DC take in peptides from their environment by receptor mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis. They then regulate the strength of proteolysis at different levels depending on where the DC are derived from and the route of uptake of antigen. There are differences between murine and human proteolysis in DC.
Peptides on MHC 1: often 8-12 amino acids in length Peptides on MHC 2: often 13-17 amino acids in length
Shorter and longer lengths are not uncommon.
A single base pair change can cause the amino acid sequence to switch. How many amino acids the TCR needs to interact with to notice the difference is may be as little as 1 and as many as the whole peptide chain.
Your question is sort of upstream since they are getting tumor specific t-cells to increase and home to the tumor after vaccination.
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