NorthWest Biotherapeutics Inc (NWBO)

[HyGro]

Let's take the NIH's understanding of confounding:

"In a clinical trial, this can happen when the distribution of a known prognostic factor differs between groups being compared. Confounding factors may mask an actual association or, more commonly, falsely demonstrate an apparent association between the treatment and outcome when no real association between them exists."

From: "Assessing Bias: The Importance of Considering Confounding"
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3503514/#:~:text=In%20a%20clinical%20trial%2C%20this,real%20association%20between%20them%20exists.