Precious Metals

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They have a brand new mechanism that has never been used before in a vaccine, ie gene therapy/modification

mRNA vaccines are not gene therapy. mRNA does not alter the DNA or actual sequence of a gene. mRNA is delivered encased in lipid nanoparticles which degrades to release the mRNA. The (m = messenger) mRNA then delivers a blueprint to ribosomes to manufacture only the spike protein part of the COVID virus. The spike protein has no functional ability to infect on it's own. The mRNA has a very short life of only a few days at most so it's effect is temporary. Once the mRNA degrades the ribosomes stop producing the spike protein however the antibodies that react to the synthetic COVID spike protein persist and give us immunity to the actual virus through the memory of the adaptive immune system.

IMO the speed of approving the vaccine for EUA and the pending full approval is really a consequence of the urgency to fund and get the trials enrolled quickly and the high priority granted to review data which you don't ordinarily see in drug development.

mRNA vaccines have been under development for over 15 years against pathogens such as ebola, zika, rabies, influenza, and cytomegalovirus. Moderna has been developing mRNA therapies since 2010...

How the Moderna Covid-19 mRNA vaccine was made so quickly
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/03/how-moderna-made-its-mrna-covid-vaccine-so-quickly-noubar-afeyan.html

Over a decade of research to innovate mRNA as a ‘bioplatform’
One of the reasons Moderna’s mRNA Covid vaccine development moved so quickly is because scientists had been working with mRNA for years.

“Messenger RNA technologies have been in development from a basic science perspective for over 15 years,” Kizzmekia Corbet, the scientific lead for the Coronavirus Vaccines & Immunopathogenesis Team at NIH, who helped make the vaccine possible, told the NIH Record.

And Moderna has been working with mRNA technology “since its inception in 2010 for myriad therapeutic areas,” including cancer therapies, Afeyan tells CNBC Make It (by way of a spokesperson), and with clinical development of mRNA-based antiviral vaccines since 2015.

What Moderna did over many of those years was develop mRNA as what scientists call a bioplatform, which allows for speedier vaccine development. Bioplatforms are systems that can easily be scaled and tailored for many different diseases.

Traditionally, developing any vaccine essentially has been a bespoke effort.

“The benefits of a bioplatform is the ability to quickly redeploy the platform once established and refined — in the case of Moderna’s mRNA platform, to create and test new vaccines based on new viral sequences,” Afeyan tells CNBC Make It (by way of a spokesperson).

Moderna's first mRNA human dosing began in 2015...

https://www.modernatx.com/about-us/modernas-key-milestones-and-advancements

2015:
Moderna initiates first-in-human dosing for mRNA 1440 against avian H10N8 influenza

2017:
Moderna initiates first-in-human dosing for mRNA-2416 , its OX40 ligand intratumoral immunotherapy

Moderna initates first-in-human dosing for mRNA-1647, a vaccine candidate to protect against cytomegalovirus

Moderna initiates first-in-human dosing for mRNA-1653, a multivalent vaccine to protect against human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza virus