It depends on the State. Some do, some don't, which is why a blanket statement that all post-dated checks with insufficient funds is not a crime is wrong.
Clark County, Nevada (which includes Las Vegas, among other communities) is probably the most aggressive about prosecuting bad checks in the US. The DA's Office has a dedicated "Bad Check Unit", which was created as a result of delinquent gambling debts, but handles all kinds of bad checks and really actually does obtain a significant amount of restitution. People tend to pay up when the DA comes calling.
As you can see on the FAQ on the website, they won't prosecute post-dated checks.
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