Since we found that Sig-1R activation significantly induces ULK1 phosphorylation and autophagic flux, next, we investigated relative expression levels of key autophagy network factors, representing different setpoints in the autophagy process after treatment of HeLa cells with ANAVEX2-73, employing a qPCR autophagy array (Figure 2C). Most prominently, we found an ANAVEX2-73-mediated induction of the mRNA expression of GABA Type A Receptor Associated Protein Like 1 (GABARAPL1; approximately 2.7-fold increased expression; cut-off for induction was set at the expression level of 1.5), which, like GABARAP, associates with autophagic vesicles and is involved in the autophagy process [48].
2-73 acts upon the S1R (per AVXL), which restores chromatin (per UCSD paper), which then enables gene expression via mRNA for further production of any more needed S1R.