--Immunotherapy has proven efficacy for other solid tumors and is now a focus for glioblastoma.
--An important component of glioblastoma-mediated immunosuppression stems from soluble factors such as TGF-ß.
--Checkpoint inhibition probably confers a nonspecific state of immune activation that is a promising approach to glioblastoma, given the success of checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma, lung cancer, and renal cancers.
--Current strategies for biomarkers have focused on protein expression, immune cell characterization, and mutational burden.
--Tumor-selective viruses and viral-based vectors have shown increasingly promising results as easy-to-use immunostimulants.