V regresses(decreases) non-calcified plaques and stops progression of calcified plaque.
...significant number of participants did not have regression but had slower progression. Note that for calcified plaque the progression had stopped by 9 months but no additional change by 18 months.
This is difficult one to tease out--LIKELY both mechanisms in play i.e. slowed progression of established calcified plaques and diminished formation of fibro-fatty and fibrous substrate plaques/inflammation leading to calcification. I use to study the calcification of cardiac valves in the past. While there is a clear dynamic cycling (mineralization/de-mineralization) in the bones, it is less so in the ossified non-skeletal tissues. The calcification proteins called Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a family of potent, multifunctional growth factors belonging to transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß). BMP's are involved in cell signaling in LDL cholesterol metabolism; and BMP inhibition may retard atherosclerosis and associated vascular calcification. e.g In one study (https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.219071Circulation Research. 2010;107:485–494) Inhibition of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Protects Against Atherosclerosis and Vascular Calcification More to follow at this years AHA November 2020. HK