Methylene Blue has been around for years in the operating room and for diagnostic use. We have injected it in patient's total hip joints and other areas to evaluate hip and knee joints for communication with drainage sites. If the drainage comes out blue, you know there is communication, and likely infection. I doubt very much that it is under patent protection, as it is relatively cheap.
One of the claims in U.S. patent 9180106 covers a combination of A2-73 + methylene blue for the treatment of melanoma (the patent application covered "cancer and neuropathic pain," but the final patent is only for melanoma). On the surface, this is not very significant and does not cover this combination for the treatment of Alzheimer's or other neurodegenerative diseases (another patent would be required). However, deeper down this could be important. First (and most important), the two compounds appear to be safe when used together. Second, there is pre-clinical evidence for a synergistic relationship between A2-73 and methylene blue for at least one indication (hence the patent). Third, A2-73 and methylene blue (via TauRx's LMTX) are being tested independently as treatments for Alzheimer's. Should both prove beneficial, the fact that they are safe together and potentially synergistic could make the two drugs pals and not competitors.
Alzheimer's is complicated and likely requires a mulit-faceted approach. I doubt we will ever see "one pill to cure them all." Combinations of safe and effective therapies will almost certainly be the way to treat this and other neurodegenerative diseases in the not-so-distant future. So, other potential therapies (like LMTX) are less competition and more vehicles for greater exposure for A2-73 if you ask me.