granma is going to end up having a serious soccer van...
Joe
Some of my good friends are some of the best when it comes to reading charts, but if I always listened to them over my own instinct, I would’ve never followed NFLX from $37 or LVLT from .90... The proof is in the reports and PR, it won’t be long for TYTN.
Joe
I already have some issues that keep me from sleeping Yak!!! I literally sent a buddy a pm last night questioning who probably gets more sleep. With everything going on over here, I’ll most likely start getting some sleep seeing that I’ll most likely back off on the DD.. But you already called my bluff on that a few weeks ago. Lol
Joe
You ain't kidding!!! It looks like a few fell for it, but obviously not any of us that understand the cost of a damn diaper. lol
Joe
In the yearly the CEO compared it to being in year five of his expansion stage, that’s huge…
Joe
Trust me I know, I bought baby furniture two years ago. Make sure you hold enough to pay if it off instead of just payments.
Joe
That's going to be some nice baby furniture.
Joe
It's at 31, someone was just doing what what they do. People should realize that in this world the strong survive... This stock is way to undervalued and at anytime they could do a Pr that would confirm it, quit being a female cat people. Do your DD!!!
Joe
Is it just me, or did they shut the L2 off on TYTN on the bids?
I figured it would be a great idea if I filled in your post by changing the abbreviation to the actual words to give everyone new a better idea about what all the fuss is with Tytn and why it’s going to continue to close green.
It will take off on the SSE and the SZSE. This CEO apparently has good cred and contacts and they want inroads to our agri market
It will take off on the SSE (Shanghai Stock Exchange) and the SZSE (Shenzhen Stock Exchange)This CEO apparently has good credit (Credit is the trust which allows one party to provide resources to another.) and contacts ( Connection or interaction; communication: still in contact with my former employer.) and they want inroads to our (USA) agri market. (Agricultural Market)
I run a company dedicated to getting things done. Many stock holders do not realize the time or work it takes to get things done. We have some immediate hurdles to jump and when done, we will be on a schedule. Those that want to try and out guess what I have said I will do with negatives, will be sadly mistaken. There is a saying in business, " a man is who he is by age 35" Another words you do what you say you will do or not. You are an achiever or not. You are a winner or not. There is no in between. The stockholders will have there chance to see & make up their mind on this, this year.
I have no idea what your talking about regarding a debate. I could care less about what anyone does regarding there own inveatment decisions. I was just responded to your reply to me. Do what you want, the proof is in the pr's and reports.
Joe
Try doing some DD and think about the fact that Mr. Leonard sold Rhino and is upset with how they ran it. Tytan's built on knowledge and power. If you think for one second that they built a brand new factory to build there tractors with nothing but quality, than you have another thing coming if you think this is your average pink. The patent in itself is worth ten times what its currently trading at.
Joe
I'm on my phone, other than that I would provide you with proof.
That's the best way to do it when you know exactly where it's going. Capital Gains is a Mofo!!!
Joe
IMO-The wise investor knows to buy big and hold, while the special investor continues to take profits and chase. This isn't moving on a pump people, it's moving because it's extremely undervalued and everyone knows it. You really can’t find a better Company to invest in right now. Just the fact that Tytan’s possibly going to be sold throughout Australia should tell you something. Then think about the fact that they’re in talks to get listed on China’s Stock Exchange right now. Them two points alone represent huge growth. The patent is a whole different ball game that will really make the flipper put there hands over there head in disbelief that they actual sold there position. Congratulations to anyone that believes in this company, because there’s going to come a day real soon that you will wish you did.
Joe
As soon as people understand how many products will benifit from its use, that's when all the real fun will start.
Joe
It's no scam!!! In every article you read about lexg, you read about FLNTF being the real winner possibly sitting on billions of dollars worth of lithium. The only losers right now are the investors that are being mislead by the mm's having the damn L2 shut off, it's against Finra laws.
Joe
Take a minute and actually read the Patent and get a better understanding of why it's the year of the Tytan!!! Between the tractor sales and implements, this will in fact continue to go green for a very long time. The prior Pr's and reports tell people exactly how big this is going and in my opinion it's huge.
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United States Patent 6,518,209
Wilson February 11, 2003
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Chemical resistant glass fusing composition and process for metal motor vehicle and building industry articles
Abstract
A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix for use in fusing glass to metal motor vehicle and building industry articles. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition for fusing glass to metal motor vehicle and building industry articles. A method of glass fusing metal motor vehicle and building industry articles using a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix. A method of glass fusing metal motor vehicle and building industry articles with a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition. A method of fusing single or multiple layers of glass to metal motor vehicle and building industry articles.
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Inventors: Wilson; Gary D. (Vancouver, WA)
Appl. No.: 09/904,418
Filed: July 12, 2001
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Current U.S. Class: 501/17 ; 427/376.2; 501/20; 501/21
Current International Class: C03C 27/04 (20060101); C03C 8/00 (20060101); C03C 8/24 (20060101); C03C 27/00 (20060101); C03C 008/14 (); B05D 003/02 ()
Field of Search: 106/14.05,600,628,48 501/78,17,15
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References Cited [Referenced By]
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U.S. Patent Documents
4260662 April 1981 Wratil
4312951 January 1982 Eppler
Primary Examiner: Jones; Deborah
Assistant Examiner: Blackwell-Rudasill; G. A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Rylander; Kurt M.
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Parent Case Text
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CLAIM OF BENEFIT
The present application claims the benefit of prior U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/218,225 filed on Jul. 14, 2000.
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Claims
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I claim:
1. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix for use in fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts, consisting essentially of high temperature frit, Boric Acid in the amount of 3% by volume of high temperature frit, Potassium Hyrdoxide in the amount of 2.5% by volume of high temperature frit, Sodium Silicate in the amount of 2.5% by volume of high temperature frit, Colloidal Silicate in the amount of 2.5% by volume of high temperature frit, and pigmentation for color in the amount of 1.5% by volume of high temperature frit.
2. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix for use in fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 1, wherein the high temperature frit has a softening point in the range 1400 to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of 8-20% by weight of SiO.sub.2, 10-30% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 20-50% by weight of Mg, 1-20% by weight of CaO, 3-40% by weight of R wherein R is selected from the group consisting of La.sub.2 O.sub.3 and CeO.sub.2, 0-15% by weight of BaO, 0-5% by weight of MO.sub.2 wherein M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti and Sn, and 0-5% by weight of P.sub.2 O.sub.5.
3. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix for use in fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 1, wherein said metal part is Stainless Steel 409 with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the exhaust system of the motor vehicle and where the high temperature frit is A.418 High Temperature Enamel from the U.S. Bureau of Standards Compositions has a softening point in the range 1400 to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of SiO.sub.2 in the amount of 28 to 6% by weight, BaO in the amount of 33 to 7% by weight, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 4 to 9% by weight, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 23 to 0% by weight, ZnO in the amount of 3 to 8% by weight, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 0 to 8% by weight, CaO in the amount of 2 to 7% by weight, MnO.sub.2 in the amount of 1 to 9% by weight with a clay mill addition of 5 to 0% by weight.
4. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix for use in fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 1, wherein said metal motor vehicle part Stainless Steel 409 with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the gas fill or neck of the motor vehicle and wherein the high temperature frit has a softening point in the range 1400 to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of 30 to 0% by weight Borax, 11 to 4% by weight Felspar, 15 to 2% by weight Potassium Nitrate, 16 to 6% by weight Titania, 7 to 8% by weight Boric Acid, 6 to 0% by weight Sodium Silicoflouride, 7 to 0% by weight Monammonium Phosphate, and in 2 to 5% by weight Lithium Carbonate.
5. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix for use in fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 1, wherein said metal motor vehicle part to be glass fused is Carbon Steel with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the exhaust system of the motor vehicle, wherein said high temperature frit is A.19 High Temperature Enamel from the U.S. Bureau of Standards Compositions has a softening point in the range 1400 to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of 36 to 3% by weight SiO.sub.2, 14 to 1% by weight B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 1 to 3% by weight CoO, 0 to 5% by weight NiO, 3 to 6% by weight K.sub.2 O, 26 to 4% by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 4 to 5% by weight CaO, 12 to 3% by weight Na.sub.2 O, 1 to 0% by weight MnO.sub.2, with a 10 to 0% by weight clay mill addition.
6. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix for use in fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 1, wherein said metal motor vehicle part to be glass plated is Carbon Steel with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the gas fill or neck of the motor vehicle, and wherein said high temperature frit has a softening point in the range 1400 degrees to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of Borax in the amount of 24 to 5% by weight, Quartz in the amount of 49 to 6% by weight, Soda Ash in the amount of 21 to 5% by weight, Sodium Nitrate in the amount of 10 to 0% by weight, Limespar in the amount of 5 to 4% by weight, Titania in the amount of 10 to 9% by weight, Flourspar in the amount of 4 to 6% by weight, Cobalt Oxide in the amount of 0 to 3% by weight, Manganese Dioxide in the amount of 1 to 5% by weight, and Iron Chromate in the amount of 2 to 0% by weight.
7. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix for use in fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 1, wherein said metal motor vehicle part to be glass plated is Cast Aluminum with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the exhaust system of the motor vehicle, and wherein said where the high temperature frit has a softening point in the range 1400 degrees to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of Boric Acid in the amount of 13 to 6% by weight, Silica in the amount of 18 to 1% by weight, Titania in the amount of 9 to 8% by weight, Soda Ash in the amount of 18 to 9% by weight, Potassium Carbonate in the amount of 9 to 4% by weight, and Red Lead in the amount of 30 to 2% by weight.
8. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix for use in fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 1, wherein said metal motor vehicle part to be glass plated is Cast Aluminum with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the gas fill or neck of the motor vehicle, and wherein the high temperature frit has a softening point in the range 1400 degrees to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of Boric Acid in the amount of 8 to 3% by weight, Silica in the amount of 27 to 1% by weight, Titania in the amount of 9 to 4% by weight, Soda Ash in the amount of 16 to 2% by weight, Lithium Carbonate in the amount of 5 to 7% by weight, Potassium Carbonate in the amount of 12 to 5% by weight, Red Lead in the amount of 20 to 8% by weight.
9. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition for fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts, comprising: a. water; and b. the chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix for use in fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, added to the water in an amount according to the ratio of 60 to 70 cubic centimeters of water to 180 to 188 grams of said dry mix.
10. A method of fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts, comprising the steps of: a. mixing high temperature frit with a novel frit additive, where said novel frit additive consists essentially of, Boric Acid in the amount of 3% by volume of said high temperature frit, Potassium Hydroxide in the amount of 2.5% by volume of said high temperature frit, Sodium Silicate in the amount of 2.5% by volume of said high temperature frit, Colloidal Silicate in the amount of 2.5% by volume of said high temperature frit, and pigmentation for color in the amount of 1.5% by volume of said high temperature frit, said mix yielding a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix; b. adding water to said chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix in the ratio amount 60 to 70 cubic centimeters of water to 180 to 188 grams of said chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix, said addition yielding a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition; c. agitating said chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition; d. applying said agitated chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition to a metal motor vehicle part; e. drying said agitated chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition on said metal motor vehicle part through air drying or heat drying until the part is dry; and f. baking said dried motor vehicle part in an oven, wherein said part is baked for 14 to 15 minutes at 1400 to 1600 degrees Fahrenheit if said part is cast iron, ductile or gray, and wherein said part is baked for 5 to 8 minutes at 1400 to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit if said part is stainless steel or carbon steel.
