wow! .. good post Dimension ... I agree with pretty much everything you said.
wrt your friend's promotion ... that's just how it is ... you've just gotta keep working past that "line" of tax levels. Like he did!!
I know people who do not want to win the lottery because then you have to pay all those taxes !! There is just no arguing with that kind of mentality sometimes.
If he turns down the raise (promotion), then he'll surely lose money in the long run. Always take more money or a promotion ... even if it doesn't net much ... progress is still made.