Saturday, December 22, 2012 12:01:57 PM
APOCALYPSE PICTURES: 10 Failed Doomsday Prophecies
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius
Artwork by Peter V. Bianchi, National Geographic Stock
November 4, 2009—Just as some people today believe a Maya calendar pinpoints 2012 as the end of the world as we know it, some ancient Romans saw the A.D. 79 eruption of Mount Vesuvius (pictured: Pompeiians flee the city in an illustration) as a sign of a coming apocalypse. (See "2012 Prophecies Sparking Real Fears, Suicide Warnings.")
That's because Roman philosopher Seneca, who died in A.D. 65, had predicted the Earth would go up in smoke: "All we see and admire today will burn in the universal fire that ushers in a new, just, happy world," he said, according to the 1999 book Apocalypses.
(Test your Armageddon knowledge on the National Geographic Channel Web site.)
The end never came, but that hasn't stopped people—over centuries and across cultures—from forecasting our collective doom. Click through the gallery for a sampling of end-of-the-Earth scenarios.
November 4, 2009
-------------
Great Fire of London
Artwork from Getty Images/Bridgeman Art Library
Many Christian Europeans entered the year 1666 with trepidation: The Bible describes 666 as the ominous Number of the Beast.
A prolonged plague that had wiped out much of London's populace in 1665 didn't help assuage fears, and when the Great Fire of London (pictured in an illustration) occurred, many believed their time had come.
For instance, Londoners saw the fire as "dreadful judgment—God's wrath visited at last on a sinful Earth," according to the 2002 book The Great Fire of London: In That Apocalyptic Year, 1666.
November 4, 2009
-----------------
Halley's Comet
Artwork courtesy Library of Congress
The appearance of Halley's comet—which is seen from Earth every 76 years—has been seen as an omen of disaster throughout history.
The comet's impending arrival in 1910, for instance, stirred apocalyptic hysteria among Europeans and Americans (pictured, a French cartoon ridiculing the doomsayers), many of whom believed that the comet's tail contained a gas "that would impregnate the atmosphere and possibly snuff out all life on the planet," according to French astronomer Camille Flammarion, as quoted in the book Apocalypses.
Some profited from the panic: Sales of masks and "comet pills" skyrocketed, as did oxygen supplies, especially in Rome, where people hoped to keep themselves alive on bottled air until Earth passed through the comet's tail, the book said.
November 4, 2009
-------------------
Planetary Alignments
Photograph by Your Shot user Benjamin Cooper
The moon and Venus join together in a conjunction over the Ponce Inlet Lighthouse in Florida on February 27, 2009.
Such planetary alignments have inspired many doomsday forecasts, particularly around the May 5, 2000, conjunction, when Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn lined up with the sun and the moon, according to New Scientist.
Author Richard Noone predicted ice would overtake the world (see eighth photo), and "psychic archaeologist" Jeffrey Goodman asserted in his 1977 book We Are the Earthquake Generation that "quakes and volcanoes [will be] set off around the world and a rift [will] open up as the Earth splits in several places to relieve the stress produced by the shift," New Scientist reported.
(See related picture: "Venus, Jupiter, Moon Smile on Earth.")
But doom and gloom can also spark scientific innovation, as occurred in 1774 in Friesland, the Netherlands. A vicar hoping to boost his congregation circulated a "little book of doom" that said the solar system would be demolished during an upcoming conjunction, according to New Scientist.
As townspeople's panic grew, an amateur astronomer built a planetarium in his living room to allay concerns and explain the true movements of the planets—now the oldest working mechanical planetarium in the world.
November 4, 2009
------------------------
Jehovah's Witnesses
Photograph from Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Since its founding in the 1870s, the Jehovah's Witnesses, a Christian offshoot, had prophesied that the world would end in 1914 (above, a Jehovah's Witness family hangs posters in the 1930s).
Though nothing of the sort happened in 1914, ever since then, the religion's followers have been predicting that the world will end "shortly," according to the 1997 book Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses.
November 4, 2009
----------------
Pat Robertson
Photograph by Gene J. Puskar, AP
Television evangelist Pat Robertson (pictured in a 2000 photograph) preached that sometime in the 1980s, Jesus would return to Earth.
The event—called the Rapture—was forecast based on writings in the Bible, specifically I Thessalonians, which states: "For the Lord Himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet of God. And the dead in Christ shall rise first; then we who are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air," according to The Atlantic.
Under that scenario, unbelievers and Satan will be trapped in a lake of fire, where they will be tormented day and night forever, the Atlantic said. Fire will also destroy Earth and replace it with a new heaven and Earth, where believers—or the redeemed—will live.
November 4, 2009
-------------
Comet Hale-Bopp
Photograph by Alastair Grant, AP
The extremely bright comet Hale-Bopp, discovered in 1995, last buzzed Earth in March 1997 (above, the tail seen over Stonehenge on March 28)—but its appearance was met with tragedy.
Thirty-nine people, part of a religious group called Heaven's Gate, committed suicide in California when the comet was at its closest. The group believed that a UFO riding the comet's wake would rescue them from a doomed Earth.
