NorthWest Biotherapeutics Inc (NWBO)

[Pyrrhonian]

Good one.

As far as primers go, I've been fond of this one for DC vaccines in general for HGG: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2810429/

Note this (which I think is management's ultimate goal, combining L with Direct):

Yamanaka et al. compared different routes of DC injection in their Phase I/II clinical trial of 10 patients [37,38]. Dendritic cells were pulsed with autologous tumor lysate and administered to patients intradermally (n = 5) or both intradermally and intratumorally via an Ommaya (n = 5) reservoir every 3 weeks for a total number of injections ranging from 1 to 10. Immunologically, they observed an increased percentage of NK cells and increased T-cell mediated anti-tumor activity. In addition, there was an increased intratumoral infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the two patients who underwent reoperation following vaccination. Radiographically, the two minor responses seen were in patients included in the combined intradermal/intratumoral administration group, suggesting that the additional intratumorally injected DCs may stimulate a more efficient anti-tumor immune response.

Note also that it was tested in rGBM, and yes they "injected" their recurring brain lesions, I assume before another resection.

A little more about that Ommaya res: http://healthlibrary.stanford.edu/patient/ommaya.pdf