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Wednesday, July 03, 2019 5:57:38 PM
Investor Relations: ZERO © 2012 STWA, Inc.
It has been shown that an electric field of sufficient strength (about 1 kV/mm)
properly applied to crude oil for a sufficient length of time (approximately several seconds) can cause the suspended particles to aggregate and substantially reduce the effective viscosity of the crude oil.
Subsequently, the aggregated particles gradually dissemble under Brownian motion, causing the effective viscosity of the suspension to gradually increase over time. This dissembling process is relatively slow, taking several hours for the effective viscosity to return to its original value.
Now this next bit about difficulties applying the right power in the AOT is interesting. The right power may need to be adjusted as the oil supply varies, hence a very complex high tech power supply.
If the induced dipole moments are too large and/or the electric field is applied for too long a time duration, the particles quickly aggregate into macroscopic chains or columns and jam the liquid flow, thereby increasing the effective viscosity. On the other hand, if the induced dipole moments are too small, the dipole interactions are too weak to overcome the thermal Brownian motion in the fluid, and clusters are not formed.
Hence, both the electric field strength and time duration over which the field is applied must be optimized to form clusters of sufficient size such that the effective viscosity of the suspension is reduced.
In one of Tao's reports, he notes:
"However, after the electric field reaches 1100 V/mm, a further increase of the electric field mainly makes the chains thicker, leading to a higher intrinsic viscosity. Therefore, it is clear that there is an optimal electric field for the viscosity reduction and it is not true that the higher the electric field, the more the viscosity reduction."
How much energy does the AOT need compared to the energy used by the pump station? earth1 did answer that question back in August 2015.
From the most recent Tao publication, the implied treatment energy use is Kilowatt hours 0.0000346 kWh/barrel, which is just irrelevant in terms of pipeline power use.
The AOT itself only draws 720 watts, less than a kettle! Lets say they up the power supply by 10X, which I doubt would be necessary, then gosh it might use the equivalent of ten electric kettles. Still by any measure, inconsequential for a pipeline.
For reference the most recent and relevant information on this was published in the American Physical Society publication.
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