Register for free to join our community of investors and share your ideas. You will also get access to streaming quotes, interactive charts, trades, portfolio, live options flow and more tools.
Register for free to join our community of investors and share your ideas. You will also get access to streaming quotes, interactive charts, trades, portfolio, live options flow and more tools.
Statins Affect Skeletal Muscle Performance: Evidence for Disturbances in Energy Metabolism
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/103/1/75/4364961
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180301115438.htmTrial of omega fatty acid supplementation in toddlers born preterm shows promising results
Science Daily - Mar 4, 2018
For three months, half took a daily dietary supplement that contained a special combination of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and half took a placebo. The group that took the daily omega fatty acid supplement exhibited a greater reduction in ASD ...Trial of omega fatty acid supplementation in toddlers born preterm shows promising results
Science Daily - Mar 4, 2018
For three months, half took a daily dietary supplement that contained a special combination of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and half took a placebo. The group that took the daily omega fatty acid supplement exhibited a greater reduction in ASD ...
Fish Oil Linked to Lower MS Risk
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/893492Omega-3-Rich Fish, Supplements Linked to Lower MS Risk
Medscape - 1d ago
Eating fish and seafood rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids at least once a week or one to three times a month combined with taking daily fish oil supplements may lower the risk for multiple sclerosis (MS), new research shows. Investigators note the ...Omega-3-Rich Fish, Supplements Linked to Lower MS Risk
Medscape - 1d ago
Eating fish and seafood rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids at least once a week or one to three times a month combined with taking daily fish oil supplements may lower the risk for multiple sclerosis (MS), new research shows. Investigators note the ...
Fish oil prices jump up, following difficult anchovy season in Peru
https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2018/03/07/fish-oil-prices-jump-up-following-difficult-anchovy-season-in-peru/Fish oil prices jump up, following difficult anchovy season in Peru
Undercurrent News - 8h ago
Long chain omega-3s such as DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) are critical inputs used extensively in aquaculture feed, with fish oil and fishmeal as their main sources. Prices of oil for indirect human consumption, a category that ...Fish oil prices jump up, following difficult anchovy season in Peru
Undercurrent News - 8h ago
Long chain omega-3s such as DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) are critical inputs used extensively in aquaculture feed, with fish oil and fishmeal as their main sources. Prices of oil for indirect human consumption, a category that ...
Crops will become cheapest new source of omega-3 fatty acids, Cargill says
https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2018/02/08/crops-will-become-cheapest-new-source-of-omega-3-fatty-acids-cargill-says/
BRIEF—BASF launches Hepaxa in USA for chronic liver disease
The Pharma Letter - 6h ago
Providing highly concentrated and pure eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Hepaxa is the first product in the USA specifically designed to address a build-up of fat in the liver, known as steatosis, in NAFLD patients. Hepaxa will be ...
An Improvement of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Hidekatsu Yanai, Yoshinori Masui, Hisayuki Katsuyama, Hiroki Adachi, Akiko Kawaguchi, Mariko Hakoshima, Yoko Waragai, Tadanao Harigae, Akahito Sako
ABSTRACT
An epidemiological survey in the Northwest Greenland reported that the Greenlanders have a lower frequency of acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. The very low incidence of ischemic heart disease in the Greenlanders was explained by consumption of a diet rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Possible anti-atherothrombotic effects of omega-3 PUFA include an improvement of lipid metabolism such as a reduction of triglyceride and an increase of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucose metabolism, anti-platelet activity, anti-inflammatory effects, an improvement of endothelial function and stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque. The present study reviews an improvement of cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia and diabetes due to consumption of omega-3 PUFA. A sufficient number of studies suggest that omega-3 PUFA supplementation reduces serum triglyceride and increases HDL-cholesterol. The mechanisms for omega-3 PUFA-mediated improvements of lipid metabolism have been partially elucidated. The studies using experimental animals, part of trials in humans, have shown the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFA on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The meta-analysis showed that omega-3 PUFA might prevent development of diabetes in part of population. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the association of omega-3 PUFA supplementation with diabetes, in the future.
J Clin Med Res. 2018;10(4):281-289
doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr3362w
Article Fish Oil quality issues highlighted
http://www.medicalnewsbulletin.com/fresh-fish-oil-supplements-better-reducing-bad-cholesterol/
Peripheral Fatty Acid Composition Associated With Bipolar Disorder
https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/bipolar-advisor/lipids-biomarkers-bipolar-unipolar-depression-omega-3-omega-6/article/741447/
DSM, Evonik formally establish JV for production of omega-3 fatty acids from algae
Construction of the $200 million production facility at the Evonik site in the US, in Blair, Nebraska, has commenced and is proceeding according to plan, the companies said.