11. A method of fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 10, wherein said high temperature frit has a softening point in the range 1400 degrees to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of 8-20% by weight of SiO.sub.2, 10-30% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 20-50% by weight of Mg, 1-20% by weight of CaO, 3-40% by weight of R wherein R is selected from the group consisting of La.sub.2 O.sub.3 and CeO.sub.2, 0-15% by weight of BaO, 0-5% by weight of MO.sub.2 (wherein M is at least one metal selected from Zr, Ti and Sn) and 0-5% by weight of P.sub.2 O.sub.5.
12. A method of fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 10, wherein said metal part is Stainless Steel 409 with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the exhaust system of the motor vehicle and where the high temperature frit is A.418 High Temperature Enamel from the U.S. Bureau of Standards Compositions has a softening point in the range 1400 degrees to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of SiO.sub.2 in the amount of 28 to 6% by weight, BaO in the amount of 33 to 7% by weight, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 4 to 9% by weight, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 23 to 0% by weight, ZnO in the amount of 3 to 8% by weight, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 0 to 8% by weight, CaO in the amount of 2 to 7% by weight, MnO.sub.2 in the amount of 1 to 9% by weight with a clay mill addition of 5 to 0% by weight.
13. A method of fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 10, wherein the said metal motor vehicle part Stainless Steel 409 with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the gas fill or neck of the motor vehicle and where the high temperature frit has a softening point in the range 1400 degrees to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of Borax in the amount of 30 to 0% by weight, Felspar in the amount of 11 to 4% by weight, Potassium Nitrate in the amount of 15 to 2% by weight, Titania in the amount of 16 to 6% by weight, Boric Acid in the amount of 7 to 8% by weight, Sodium Silicoflouride in the amount of 6 to 0% by weight, Monammonium Phosphate in the amount of 7 to 0% by weight, and Lithium Carbonate in the amount of 2 to 5% by weight.
14. A method of fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 10, wherein said metal motor vehicle part to be glass fused is Carbon Steel with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the exhaust system of the motor vehicle, wherein said high temperature frit is A.19 High Temperature Enamel from the U.S. Bureau of Standards Compositions has a softening point in the range 1400 degrees to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of SiO.sub.2 in the amount of 36 to 3% by weight, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 14 to 1% by weight, CoO in the amount of 1 to 3% by weight, NiO in the amount of 0 to 5% by weight, K.sub.2 O in the 3 to 6% by weight, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 26 to 4% by weight, CaO in the amount of 4 to 5% by weight, Na.sub.2 O in the amount of 12 to 3% by weight, MnO.sub.2 in the amount of 1 to 0% by weight, with a clay mill addition of 10 to 0% by weight.
15. A method of fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 10, wherein said metal motor vehicle part to be glass plated is Carbon Steel with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the gas fill or neck of the motor vehicle, and wherein said high temperature frit has a softening point in the range 1400 degrees to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of Borax in the amount of 24 to 5% by weight, Quartz in the amount of 49 to 6% by weight, Soda Ash in the amount of 21 to 5% by weight, Sodium Nitrate in the amount of 10 to 0% by weight, Limespar in the amount of 5 to 4% by weight, Titania in the amount of 10 to 9% by weight, Flourspar in the amount of 4 to 6% by weight, Cobalt Oxide in the amount of 0 to 3% by weight, Manganese Dioxide in the amount of 1 to 5% by weight, and Iron Chromate in the amount of 2 to 0% by weight.
16. A method of fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 10, wherein said metal motor vehicle part to be glass plated is Cast Aluminum and the part is used in the exhaust system of the motor vehicle, and wherein said where the high temperature frit has a softening point in the range 1400 degrees to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of Boric Acid in the amount of 13 to 6% by weight, Silica in the amount of 18 to 1% by weight, Titania in the amount of 9 to 8% by weight, Soda Ash in the amount of 18 to 9% by weight, Potassium Carbonate in the amount of 9 to 4% by weight, and Red Lead in the amount of 30 to 2% by weight.
17. A method of fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts as in claim 10, wherein said metal motor vehicle part to be glass plated is Cast Aluminum with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the gas fill or neck of the motor vehicle, and wherein the high temperature frit has a softening point in the range 1400 degrees to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit and consists essentially of Boric Acid in the amount of 8 to 3% by weight, Silica in the amount of 27 to 1% by weight, Titania in the amount of 9 to 4% by weight, Soda Ash in the amount of 16 to 2% by weight, Lithium Carbonate in the amount of 5 to 7% by weight, Potassium Carbonate in the amount of 12 to 5% by weight, Red Lead in the amount of 20 to 8% by weight.
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Description
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The instant invention relates to methods and articles for fusing electrical, heat, chemical, corrosive, scratch resistant, non-VOC deterioration of pigmented, permanent coloration glass to motor vehicle parts and to construction parts, and particularly to articles and methods using glass porcelain enamel.
BACKGROUND
Because of its highly competitive nature, the motor vehicle industry as well as the marine industry has long endeavored to provide longer and more comprehensive manufacturers' warranties for their finished products. Their goal has been to increase the useful life of critical operational parts in their vehicles to exceed anticipated warranty periods of 100,000 miles and 10 years.
Various grades of stainless steel, aluminized steel, carbon steel, and titanium-steel alloys have been tested in an effort to accomplish their goals. Success from these efforts has, at best, been limited. Therefore, the primary challenge facing these manufacturers is the ongoing search for a protective coating for these critical metal parts in order to ensure that the useful life of these parts does not end prematurely through corrosion, metal fatigue or both.
Engineers for motor vehicle manufacturers are also faced with increasing environmental demands from state and Federal agencies concerned with the use of hazardous and toxic materials that exist in the solvents used in these coatings. It is anticipated that chrome plating and other plating processes will be banned in the near future because of the toxic by-products produced and the dangerous environment in which plating workers have to labor.
