When the European Central Bank (ECB), the latecomer in the Quantitative Easing (QE) program announced its Public Sector Purchase Program (PSPP) in 2015, it was said that the program would follow the central bank's capital key structure. The structure is based on individual countries or central bank's contribution to European Central Bank's (ECB) base capital. However, in reality, after years of PSPP, the deviation from key capital ratio is quite large and the gap is likely to grow if ECB continues further on its bond buying program.
According to data, while ECB bought more bonds than key capital for Italy , France , Germany , Spain , Netherlands , and Belgium , it has bought lesser amounts than the key capital for rest of the Eurozone. ECB didn't buy any Greek bonds. The gap is highest for Franc and Italy with around E12 billion. And on the downside, the gap is largest for Portugal (approx. E10 billion).
The gap could continue for many economies and even expand if ECB continues to expand its balance sheet without changing the current rules. To give an example, as of now, ECB has bought E10 billion less of Portugal bonds than key capital ratio requires but the current bond purchase has already hit 30 percent issuer limit, whereas the rules bar ECB from buying more than 33 percent bonds for any issuer.
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