Fatty acids modulate the efficacy of lutein in cataract prevention: Assessment of oxidative and inflammatory parameters in rats.
Padmanabha S1, Vallikannan B2.
Author information
1
Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India.
2
Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: baskaranv@cftri.res.in.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Effects of lutein (L) and fatty acids [linoleic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)+docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and oleic acid (OA)] on oxidative stress and inflammation in cataract were assessed.
METHODS:
Cataract was induced in male Wistar rat pups (11 days old) by giving a single dose of sodium selenite (25 µM/kg body weight) by IP. Lutein (1.3 µmol/kg body weight) was given one day before and five days after selenite injection as a micelle with 7.5 mM LA, or 7.5 mM EPA + DHA or 7.5 mM OA. Serum and lens oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters having a bearing cataract were assessed.
RESULTS:
Serum and lens nitric oxide, MDA and protein carbonyls were significantly (p?<?0.05) increased in cataract compared to control and experimental groups. Catalase, SOD, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase activity and glutathione level in serum and lens of cataract group were significantly (p?<?0.05) decreased. Serum eicosanoids (PGE2, LTB4, and LTC4) and cytokines (CRP, TNF-a, IL1-ß, and MCP-1) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in cataract. The activity of cPLA2 and Cox-2 in cataract lens was higher (p < 0.05) compared to other groups. EP-1, NOS-2 and NF-kB expression were higher (p < 0.05) in cataract. The ratio of water insoluble to water soluble protein was increased in cataract lens. Group administered with L + EPA + DHA exhibited highest cataract prevention compared to L + LA and L + OA. Pups given lutein with EPA + DHA had the highest amount of lutein in the lens.
CONCLUSIONS:
The anti-cataract activity of lutein was influenced by fatty acids and found to be highest with EPA + DHA compared to LA or OA.
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