NorthWest Biotherapeutics Inc (NWBO)

[HyGro]

They didn't have a choice but to use an external comparator as they blew the internal comparator arm with the crossover. They also blew the naïve OS endpoint by confounding it by double dosing the treatment arm when the comparators were not (reported by NWBO in SEC 10K). They are trying to fix it by statistical methods.

They really adopted the external comparator when the post hoc data dredged the recurrent OS endpoint as they had no plan for a comparator and had to make one up -- the only option is an external comparator. So since they had to do it with recurrent OS endpoint, and they confounded the internal comparator for the naïve OS, it gave them an out.