The predominant metals used in vehicles are stainless steel, carbonized stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum, cast aluminum, gray iron and cast iron. Motor vehicle and marine manufacturers acknowledge that these metals must be protected from such harsh external elements as salt, rain, snow hail and heat, as well as the chemicals used internally to make their vehicles operational, including, but not limited to, battery acid, oil, gasoline, diesel fuel, brake fluid, hydraulic and transmission fluids.
The manufacturers seek a coating which can be produced and applied in an environmentally friendly manner and can protect these metals from such destructive forces (both internally and externally) as corrosion, chemical attacks, high heat and sub-zero cold. The coating must be able to expand and contract as the metals expand and contract and must be impervious to penetration from salt, gravel, water and chemicals. Thermal shock caused by extreme heat and cold can cause most coatings to crack, peel or check causing the metal to be exposed to the elements.
Presently the manufacturers use the following protective coatings on their vehicles: 1. Solvent based coatings. These coatings have a high level of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and thus the applicators are required to file an environmental impact statement and pay a tax or license fee in order to use these products. The application must take place in a highly controlled and enclosed environment that is properly ventilated. The fumes must be filtered or destroyed before being emitted into the atmosphere. Employees must wear protective clothing and an approved breathing apparatus while applying the coating. These membrane coatings historically have not had the durability to pass a scratch test or a heat test. Some coatings even fail to pass thermo-shock and gravel meter tests. 2. Water borne coatings. These membrane coatings have met the VOC guidelines of state and Federal environmental agencies, but, depending on the contents, Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) can make even water-based coatings hazardous. When applied, these coatings can be either air-dried or heat-cured at low temperatures (250 degrees Fahrenheit to 650 degrees Fahrenheit). After application, operating temperatures of 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit to 1,100 degrees Fahrenheit will cause the coating to fail whereupon the metal will begin to corrode. This type of coating is not scratch resistant or chemical resistant. When exposed to high heat, the zinc undercoat is prone to failure and will peal off. If the coating is applied without a zinc primer, chemicals will be able to penetrate to the metal surface and will undercut the coating with rust. 3. Urethane coatings. This is a rubber-based synthetic resin containing either water or solvent. These types of coatings perform well to protect against weathering and salt penetration. These coatings, however, to not hold up when exposed to ethanol, glycols, brake fluids or battery acids. High heat will cause these coatings to break down. 4. Powder coatings. These coatings are applied to vehicle parts in dry form. Some powder coats are silicate based and must be monitored by state and Federal environmental agencies due to the HAPs contained in the silicate compounds that can escape into the air when applied. The rooms where the silicate-based powder are applied must be well ventilated and filtered. Protective clothing and an approved breathing apparatus must be work at all times for workers' protection. At application, these coatings are baked on at temperatures of 500 to 850 degrees Fahrenheit. These coatings have shown some durability to weather but tend to fail when attacked by chemicals and salt. These coatings are not scratch resistant. 5. Epoxy coatings. If oil-based, these coatings are high in VOCs. If water-based, they have HAP problems. In either case, they have the attendant environmental safety problems that must be satisfied as previously discussed. Both types of coatings perform well when attacked by chemicals, but fail when exposed to ultra-violet light or temperatures in excess of 500 degrees Fahrenheit.
Vehicle manufacturers have established exhaustive testing programs to ensure that critical parts are capable of lasting and performing for a minimum period of time. In some cases these tests simulate the wear and tear (without part failure) which can be expected to occur during a minimum of 100,000 miles of driving and in some cases as much as 1,000,000 miles. Modern day parts must be able to withstand cold temperatures as low as -30 degrees C. and hot temperatures as high as 450 degrees C.; they must be abrasion resistant, resistant to a wide variety of chemicals and salts.
The heat generated by the exhaust systems has troubled the automobiles as well as the trucking industries. The exhaust system of both gasoline and diesel engines are subject to very severe operating conditions, due to the high temperatures (1000 degrees Fahrenheit to 1450 Fahrenheit) of exhaust gases. The behavior of steel at high temperatures, i.e., expansion, creep, thermal shock, mechanical fatigue, oxidation and corrosion resistance are factors determining reliability.
Catalysts placed in a ceramic cone create a heat source for the exhaust gases to light off any carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and unburned hydrocarbons. The temperature of these gases internally passing through the exhaust system of gasoline engines reaches 1400 degrees to 1800 degrees Fahrenheit at the catalytic converter. This temperature must be maintained (volume of area of heat) to destroy the three gasses mentioned above.
If a constant insulated heat source is maintained from the engines manifold to the catalytic converter a faster light-off is created thus reducing exhaust pollutants being emitted from the engine exhaust pipe into the atmosphere. Before light-off begins, a temperature of 400 to 600 degrees Fahrenheit must be achieved, or all of the pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere. To improve this light-off action created by a catalytic converter, automobile manufacturers moved the converter closer to the engine. This generated heat problems in the firewall area under the hood. Some manufacturers used two to three smaller converters to extend the heating area of the exhaust system thus improving the reduction of pollutants. This also generated additional heat problems in the firewall area. By increasing the heat under the hood of the automobile, more expensive insulation of wiring harness and fuel and oil lines was needed. A solution must be developed to resolve the problem of maintaining heat from the engine to the catalytic converter for faster light-off and to, maintain that temperature after it flows through the converter to destroy the pollutants emitted from the gasoline engine. The second problem that must be resolved is reducing the heat from the exhaust system to the fuel and electrical systems to prevent shut down or engine failure.
Similarly, known methods of heat insulation for engine parts of motor vehicles exist that do not satisfy the aspects of the provided invention. Heat has been the problem when generated from gasoline and diesel engines. Many manufactures have used the following for heat insulation: (1) silica glass fabric sacks and blankets, (2) ceramic woven glass fabric blankets, (3) double wall piping using air, (4) ceramic and silica based coatings, (5) glass blanket material inside a metal sleeve, and (6) heat shield devices to cool temperature.
The existing methods have disadvantages.
