So here is some research I just found on the process with the SEC for an IPO to go Public.
Process summary The process starts by filing form S-1 with the SEC. The SEC reviews the filing and sends back very detailed comments. The company then files an amendment reflecting these comments. The SEC likely has comments again. This process repeats for 2-3 and sometimes many more iterations until the SEC says it has no further comments. The company then files/prints a "red herring" or Preliminary Prospectus and begins the roadshow. This usually lasts 2 weeks and the offering is priced on the last night of the roadshow and begins trading the next day.
Sample timeline First SEC review: 30 days Company prepares response: 5 days Second SEC review: 15 days Company response: 3 days Third SEC review: 7 days Company response ("red herring"): 2 days Roadshow: 15 days Trading begins: 1 day Total: ~10-12 weeks
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