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05/11/18 7:38 PM

#172421 RE: Lykiri #172409

Lykiri,

That is part of it I believe but there is something even more basic related to the formation of these TNTs that may have put NWBO way out front on all of this perhaps without them even knowing the details for a while.

Years ago I read about how research proved that trees actually communicate with each other by way of pheromones which are what ants and other animals use to mark their trails and send other signals as well. Turns out that when a tree is under attack by a pest a it sends out pheromone distress signals to surrounding trees and this triggers a thickening of cell wall structures to help ward off the pest. Just like in some forms of cancer, some pests are just too destructive in trees and other plants to prevent death or severe damage that leads to secondary infestations and death. This defense mechanism is quite interesting, though, and seems to be highly conserved throughout creation by various signaling pathways. The other part of this is that some pathogens need an open entry point to get started which hail, lightning or wind damage can provide. Older, taller and less flexible trees are more likely to sustain damage which makes them more susceptible to pathogens. This taken along with the fact that they typically are not growing as fast to overcome damage as they might have when in younger form demonstrates how age is a factor in tree and other plant pathology just as it is in humans.

Understanding signalling pathways in pathogens and immune cells is critical to DC therapy success. Remember, some DCs lack the ability to produce TNTs. Best wishes.