Silica glass fabric sacks have a thermal conductivity K value of 0.3385 and can insulate up to .+-.225 degrees Fahrenheit (from exterior of an exhaust pipe to the exterior of the insulation). These fabrics have a downside of absorbing oils and grease, crystallizing when under a constant heat source and failing thus deteriorating while in use.
Ceramic woven fiber blankets with and without aluminum foil outer wrap were an improvement on glassification but have a problem of absorbing hydrocarbon oil and fuel. The blanket wraps also compress due to hot and cold ambient and exhaust system temperature reducing the heat insulation value of the fabric from .+-.250 degrees Fahrenheit to .+-.90 degrees Fahrenheit. The ceramic blankets, in contact with the metal surface, begins of a crystalline break down of the woven material. The blankets start to deteriorate into glassy crystalline powdery particles.
Double walled exhaust piping is presently being used by most manufacturers on today's gasoline vehicles. This piping is more durable and reliable than any other insulation device available heretofore. Air is a well-known insulation if designed properly. The life of the pipe is the life of the insulation. The insulation consistently maintained is .+-.150 degrees Fahrenheit to .+-.250 degrees Fahrenheit. This is slightly less than the glass and ceramic designed systems but the life of the insulation source is increased by the metal used in the exhaust pipe (stainless steel, aluminized stainless steel, carbon steel and aluminized carbon steel). The problems generated by this system are that due to the lower insulation temperatures the catalyst has to be moved closer to the engine to reach the present emission standards of the EPA. The problem generated by temperatures between 750 to 1200 degrees Fahrenheit is the need to insulate electrical wiring, plastic components systems, gasoline lines, lubricating fluids for engine and transmissions and must use heat resistant metals inside the firewall area of the vehicles.
The exhaust manufacturers explored ceramic coatings as they tried to improve on the insulation value of the double walled piping system and at the same time reduce manufacturing materials and labor cost. After testing these systems, it was discovered that these coatings had similar insulation values to the double walled piping systems. The problem is the life of the coating. These systems failed because they used organic and/or inorganic materials that absorbed hyrdrocarbons, water, antifreeze, and other corrosive chemicals. They rock-chipped-off of, or thermal shocking to, the coating of the pipe exposing the exterior surface of the metal to the ambient temperature causing a breakdown of the exhaust system catalytic light off and thermal exposure to fuel, lube oil, and electrical system.
The exhaust sleeve using woven glass and ceramic blankets was developed to silence the exhaust noise in tailpipes and mufflers in the 1970's. These systems silenced the exhaust gas noises in the tailpipe but the systems generated heat fatigue in metal casing causing the inner metal to corrode. Most of these systems have to be replaced within three years of average use.
Heat shield devices were designed to cool down the temperature for current vehicles on the road today. These systems use ambient air flowing through the grill to capture the air generated by the forward motion of the vehicle. This is similar to cooling the interior of a vehicle prior to the invention of air conditioning, which is rolling the windows down and driving at high speed in warm or hot weather. This system works as long as the vehicle is moving. The problem with this system is hot or warmer ambient temperatures, stop and go traffic when the engine is hot. Hot ambient temperatures coupled with a hot engine generate extreme temperatures and traps heat generated by a catalytic converter when air is not flowing through vehicle in stop and go traffic. These temperatures can generate heat sources of .+-.450 degrees Fahrenheit to .+-.1700 degrees Fahrenheit on the exterior wall of an exhaust pipe or catalytic converter causing hazardous conditions on the engine and accessory components of the vehicle. Diesel engines run at a cooler operating temperature. These may increase exterior wall piping from .+-.650 degrees Fahrenheit to .+-.1250 degrees Fahrenheit. This extreme variance can relate to body fatigue (fiberglass polymer cabs and exterior body parts, rubber, fuel systems and electrical systems).
The following represents a list of known related art: "Enamel: The Preparation, Application, and Properties of Vitreous Enamels," Andrew I. Andrews (The Garrard Press, Champaign, III, 1949); "Vitreous Enamels," Borax Consolidated Limited (W.S. Cowell Limited, Butter Market, Ipswich, England, 1965); SAE Technical Paper Series 981984, Exhaust System Containment System, dated Sep. 18-21, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. 5,057,378 (Nishino et al) discloses a glass ceramic coating for a board with a fine wiring pattern applied thereof most particularly applied to circuit boards for electrical devices; U.S. Pat. No. 5,363,567 (Best) discloses a self-incinerating oven, with heat exchange and thermal radiation absorption improved by a porcelain enamel coating of the heat exchange tube; WO Patent 94/18134 (Evans et al), discloses an unleaded transparent vitreous glass composition and articles, published Aug. 18, 1994; U.S. Pat. No. 5,200,369 (Clifford et al), discloses glaze compositions, issued Apr. 6, 1993; U.S. Pat. No. 3,853,573 (Ferrigno) discloses fluxing agent modified pigmentary compositions, issued Dec. 10, 1974; U.S. Pat. No. 4,469,798 (Nishino et al), discloses low melting, opaque enamel frit, issued Sep. 4, 1984; U.S. Pat. No. 3,836,373 (Ault et al), discloses a method of preparing porcelain enamel frit for dry process enameling, issued Sep. 17, 1974; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,864,140 (Ferrigno) discloses pigmentary compositions with reduced water absorption, issued Feb. 4, 1975.
The teachings of each of the above-listed citations (which does not itself incorporate essential material by reference) are herein incorporated by reference.
Heretofore, application of methods and articles for fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts with a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix of frit and a novel frit additive, said frit additive consisting essentially of Boric Acid, Potassium Hydroxide, Sodium Silicate, Colloidal Silicate, and pigmentation for color, has never been performed. A chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant wet mix of water and the chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix has never been performed. A method of fusing glass to metal motor vehicle parts using the chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant wet mix has never been performed.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to create a dry mix for coating motor vehicle parts using a composition including high temperature frit and the novel frit additive. It is highly desirable to create a wet mix for coating motor vehicle parts using high temperature frit and a novel frit additive. It is highly desirable to create methods and articles for coating motor vehicle metal parts with a composition comprising frit and the novel frit additive. It is highly desirable to create methods and articles for creating layers of glass coating on motor vehicle parts where said glass coating layers contains a composition of frit and the novel frit additive.
