The missing point is .....
This is not NYSE, NYSE American or NASDAQ OTC is builtin board and the rules are different.
No one wants to be a MM in a penny/sub penny stock under the strictest terms of OBLIGATIONS, so BD's (many of which are "Nickle DB's" --minimal capitalization) DO NOT HA\VSE TO BE A REGISTERED MM to provide the Bid/Ask ladders.
Largely because there is not enough money to be made transactionally on stocks at these prices and thinly traded.
Yet most failing micro penny stocks blame the fictitious MM for their problems. While that might have been and many times WAS TRUE in the 90's, it simply is not a factor today and should be removed from the conversation as a distraction.