The followers thought that Lucifer controlled the Earth and that humans "were about to perish in apocalyptic flames," according to the book Apocalypses.
November 4, 2009
-------------------
Richard Noone
Photograph by Paul Nicklen, National Geographic Stock
In his 1997 book Ice: The Ultimate Disaster, author Richard Noone predicted that on May 5, 2000, the planets would perfectly align—and end life as we know it by sending melting ice (above, the Austfonna ice cap melts during the Arctic summer) barreling toward Earth's Equator.
Noone argued in the book that Earth's previous axis shifts had coincided with tremendous climatic changes—such as ice ages—and that such "almost unimaginable results" would happen again.
No such calamity occurred, and many scientists are now concerned about ice for another reason: Warming temperatures are gradually causing the world's frozen regions to melt away.
November 4, 2009
--------
Year 2000
Photograph by Steve Liss, Time Life Pictures/Getty Images
The Head family displays survival supplies meant to carry the family through the supposed millennium apocalypse caused by the Y2K computer bug in an undated photograph.
A 1984 computer-trade publication first warned of a cataclysm occurring on January 1, 2000, the Wall Street Journal reported, when a bug caused by a calculation error would cripple computers and other machines and lead to mass chaos. The column described how to purchase an anti-Y2K amulet and lifesaving Y2K-repair tools, the paper said.
Evangelicals also recommended that their followers stockpile food and prepare for the worst, according to the Washington Post. Such leaders as Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson (see sixth photo) hinted that the turn of the millennium would bring Christ's return, as described in the Book of Revelation, the Post reported.
November 4, 2009
--------------
Large Hadron Collider
Photograph by Salvatore Di Nolfi, Keystone/AP
When the Large Hadron Collider fired up in September 2009, some critics speculated that the world's biggest atom smasher could spawn a black hole that would devour Earth.
A small group of physicists argued that there was a very, very remote chance that a black hole could be created, assume an odd orbit within Earth, and eat up microscopic chunks of matter until the entire planet was gone.
This and other harrowing—and equally unlikely—scenarios prompted a couple of independent scientists to sue in spring 2008 to stop the atom smasher.
However, the concern was for naught: the collider worked without disastrous consequences.
November 4, 2009
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/11/photogalleries/maya-2012-failed-apocalypses/#/mount-vesuvius-eruption_11566_600x450.jpg
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/2012/12/121219-maya-calendar-2012-predictions-end-of-world-apocalypse/?source=email_inside&utm_source=NatGeocom&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=inside_20121222&utm_campaign=Content
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius
Artwork by Peter V. Bianchi, National Geographic Stock
November 4, 2009—Just as some people today believe a Maya calendar pinpoints 2012 as the end of the world as we know it, some ancient Romans saw the A.D. 79 eruption of Mount Vesuvius (pictured: Pompeiians flee the city in an illustration) as a sign of a coming apocalypse. (See "2012 Prophecies Sparking Real Fears, Suicide Warnings.")
That's because Roman philosopher Seneca, who died in A.D. 65, had predicted the Earth would go up in smoke: "All we see and admire today will burn in the universal fire that ushers in a new, just, happy world," he said, according to the 1999 book Apocalypses.
(Test your Armageddon knowledge on the National Geographic Channel Web site.)
The end never came, but that hasn't stopped people—over centuries and across cultures—from forecasting our collective doom. Click through the gallery for a sampling of end-of-the-Earth scenarios.
November 4, 2009
-------------
Great Fire of London
Artwork from Getty Images/Bridgeman Art Library
Many Christian Europeans entered the year 1666 with trepidation: The Bible describes 666 as the ominous Number of the Beast.
A prolonged plague that had wiped out much of London's populace in 1665 didn't help assuage fears, and when the Great Fire of London (pictured in an illustration) occurred, many believed their time had come.
For instance, Londoners saw the fire as "dreadful judgment—God's wrath visited at last on a sinful Earth," according to the 2002 book The Great Fire of London: In That Apocalyptic Year, 1666.
November 4, 2009
-----------------
Halley's Comet
Artwork courtesy Library of Congress
The appearance of Halley's comet—which is seen from Earth every 76 years—has been seen as an omen of disaster throughout history.
The comet's impending arrival in 1910, for instance, stirred apocalyptic hysteria among Europeans and Americans (pictured, a French cartoon ridiculing the doomsayers), many of whom believed that the comet's tail contained a gas "that would impregnate the atmosphere and possibly snuff out all life on the planet," according to French astronomer Camille Flammarion, as quoted in the book Apocalypses.
Some profited from the panic: Sales of masks and "comet pills" skyrocketed, as did oxygen supplies, especially in Rome, where people hoped to keep themselves alive on bottled air until Earth passed through the comet's tail, the book said.
November 4, 2009
-------------------
Planetary Alignments
Photograph by Your Shot user Benjamin Cooper
The moon and Venus join together in a conjunction over the Ponce Inlet Lighthouse in Florida on February 27, 2009.