Potential customers for articles and methods that meet these objects include motor vehicle manufacturers, motor vehicle after market supplier, motor vehicle repair services, and home motor vehicle handypersons.
SUMMARY
Accordingly, it is an object to provide novel methods for solving the abovemen-tioned problems. In particular, it is an object to provide a novel glass coating for motor vehicle parts. It is a further object to provide a dry or wet mix composition, for purposes of single or multi layer glass coating for motor vehicle parts. It is a further object to provide methods and articles for coating motor vehicle metal parts with a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant glass coating comprising a dry mix of frit and said novel frit additive. It is a further object to provide methods of coating motor vehicle parts with a dry or wet mix composition of frit and said novel frit additive to achieve a glass coating.
These and other objects and advantages are achieved by the present invention. The present invention provides a dry composition for use in glass fusing metal motor vehicle parts using high temperature frit and a novel frit additive, said frit additive consisting essentially of Boric Acid, Potassium Hydroxide, Sodium Silicate, Colloidal Silicate, and pigmentation for color. The present invention provides a wet composition for glass fusing metal motor vehicle parts using water, high temperature frit and said frit additive. The present invention provides methods and articles for glass fusing metal motor vehicle parts. The present invention provides methods and articles for creating fused glass layers on metal motor vehicle parts.
The novel articles and methods, as compared with previous glass ceramic automotive coatings provide a number of advantages, including, improved in thermal resistance, water resistance and said durability and markedly improved in surface smoothness. Further advantage obtains from the provision of thermal and electrical insulation, spreads heat evenly and cools the insulated article slowly reducing metal fatigue, is chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant.
The novel articles and methods of the invention are well suited for use in motor vehicles of all types and in the manufacturing processes for making motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines, and in the after market for repair and upkeep of motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines.
Further benefits and advantages of the embodiments of the invention will become apparent from consideration of the following detailed description.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention consists essentially of frit, a novel frit additive, and water which yields a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition. Said composition is then applied to motor vehicle parts, then dried or heated until dry, and then baked upon said motor vehicle part. This provides a novel single layer glass coating to the motor vehicle part. A second layer can be provided to the motor vehicle part by an addition to the initial coating process, or alternative by running through the process a second time. The thickness of the fused glass on the metal motor vehicle part can be controlled by the number of layers of fused glass chosen, as well as the relative amounts of water, frit, and frit additive.
Before describing the working examples of the present invention in detail, the respective process steps used in the invention will be briefly described. 1. Step of mixing high temperature frit and a novel frit additive in a container; 2. Step of adding water to said mix; 3. Step of agitating said water mix; 4. Step of applying said water mix to a metal substrate; 5. Step of drying said metal substrate; and 6. Step of baking said metal substrate.
For the first fused glass layer, high temperature frit, with a softening point in the temperature range 1400 to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit is preferred. A high temperature frit, consisting essentially of 8-20% by weight of SiO.sub.2, 10-30% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 20-50% by weight of Mg, 1-20% by weight of CaO, 3-40% by weight of R wherein R is selected from the group consisting of La.sub.2 O.sub.3 and CeO.sub.2, 0-15% by weight of BaO, 0-5% by weight of MO.sub.2 (wherein M is at least one metal selected from Zr, Ti and Sn) and 0-5% by weight of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 can be used. The temperature softening point of the frit can be modified by increasing the level of quartz, replacing by weight the level of silica.
Where the metal motor vehicle part to be glass fused is Stainless Steel 409 with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the exhaust system of the motor vehicle, the preferred high temperature frit is A.418 High Temperature Enamel from the U.S. Bureau of Standards Compositions and consists essentially of SiO.sub.2 in the amount of 28 to 6% by weight, BaO in the amount of 33 to 7% by weight, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 4 to 9% by weight, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 23 to 0% by weight, ZnO in the amount of 3 to 8% by weight, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 0 to 8% by weight, CaO in the amount of 2 to 7% by weight, MnO.sub.2 in the amount of 1 to 9% by weight with a clay mill addition of 5 to 0% by weight.
Where the metal motor vehicle part to be glass fused is Stainless Steel 409 with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the gas fill or neck of the motor vehicle, the preferred high temperature frit is Borax in the amount of 30 to 0% by weight, Felspar in the amount of 11 to 4% by weight, Potassium Nitrate in the amount of 15 to 2% by weight, Titania in the amount of 16 to 6% by weight, Boric Acid in the amount of 7 to 8% by weight, Sodium Silicoflouride in the amount of 6 to 0% by weight, Monammonium Phosphate in the amount of 7 to 0% by weight, and Lithium Carbonate in the amount of 2 to 5% by weight.
Where the metal motor vehicle part to be glass fused is Carbon Steel with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the exhaust system of the motor vehicle, the preferred high temperature frit is A.19 High Temperature Enamel from the U.S. Bureau of Standards Compositions and consists essentially of SiO.sub.2 in the amount of 36 to 3% by weight, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 14 to 1% by weight, CoO in the amount of 1 to 3% by weight, NiO in the amount of 0 to 5% by weight, K.sub.2 O in the 3 to 6% by weight, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the amount of 26 to 4% by weight, CaO in the amount of 4 to 5% by weight, Na.sub.2 O in the amount of 12 to 3% by weight, MnO.sub.2 in the amount of 1 to 0% by weight, with a clay mill addition of 10 to 0% by weight.
