>>>As for iv admin of CX717- well so far we have only seen a significant effect at a high (oral) dose of 2.1g and then it still is somewhere between 20-50%.
The observation that first-exposure responses were consistently more robust than second-exposure responses suggests that there is some habituation going on here, either to the ampakine, to the opioid, or to the hypercapnea. I don't think it matters which, because the indication here is to protect against RD on a one-time basis, so these desensitization effects are irrelevant, essentially an experimental design flaw.
Further, in a clinical setting, the effective analgesic dose administered post-operatively may cause some respiratory depression in most patients, but doesn't lead to apnea, so the utility of an ampakine may be to upregulate respiratory networks to provide a better margin of safety post-operatively, rather than treat full-blown respiratory arrest.
Finally, this really was the wrong protocol to test respiratory depression. What was shown here was that ampakines reduced opioid-induced depression of chemosensory feedback.
Considering how bass-ackwards this whole thing was, the fact that statistical significance was obtained from an n of 7 really does lead me to think that this compound works.