Such planetary alignments have inspired many doomsday forecasts, particularly around the May 5, 2000, conjunction, when Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn lined up with the sun and the moon, according to New Scientist.
Author Richard Noone predicted ice would overtake the world (see eighth photo), and "psychic archaeologist" Jeffrey Goodman asserted in his 1977 book We Are the Earthquake Generation that "quakes and volcanoes [will be] set off around the world and a rift [will] open up as the Earth splits in several places to relieve the stress produced by the shift," New Scientist reported.
(See related picture: "Venus, Jupiter, Moon Smile on Earth.")
But doom and gloom can also spark scientific innovation, as occurred in 1774 in Friesland, the Netherlands. A vicar hoping to boost his congregation circulated a "little book of doom" that said the solar system would be demolished during an upcoming conjunction, according to New Scientist.
As townspeople's panic grew, an amateur astronomer built a planetarium in his living room to allay concerns and explain the true movements of the planets—now the oldest working mechanical planetarium in the world.
November 4, 2009
------------------------
Jehovah's Witnesses
Photograph from Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Since its founding in the 1870s, the Jehovah's Witnesses, a Christian offshoot, had prophesied that the world would end in 1914 (above, a Jehovah's Witness family hangs posters in the 1930s).
Though nothing of the sort happened in 1914, ever since then, the religion's followers have been predicting that the world will end "shortly," according to the 1997 book Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses.
November 4, 2009
----------------
Pat Robertson
Photograph by Gene J. Puskar, AP
Television evangelist Pat Robertson (pictured in a 2000 photograph) preached that sometime in the 1980s, Jesus would return to Earth.
The event—called the Rapture—was forecast based on writings in the Bible, specifically I Thessalonians, which states: "For the Lord Himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet of God. And the dead in Christ shall rise first; then we who are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air," according to The Atlantic.
Under that scenario, unbelievers and Satan will be trapped in a lake of fire, where they will be tormented day and night forever, the Atlantic said. Fire will also destroy Earth and replace it with a new heaven and Earth, where believers—or the redeemed—will live.
November 4, 2009
-------------
Comet Hale-Bopp
Photograph by Alastair Grant, AP
The extremely bright comet Hale-Bopp, discovered in 1995, last buzzed Earth in March 1997 (above, the tail seen over Stonehenge on March 28)—but its appearance was met with tragedy.
Thirty-nine people, part of a religious group called Heaven's Gate, committed suicide in California when the comet was at its closest. The group believed that a UFO riding the comet's wake would rescue them from a doomed Earth.
The followers thought that Lucifer controlled the Earth and that humans "were about to perish in apocalyptic flames," according to the book Apocalypses.
November 4, 2009
-------------------
Richard Noone
Photograph by Paul Nicklen, National Geographic Stock
In his 1997 book Ice: The Ultimate Disaster, author Richard Noone predicted that on May 5, 2000, the planets would perfectly align—and end life as we know it by sending melting ice (above, the Austfonna ice cap melts during the Arctic summer) barreling toward Earth's Equator.
Noone argued in the book that Earth's previous axis shifts had coincided with tremendous climatic changes—such as ice ages—and that such "almost unimaginable results" would happen again.
No such calamity occurred, and many scientists are now concerned about ice for another reason: Warming temperatures are gradually causing the world's frozen regions to melt away.
November 4, 2009
--------
Year 2000
Photograph by Steve Liss, Time Life Pictures/Getty Images
The Head family displays survival supplies meant to carry the family through the supposed millennium apocalypse caused by the Y2K computer bug in an undated photograph.
A 1984 computer-trade publication first warned of a cataclysm occurring on January 1, 2000, the Wall Street Journal reported, when a bug caused by a calculation error would cripple computers and other machines and lead to mass chaos. The column described how to purchase an anti-Y2K amulet and lifesaving Y2K-repair tools, the paper said.
Evangelicals also recommended that their followers stockpile food and prepare for the worst, according to the Washington Post. Such leaders as Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson (see sixth photo) hinted that the turn of the millennium would bring Christ's return, as described in the Book of Revelation, the Post reported.
November 4, 2009
--------------
Large Hadron Collider
Photograph by Salvatore Di Nolfi, Keystone/AP
When the Large Hadron Collider fired up in September 2009, some critics speculated that the world's biggest atom smasher could spawn a black hole that would devour Earth.
A small group of physicists argued that there was a very, very remote chance that a black hole could be created, assume an odd orbit within Earth, and eat up microscopic chunks of matter until the entire planet was gone.
This and other harrowing—and equally unlikely—scenarios prompted a couple of independent scientists to sue in spring 2008 to stop the atom smasher.
However, the concern was for naught: the collider worked without disastrous consequences.
November 4, 2009
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/11/photogalleries/maya-2012-failed-apocalypses/#/mount-vesuvius-eruption_11566_600x450.jpg
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/2012/12/121219-maya-calendar-2012-predictions-end-of-world-apocalypse/?source=email_inside&utm_source=NatGeocom&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=inside_20121222&utm_campaign=Content
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