Where the metal motor vehicle part to be glass fused is Carbon Steel with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the gas fill or neck of the motor vehicle, the preferred high temperature frit consists essentially of Borax in the amount of 24 to 5% by weight, Quartz in the amount of 49 to 6% by weight, Soda Ash in the amount of 21 to 5% by weight, Sodium Nitrate in the amount of 10 to 0% by weight, Limespar in the amount of 5 to 4% by weight, Titania in the amount of 10 to 9% by weight, Flourspar in the amount of 4 to 6% by weight, Cobalt Oxide in the amount of 0 to 3% by weight, Manganese Dioxide in the amount of 1 to 5% by weight, and Iron Chromate in the amount of 2 to 0% by weight.
Where the metal motor vehicle part to be glass fused is Cast Aluminum with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the exhaust system of the motor vehicle, the preferred high temperature frit is Boric Acid in the amount of 13 to 6% by weight, Silica in the amount of 18 to 1% by weight, Titania in the amount of 9 to 8% by weight, Soda Ash in the amount of 18 to 9% by weight, Potassium Carbonate in the amount of 9 to 4% by weight, and Red Lead in the amount of 30 to 2% by weight.
Where the metal motor vehicle part to be glass fused is Cast Aluminum with carbon content of not more than 3% and the part is used in the gas fill or neck of the motor vehicle, the preferred high temperature frit is Boric Acid in the amount of 8 to 3% by weight, Silica in the amount of 27 to 1% by weight, Titania in the amount of 9 to 4% by weight, Soda Ash in the amount of 16 to 2% by weight, Lithium Carbonate in the amount of 5 to 7% by weight, Potassium Carbonate in the amount of 12 to 5% by weight, Red Lead in the amount of 20 to 8% by weight.
A novel frit additive consists essentially of Boric Acid, Potassium Hydroxide, Sodium Silicate, Colloidal Silicate, and pigmentation for color. The relative amounts of the novel frit additive are measured against the amount of high temperature frit. The novel frit additive mixed with the high temperature frit yield a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix consisting essentially of high temperature frit, Boric Acid in the amount of 3% by volume of said high temperature frit, Potassium Hydroxide in the amount of 2.5% by volume of said high temperature frit, Sodium Silicate in the amount of 2.5% by volume of said high temperature frit, Colloidal Silicate in the amount of 2.5% by volume of said high temperature frit, and pigmentation for color in the amount of 1.5% by volume of said high temperature frit.
The pigmentation is for color and can be made and added through means well known in the art. Pigment compositions are well known in the industry and can be provided according to U.S. Pat. No. 3,853,573 (Ferrigno), "Enamel: The Preparation, Application, and Properties of Vitreous Enamels," Andrew I. Andrews (The Garrard Press, Champaign, III, 1949), or "Vitreous Enamels," Borax Consolidated Limited (W.S. Cowell Limited, Butter Market, Ipswich, England, 1965), among others.
The chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix is prepared by mixing high temperature frit and novel frit additive in a container until thoroughly mixed. Water is then added to said chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix according to the following ratio: 60 to 70 cubic centimeters of water to 180 to 188 grams of said dry mix. This yields a chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition. A higher percentage of water leads to increased yield of the said resistant composition which effects the viscosity. A thin expanding metal needs a thinner resistant composition.
The chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition is then agitated to thoroughly mix the composition. Said chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant composition is then applied to the selected metal motor vehicle part through any of several means, including spraying the part, such as in an automated spray booth or through an electrostatic spray system, brushing the part, dipping the part, using an airless spray, or equivalent means. Said part is then dried or heated until the part is dry.
The part is then baked in an oven. The oven baking temperature and baking time depend on the type of metal of the part to be baked. If the part is cast iron, ductile or gray, the part is baked for 14 to 15 minutes in the range of 1400 to 1600 degrees Fahrenheit. If the part is stainless steel or carbon steel, the part is baked for 5 to 8 minutes in the range 1400 to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit. Baking the motor vehicle part that has been treated according to the above composition and process fuses the composition to the metal motor vehicle part through a combination of glass and basic metal elements.
A second fused glass layer can be added to the metal motor vehicle part. The second layer can be applied through a dry method or a wet method. In the dry method, while the part is baking in the oven for the first layer, a lower temperature frit having a softening point in the temperature range of 1100 to 1200 degrees Fahrenheit is substituted for high temperature frit in the chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix, and said modified dry mix is then applied to the part while the part is in the temperature range of 1200 to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit,but preferably 1450 degrees Fahrenheit, and then baked for 3 to 4 minutes. In the wet method, the process described earlier is applied a second time to the already glass fused baked part, wherein during the second application the modified, lower temperature frit, chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix is substituted for the unmodified, high temperature frit, chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant dry mix.
A glass fusing composition and process having the compositions in the above-stated range is, as compared with previous means for insulating metal motor vehicle parts, improved in extending the useful life of the plated metal, improved in preventing metal fatigue, and improved in corrosion resistance. A glass fusing composition and process having the composing in the above-stated range is, as compared with related previous glass ceramics, improved in thermal resistance, water resistance and said durability and markedly improved in surface smoothness. A glass fusing composition and process having the composition in the above stated ranges can be used to insulate metal automobile parts, roofing materials, and electrical junction boxes. A glass fusing composition and process having the composition in the above stated ranges provides thermal and electrical insulation, spreads heat evenly and cools the article slowly reducing metal fatigue, is chemical, thermal, and electrical corrosion resistant. It will, of course, be understood that modifications of the invention, in its various aspects, will be apparent to those skilled in the art, some being apparent only after study, others being matters of routine mechanical, chemical and electronic design. No single feature, function or property of the preferred embodiment is essential. Other embodiments are also possible, their specific designs depending upon the particular application. As such, the scope of the invention should not be limited by the particular embodiments herein described but should be defined only by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
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Joe
I'm guessing you don't have L2? lol This has more bid support than ever right now and it has every reason too. It's the year of the Tytan. Look at the DD!
