Lightwave Logic Inc (LWLG)

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X, more on Shannon Limit, Shannon Limit >> the truth is that even DSP is reaching its inherent limit! that's right, complex modulation schemes of today's fastest chips are reaching their limits!

Error-Correction Coding
Michael Parker, in Digital Signal Processing 101 (Second Edition), 2017

12.8 Shannon Capacity and Limit Theorems
No discussion on coding should be concluded without at least a mention of the Shannon capacity theorem and Shannon limit. The Shannon capacity theorem defines the maximum amount of information, or data capacity, which can be sent over any channel or medium (wireless, coax, twister pair, fiber etc.).

where

C is the channel capacity in bits per second (or maximum rate of data)

B is the bandwidth in Hz available for data transmission

S is the received signal power

N is the total channel noise power across bandwidth B

What this says is that higher the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio and more the channel bandwidth, the higher the possible data rate. This equation sets the theoretical upper limit on data rate, which of course is not fully achieved in practice.

It does not make any limitation on how low the achievable error rate will be. That is dependent on the coding method used.

As a consequence of this, the minimum SNR required for data transmission can be calculated. This is known as the Shannon limit, and it occurs as the available bandwidth goes to infinity.

where

Eb is the energy per bit

N0 is the noise power density in Watts/Hz (N = B N0)

If the Eb/N0 falls below this level, no modulation method or error-correction method will allow data transmission.

These relationships define maximum theoretical limits, against which the performance of practical modulation and coding techniques can be compared against. As newer coding methods are developed, we are able to get closer and closer to the Shannon limit, usually at the expense of higher complexity and computational rates.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/shannon-limit

here is a good visualization for you,

https://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=AwrU8NWf5XBeWjcAzFJXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTEyNGZhZjg5BGNvbG8DZ3ExBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjk3NjVfMQRzZWMDc2M-?p=dsp+faces+shannon+limit&fr=mcafee#id=8&iurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazettabyte.com%2Fstorage%2Fimage001.jpg%3F__SQUARESPACE_CACHEVERSION%3D1427825294573&action=click

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