73 Microwatts Proven Effective, need to understand Neuromodulation, Central Sensitization, Afferent Nerves, Stochastic Resonance
Conclusion
"The ActiPatch is a wearable PSWT technology that utilizes low power, PSWT technology to provide relief from chronic, musculoskeletal pain. The technology modulates afferent nerve activity in an incoherent manner by adding to the ambient physiologic “noise”, a phenomenon understood as stochastic resonance. The evidence for modulating afferent nerve activity with PSWT technology was provided in a reflex arc model system, specifically the soleus muscle reflex arc. When PSWT technology such as the ActiPatch was used to stimulate plantar nerves, it led to changes in cardiac parameters such as cardiac index and total peripheral resistance index, indicating activation of plantar, afferent nerves."
"There is increasing evidence that many complex, chronic conditions such as pain of the knee, low back & neck, fibromyalgia and overactive bladder are manifestations of a hypersensitive central nervous system; this phenomenon is referred to as central sensitization. There is growing evidence that neuromodulation is beneficial in managing some of the clinical conditions that are due to central sensitization. Because central sensitization can be mitigated through the provision of new, repetitive information, it is likely that PSWT reduces chronic pain by mitigating central sensitization. QST evidence indicates that pain tolerances were increased in ActiPatch users, which is one of the best ways to quantify changes in central sensitization. Improvements in sleep quality, physical activity and an overall quality of life are supportive of our conclusion that the ActiPatch provides relief from chronic musculoskeletal pain through mitigation of central sensitization, a task accomplished through neuromodulation of afferent nerves."
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