Joe
Everyone needs to do there DD and really think about where this company’s going. It won’t be long when people will look back and think that a penny was a score for TYTN…
Here is a brief synopsis of recent activity at Tytan Holdings, Inc.:
1) Mark Leonard will be in China in the middle of May, 2011. These are some of the items on his agenda:
a) Meeting again with the Crawler factory about a new model being made for vineyards and row crops. This machine will feature strong traction for use in narrow passages.
b) Conducting the New Mini 304 factory inspections on the coming shipment, as well as attending the all new factory grand opening.
c) Meeting on new Commercial Chipper designed for rental yards and contractors, as well as inspecting their shipment.
d) Meeting at factory with whom Mr. Leonard has had an excellent relationship since he was CEO of the Rhino Tractor Company in 1988.
e) Meeting with the tractor factory in China, who is preparing to produce a model for Tytan.
f) Meeting with several implement factories and inspecting the new goods being shipped.
g) Meeting with Chinese Stock Market Officials, who invited Mr. Leonard due to his long and fruitful business relationship with the Chinese tractor industry. (See the Global Times article in the NEWS segment of the tytan website www.tytantractor.com.)
h) Meeting with a Chinese coatings factory over numerous potential products.
i) Meeting with factory to build a new smaller chipper then the existing Kingchipper. The
Kingchipper is functionally best with tractors 23-70 hp. This new smaller, self feeding chipper fills a void in the 15-24 hp range.
j) And finally, meeting with a potential, new Tytan Wholesale Distributor for Australia.
Someone's looking for shares right now, don't fall for that crap.
Joe
Great pick Teffy!! Congratulations Steve, that just shows what you’ve already shown to your hundreds of supporters. You my friend are on fire!!!
Joe
Great find Shank!!! If, or should I say when this passes,"The T. Boone Pickens Earmark Bill" The guys one of the richest men in world, he even has water on lock down. lol This is going to be huge...
Thanks,
Joe
I have a feeling the next two years will be even more exciting. I’m more than confident that TYTN will continue to shock people. Since I’ve been invested in Tytan, everything in the PR’s had a way of coming into motion and what’s next on his agenda literally makes it a no brainer.
Here is a brief synopsis of recent activity at Tytan Holdings, Inc.:
1) Mark Leonard will be in China in the middle of May, 2011. These are some of the items on his agenda:
a) Meeting again with the Crawler factory about a new model being made for vineyards and row crops. This machine will feature strong traction for use in narrow passages.
b) Conducting the New Mini 304 factory inspections on the coming shipment, as well as attending the all new factory grand opening.
c) Meeting on new Commercial Chipper designed for rental yards and contractors, as well as inspecting their shipment.
d) Meeting at factory with whom Mr. Leonard has had an excellent relationship since he was CEO of the Rhino Tractor Company in 1988.
e) Meeting with the tractor factory in China, who is preparing to produce a model for Tytan.
f) Meeting with several implement factories and inspecting the new goods being shipped.
g) Meeting with Chinese Stock Market Officials, who invited Mr. Leonard due to his long and fruitful business relationship with the Chinese tractor industry. (See the Global Times article in the NEWS segment of the tytan website www.tytantractor.com.)
h) Meeting with a Chinese coatings factory over numerous potential products.
i) Meeting with factory to build a new smaller chipper then the existing Kingchipper. The
Kingchipper is functionally best with tractors 23-70 hp. This new smaller, self feeding chipper fills a void in the 15-24 hp range.
j) And finally, meeting with a potential, new Tytan Wholesale Distributor for Australia.
I think your opinion is more than possible… The itinerary of Mr. Leonard’s current trip to China seems to me like the company’s more than ready to shock it’s investors with major moves to secure an overwhelming growth for years to come.
Joe
Here is a brief synopsis of recent activity at Tytan Holdings, Inc.:
1) Mark Leonard will be in China in the middle of May, 2011. These are some of the items on his
agenda:
a) Meeting again with the Crawler factory about a new model being made for vineyards and row
crops. This machine will feature strong traction for use in narrow passages.
b) Conducting the New Mini 304 factory inspections on the coming shipment, as well as attending
the all new factory grand opening.
c) Meeting on new Commercial Chipper designed for rental yards and contractors, as well as
inspecting their shipment.
d) Meeting at factory with whom Mr. Leonard has had an excellent relationship since he was CEO
of the Rhino Tractor Company in 1988.
e) Meeting with the tractor factory in China, who is preparing to produce a model for Tytan.
f) Meeting with several implement factories and inspecting the new goods being shipped.
g) Meeting with Chinese Stock Market Officials, who invited Mr. Leonard due to his long and
fruitful business relationship with the Chinese tractor industry. (See the Global Times article in
the NEWS segment of the tytan website www.tytantractor.com.)
h) Meeting with a Chinese coatings factory over numerous potential products.
i) Meeting with factory to build a new smaller chipper then the existing Kingchipper. The
Kingchipper is functionally best with tractors 23-70 hp. This new smaller, self feeding chipper
fills a void in the 15-24 hp range.
j) And finally, meeting with a potential, new Tytan Wholesale Distributor for Australia.
As long as the MM's don't shut down the L2 on this one too, you'll be pretty impressed with where this is going.
Joe
The chart would've never looked like that if the mm's didn't do what they did. This company's way undervalued and has a 22 million float, whatever they seen on L3 must of caused them to shut down L2.
Joe
When I get a chance this weekend, I'll do some DD on that. The order of the first 304 shipment has a retail cost of 3 million plus.
Joe
That's what I got out of the statement. I'll have to look back on the earlier PR's, but I remember the first shipment having around two hundred and fifty 304's. That's a lot of paid units my friend.
Joe
I was just thinking the same thing, I just got done reading the report.
Joe
I just thought this was a pm... Well atleast everyone knows how I feel. lol
Have you ever bought a tractor or implements in Washington during the winter months? lol 6) We anticipate that sales will double with good profitability (since the onetime
manufacturing costs are paid for).
Joe