Replies to post #208473 on NorthWest Biotherapeutics Inc (NWBO)

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If this is them - it would be hard not to
agree with them

A little color .........

Ignacio Melero

Results of the CheckMate 040 Trial
discusses study findings on

nivolumab

dose escalation
and expansion in patients with advanced hepatocellular

Nivolumab is a checkpoint inhibitor, a type of immunotherapy drug designed to target the PD-1 protein receptor.Sep 25, 2018

Stefan Zimmermann, MD trial
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Lung Cancer
Combined immunotherapies – potential and pitfalls

John B. Haanen
Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients
with Metastatic Melanoma

Ipilimumab injection may cause severe or life-threatening side effects

Ipilimumab is a type of monoclonal antibody. This medicine is designed to boost the immune system. Normally, a protein called CTLA-4 helps to regulate the immune system by keeping its cells in check. Ipilimumab blocks the activity of CTLA-4, which frees the immune system to act against melanoma cells in the body.

Yervoy is a biologic therapy. It's a kind of man-made antibody (a monoclonal antibody) that blocks a crucial switch on immune cells called CTLA-4. Cancers use this switch to turn off the body's anticancer immune responses.

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Cancer researchers worry immunotherapy may hasten growth of tumors in some patients

The patient’s case was one of a handful described last week in the journal Clinical Cancer

Research. Of the 155 cases studied, eight patients who had been fairly stable before immunotherapy treatment declined rapidly, failing the therapy within two months.

Six saw their tumors enter a hyperactive phase, where the tumors grew by
between 53 percent and 258 percent.

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We have, however, observed a subset of patients who appear to be

"hyper-progressors,"

with a greatly accelerated rate of tumor growth and clinical deterioration compared to pre-therapy, which was also recently reported by Institut Gustave Roussy.

The current study investigated potential genomic markers associated with "hyper-progression" after immunotherapy.

Method: Consecutive stage IV cancer patients who received immunotherapies (CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors or other [investigational] agents) and had their tumor evaluated by next-generation sequencing were analyzed (N=155)

Two of 10 patients with EGFR alterations were ---- also ---- hyper-progressors (53.6% and 125% increase in tumor size; 35.7- and 41.7-fold increase).

Conclusion:

Some patients with MDM2 family amplification or EGFR aberrations had poor clinical outcome and significantly increased rate of tumor growth after single-agent checkpoint (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors.
Genomic profiles may help to identify patients at risk for hyper-progression on immunotherapy.

Further investigation is urgently needed.

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