Plastic2Oil Inc (PTOI)

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HDS - Diesel

http://www.envisionsys.com/simulations/simulations-refineries/hds-diesel#anchor

HDS Tutorial

Diesel Hydrotreater Simulation



Copyright © 2009 by EnVision Systems Inc. All rights reserved worldwide.
HDS Tutorial

This interactive HDS tutorial provides an overview, fundamental principles, control principles and operating principles for an ultra-low sulfur diesel/gas-oil hydrotreater unit, using voice, video, animation and graphics.

The principles taught for the hydrodesulfurization unit (HDS) are also applicable to other hydrotreating units, such as naphtha, gasoline, aviation gas/kerosene or cat-feed hydrotreaters.

The topics covered are:
Overview

Introduction
Importance of Hydrotreating (HDS)
Various Hydrotreating (HDS) Processes
Diesel-HDS Unit Overview

HDS Components

Feed Preparation and Preheat Section
Reactor Section
Reactor Effluent Cooling and Separation Section
Amine Absorber
Recycle Gas Compressor
Make-up Hydrogen
Product Stripping Section

Principles of HDS

Hydrotreating Reactions
Reaction Kinetics
Hydrotreating Catalyst
Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration

Key Process Variables

Unit Pressure
Reactor Temperature
Quench Strategy
Separator Temperatures
Wash Water
Treat Gas Rate and Hydrogen Purity
Feed Vaporization
Hydrogen Partial Pressure
Hydrogen Consumption
Product Stripper and Vacuum Drier
Safeguard System

Introduction
Unit Depressurization
Reactor High Temperature Shutdown
Reactor Feed Shutdown
Feed Furnace Shutdown
Recycle Gas Compressor Shutdown
High Pressure Separator Safeguards
Absorber Safeguards

Startup Operation

Pre-Startup Check
Purging
Reactor Loop Pressurization
Reactor Heat Up and Feed Preparation
Introduce Feed to Reactor
Achieve Product Specification
Achieve Design Operating Condition

Shutdown Operation

Feed Reduction and Shutdown
Reactor Bed Dry Out
Product Stripper and Vacuum Drier Shutdown
Reactor Cool down

Troubleshooting

High Reactor Temperature
Loss of Feed to Reactor
Loss of Recycle Gas Compressor
Loss of Make-up Hydrogen
Product Stripper and Vacuum Drier

Copyright © 2009 by EnVision Systems Inc. All rights reserved worldwide.


Diesel Hydrotreater Simulation

The HDS simulation is a rigorous and high-fidelity mathematical process model that provides a realistic dynamic response for a hydrodesulfurization unit.

Process Overview:

The gas oil or diesel HDS unit primarily removes sulfur, nitrogen and other impurities from diesel-fraction for sale as ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD).

Major Sections:

Feed Preparation and Preheat Section
Reactor Section
Reactor Effluent Cooling and Separation Section
Amine Absorber
Recycle Gas Compressor Section
Make-Up Hydrogen Section
Product Stripper Section
Vacuum Drying Section

Major Operations for Trainee Practice:

Startup and Shutdown Operations
Normal Operations
Emergency Shutdown Operations
Troubleshooting Equipment, Instrument and Control Valve Malfunctions
Malfunction Recovery Actions

Simulation Features:

Hydrotreating Reactions:
Olefin Saturation
Aromatic Saturation
Desulfurization
Denitrogenation
Effect on Hydrotreating:
Temperature and Pressure
H2 Partial Pressure
H2 to Oil Ratio
Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (LHSV)
Feed Sulfur and Nitrogen Content
Make-Up Hydrogen Composition
Catalyst Activity Decay
H2S and NH3 Inhibition Effect on Catalyst Activity
Interlock/Safeguard System
Diesel Product Properties such as Sulfur, Nitrogen, ASTM Analysis, Flash Point, Cetane Index and Specific Gravity