Excerpt - Over the past four years, Russia has used cyber operations to engage in espionage, disinformation campaigns, and supply chain disruptions. While the tools and tactics of each operation vary, their overarching goal is to weaken the United States through a digital assault on its diplomatic, intelligence, military, and economic wherewithal. The Kremlin has embraced an asymmetric strategy because it lacks the economic and conventional military might to compete directly with the United States.1 Indeed, Russia uses non-kinetic, covert, or deniable means such as CEEW.
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