NorthWest Biotherapeutics Inc (NWBO)

[sentiment_stocks]

Oh... back to your question about the neoadjuvant trial... yes... she did say Nivo - not Keytruda.

I was transcribing the trial, and I think that this point was right around the time that you posted the broken up transcription from that program (which I subsequently downloaded). Anyhow, I missed a statement right before Nivo (which she does say instead of Keytruda - oops) I think because I was deleting the times that accompanied your transcription.

We also just recently… Tim Cloughesy, who's our neuro-oncologist, and our group, recently published a paper in Nature Medicine just

last month on the use of these checkpoint inhibitors. And another concept that came out of this recently is that the timing of treatments makes a difference. So this was just a very simple study. It was using one drug, Nivolumab, it’s a checkpoint inhibitor. And the two arms… the difference between this arm and that arm was just the timing of when you gave it. So basically, one group got the checkpoint inhibitor before surgery and one group got the checkpoint inhibitor after surgery. So one group got it before, and then after… meaning neoadjuvant and adjuvant… and one group just got adjuvant. These checkpoint inhibitor trials have been done previously, and they actually all failed as a single agent for glioblastoma. But it did seem to extend survival if you did it before surgery. And the reason we think immunologically that is is because you actually need the antigen present in order to induce an immune response. So if you take the tumor out before you induce the immune response to the tumor, you actually don't get the effect. So that's why giving it before surgery while you have the tumor there to induce your, you know, immune response, your t-cell response, and then giving it subsequently after, actually makes a difference. So this is kind of really you know actually renewed interest in these kind of checkpoint inhibitor and immunotherapy trials. So, you know, so it kind of for a while when all those trials failed people used to think well they're not going to work for a glioblastoma.

The above sentence in red is what I'd missed.

I'll post the entire transcription next. I definitely benefited from using your's, and I just edited it as I went a long listening to the actual presentation. Quite a few funny interpretations of what she'd said in there, as you indicated. :)