Avid Bioservices Inc (CDMO)

[Fire Fox]

I probably oversimplified the second explanation. What I was told had to do with a series of Thorpe papers back in 2003 and 2004 where he examined closely PS on tumor vasculature and determined that cells exposing PS in the tumor environment behave in fundamentally different ways from apoptotic cells that expose PS.

In other words, all cells exposing PS are not equal. Depending on the character and function of the cell, it seems the PS (and the other signaling mechanisms on the cell membrane) will throw off different kinds of signals to the immune system.

Lastly, it appears there is a third mechanism at work that has to do with the sheer volume of PS. In HIV, there is so much PS floating around on microparticles and the outer coat of virons that the immune system gets overwhelmed and shuts down in different ways than when it is facing a small volume of PS.

Lots of room here for more research.