Holland's Royal DSM and Germany's Evonik Industries have established a new company, Veramaris V.O.F., for the production of omega-3 fatty acids from natural marine algae for animal nutrition.
REPORT
Feed Innovation: The Multi-Billion Dollar Effort To Drive Aquaculture Growth
AUTHOR Undercurrent News
PUBLISHED Jan 29, 2018
VIEW REPORT
The 50:50 joint venture is headquartered at the DSM campus in Delft in the Netherlands, the companies said, in line with a plan announced last March.
Veramaris’s algal oil will enable the production of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DHA) for animal nutrition without using fish oil from wild-caught fish, they said.
Construction of the $200 million production facility at the Evonik site in the US, in Blair, Nebraska, has commenced and is proceeding according to plan, the companies said.
Commercial quantities of the algal oil rich in the essential omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA will be ready for sale in 2019. Pilot quantities for market development purposes are already available. The initial annual production capacity will meet roughly 15% of the total current annual demand for EPA and DHA by the salmon aquaculture industry.
Veramaris will be headed by CEO Karim Kurmaly and chief financial officer Frank Beissmann. Marine biologist Kurmaly has been with DSM for more than 16 years, most recently as vice president animal mutrition and health in Asia Pacific. Beissmann, an engineer, has been with Evonik for more than 20 years and has held various positions in production, supply chain, marketing and controlling.
“Our algal oil, rich in both EPA and DHA, is our response to the industry’s call for a sustainable and traceable source of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. Veramaris will now enable our partners along the value chain to grow in a responsible way and meet the demand for healthy animal protein rich in both EPA and DHA for consumer health,” said Kurmaly.
“Our goal is to establish the industry standard. We are committed to delivering consistent high-quality of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA. Drawing on our expertise in supply chain and logistics, we are able to transition customers to Veramaris as smoothly as possible,” said Beissmann.
READ NEXT ...
M&A
Argentina’s largest shrimp catcher expands fleet, orders new vessel from Vigo yard
NORTH AMERICAAMERICASEUROPEFEEDFISH OILALGAEAQUACULTUREUPSTREAMM&ACOMPANIESATLANTIC SALMONSALMONID
SHARE ARTICLE
You may also like:
Might GE canola, algae help mind omega-3 ‘supply gap’?
Australian company beats Cargill, Dow to deliver first omega-3 plant oil
Bunge seeks to make TerraVia JV a success before further investments
Evonik launches software to help tilapia farmers optimize feed formulation
LIKE THIS ARTICLE? SIGN UP TO OUR NEWSLETTER
Comments (0)
COMPANIES
Latest
EU buyers downplay threat to humans from antibiotic residues in Indian shrimp
Washington official: Cooke ‘negligence’ caused salmon escape; fined $332,000
Cooke calls Washington’s report on escape full of ‘factual inaccuracies’
Under scrutiny for Pebble Mine, US EPA head restores protections for Bristol Bay
Omega-3s in fish pack mightier wallop against cancer, study finds
Most read
Most shared
Latest prices VIEW ALL
SPOTLIGHT
Chilled salmon side from Marine Harvest, in Sainsbury's
Marine Harvest shakes up UK salmon sector
Brexit
Seafood firms fear Brexit impact
El Nino 2014
El Nino
View of Moscow Russia
Russian food ban impact
Carlyle shareholding in China Fishery diluted
Pacific Andes
Five Thais, two Indonesians arrested in seafood slavery case
Thai labor issues come to a head
Seafood Expo Global, May 2016
Brussels seafood show 2017
China stops all imports of whole, Norwegian salmon
Asia drives seafood M&A
UK retail shrimp supplier Blue Earth sees pre-EMS crisis profit soar
Shrimp EMS
Banks take control of Nireus
Greece’s aquaculture restructuring
Jeff Davis: Peabody deal is ‘platform’ for more scallop vessel buy-outs
Scallop M&A boom
Bumble Bee Foods
US investigates tuna brands
Editor's choice:
EU buyers downplay threat to humans from antibiotic residues in Indian shrimp
Under scrutiny for Pebble Mine, US EPA head restores protections for Bristol Bay
Multiexport hires Cooke North America sales veteran
Russian Fishery to add pollock fillet production to six more vessels
EU official: India shrimp farm compliance on antibiotics ‘insufficient’
Halibut commission unable to agree on quota; US, Canada to set catch limits separately
American Seafoods sees cod shortage driving deepskin pollock demand
China shrimp market in ‘chaos’, Ecuador has options if demand drops
India show: BAP status for shrimp highest in India; Tiny number of vannamei farms registered with ruling authority
Market impact of Russian king crab quota hike unclear
ABOUT US CONTACT US ADVERTISE TERMS & CONDITIONS PRIVACY POLICY
© 2017 Undercurrent News. All rights reserved.
