Usually a buyout is of the shares of the company so they negotiate the total value or future value of the company into the shares. Most buyouts are forecasting where a company is going so share prices for the buyout would be at the forecasted value. Or in other words, Company A wants to buy Company B whose current stock price is $1.00 per share, Company B says we are showing a 5000% growth over the next 5 years so we want $20 a share for the buyout keeping in mind the owners hold both preferred and regular shares so they want the highest price they can get.
Obviously there are variations of buyouts, some companies buy and let the current leadership run it. Either way buyout means someone sees real value and the market will reflect it as well.
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