Next Generation Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries, also referred to as the Silicon Deep Dive Program, is a five National Laboratory consortium assembled to tackle the barriers associated with development of an advanced lithium-ion negative electrode based upon silicon as the active material. This research program baselines promising silicon materials that can be developed or obtained in quantities sufficient for electrode preparation within the consortium facilities. Composite electrode and full cell development leverages recent investments made by DOE-EERE-VTO in electrode materials and characterization. The primary objective of this program is to understand and eliminate the barriers to implementation of a silicon based anode in lithium-ion cells. The Labs are focused on a single program with continuous interaction, clear protocols for analysis, and targets for developing both the understanding and cell chemistry associated with advance negative electrodes for lithiumion cells. First and foremost, this undertaking is a full electrode/full cell chemistry project leveraging baseline electrodes prepared at the consortium facilities. All efforts are directed to understanding and developing the chemistry needed for advancing silicon-based anodes operating in full cells. Materials development efforts include active material development, binder synthesis, coatings, safety, and electrolyte additives. Efforts include diagnostic research from all partners, which span a wide range of electrochemical, chemical and structural characterization of the system across length- and time-scales. Specialized characterization techniques developed with DOE-EERE-VTO funding, include neutrons, NMR, optical, and X-ray techniques being employed to understand operation and failure mechanisms in silicon-based anodes. In addition, several strategies to mitigate lithium loss are being assessed. The project is managed as a single team effort spanning the Labs, with consensus decisions driving research directions and toward development of high-energy density lithium-ion batteries.
Objectives ? Understand and overcome the science and technology barriers to the use of silicon-based anodes in high-energy density lithium-ion batteries for transportation applications. o Stabilize the SEI o Stabilize the electrode
Silicon (Si) stands out as a next-generation active anode material due to its high specific capacity of ~ 4200 mAh/g and high volumetric capacity of ~ 2400 mAh/cm3 compared to graphite and also with some advantages such as low cost, no toxicity, and high safety.[
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