NorthWest Biotherapeutics Inc (NWBO)

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Active controls?

Both IMUC and CLDX used/are using active controls.

With IMUC, they used activated dendritic cells without peptide pulsing for their placebo. IMUC learned from NWBO, and IMUC will use PBMC placebo in their upcoming phase III trial.

CLDX is using KLH as their placebo in the newly diagnosed GBM phase III blinded trial. (Keyhole Limpet hemocyanin (KLH) has been used as an anticancer agent by itself.) There is a thin margin of error for the Celldex trial as indicated by their three prior trials in nGBM. Rindopepimut typically beat historical SOC by about 5 or 6 months -- using their stats, but their nGBM patients were not tested against an active blinded control.