Lightwave Logic Inc (LWLG)

[tkg]

A Lumentum white paper... I believe we'll be hearing the phrase "The Shannon Limit" much more in the near future...

Introducing the 6th Generation of Optical Networking – Carrier and Spatial Division
Multiplexing (CSDM) 2023

The Shannon Limit
The first of these is a fundamental limitation in the amount of information that can be packed into an optical fiber, commonly referred to as the Shannon limit. This impending limitation, which is widely recognized and understood across the industry, is a significant milestone in optical networking and states that, for a given transmission length, there is a finite limit to the amount of information that can be encoded within the available optical spectrum. Figure 2 shows how this limitation translates into achievable capacity in the C band as a function of transmission reach.

Given that capacity continues to grow exponentially, the interface rate must continue to increase over time as has been the case historically in order to maintain similar year-on-year reductions is $/Gb, and ensure cost effective capacity growth. With baud rate scaling reaching a practical limit, a new generational approach is required to continue to scale coherent transceiver capacity.

Carrier Division Multiplexing (CDM)
With spectral efficiency saturating for a given reach as predicted by the Shannon limit, increasing coherent transceiver interface capacity requires an increase in signal bandwidth. This has been achieved to date by scaling baud rate. Given that the achievable baud rate of coherent transceivers is rapidly approaching a technological limit due to practical RF limitations, scaling signal bandwidth in the 6th generation will require the use of multiple, closely spaced coherently modulated optical carriers starting with 2 and increasing to 4, then 8 in subsequent transceiver iterations. This approach to coherent transceiver capacity scaling can be referred to as carrier division multiplexing.

https://resource.lumentum.com/s3fs-public/technical-library-items/csdm-wp-oc-ae.pdf

Lightwave Logic is in the right place at the right time!