By continuing to use the site, you agree to the use of cookies. More information Ac
Effect of Vascepa (icosapent ethyl) on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with elevated triglycerides (200–499 mg/dL) on statin therapy: Rationale and design of the EVAPORATE study
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/clc.22856/full
Cost-Effectiveness of Statin Plus Eicosapentaenoic Acid Combination Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Japanese Patients With Hypercholesterolemia - An Analysis Based on the Japan Eicosapentaenoic Acid Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS).
Kodera S1, Morita H1, Kiyosue A1, Ando J1, Komuro I1.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to statin therapy has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of EPA plus statin (EPA+statin) combination therapy compared with statin monotherapy for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Japan.Methods and Results:A Markov model was applied to assess the costs and benefits associated with EPA+statin combination therapy over a projected 30-year period from the perspective of a public healthcare funder in Japan. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), expressed as quality-adjusted life-years (QALY), was estimated for primary prevention and secondary prevention of CVD in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Impact on survival and number of events were based on the Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study. Sensitivity analyses examined the influence of various input parameters on costs and outcomes of treatment. ICER was ¥29.6 million per QALY gained in primary prevention and ¥5.5 million per QALY gained in secondary prevention. The probabilities that EPA+statin combination therapy would be cost-effective compared with statin monotherapy were 39% in primary prevention and 49% in secondary prevention at a cost-effectiveness threshold of ¥5 million per QALY gained. Sensitivity analyses showed that EPA was cost-effective in secondary prevention.
CONCLUSIONS:
EPA+statin combination therapy showed acceptable cost-effectiveness for secondary prevention, but not primary prevention, of CVD in patients with hypercholesterolemia in Japan.
KEYWORDS:
Cardiovascular disease; Coronary artery disease; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Hypercholesterolemia; Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio
Scientists Discover a Bone-Deep Risk for Heart Disease
https://mobile.nytimes.com/2018/01/29/health/heart-disease-mutations-stem-cells.html?referer=https://news.google.comScientists Discover a Bone-Deep Risk for Heart Disease - The New York Times
January 10 2018. On December 28, 2017 the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition published the results of a meta-analysis that affirmed an association between supplementing with omega-3 fatty acids and a decrease in heart rate. According to authors Khemayanto Hidayat of Soochow University and colleagues, elevated resting heart rate has emerged as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality.
Dr Hidayat and associates selected 51 randomized controlled trials that included a total of approximately 3,000 men and women for their analysis. Thirty-two of the intervention groups consisted of participants with at least one chronic condition, including coronary artery disease, kidney failure, hypertension and frequent premature ventricular contraction (a type of heart arrhythmia).
In comparison with those who received a placebo, participants who received omega 3 experienced a significant reduction in heart rate of 2.23 beats per minute. When the omega 3 fatty acids EPA and DHA were administered separately, a 2.47 beat per minute decrease was observed in association with DHA.
“The heart rate of the majority of participants included in this meta-analysis was within normal range—the state where reducing heart rate is conventionally not a medical indication,” the authors note. “At the population level however, such heart rate reduction may have significant public health implications, as a reduction of 3.2 beats per minute heart rate would roughly correspond to 7.5% lower risk of sudden cardiac death.”
“This present meta-analysis can have valuable public health and clinical implications for incorporation of omega 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation as a lifestyle modification for reducing all-cause mortality among general populations, and for reducing the risk of sudden cardiac death, particularly in those who do not consume enough fatty fish on a regular basis,” they conclude.
—D Dye
Tom Brady on inflammation
"The type of nutrition regimen you choose will either promote or reduce inflammation."
http://www.nola.com/saints/index.ssf/2018/01/optimum_performance_managing_i.html
Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits oxidation of high density lipoprotein particles in a manner distinct from docosahexaenoic acid.
Sherratt SCR1, Mason RP2.
Author information
1
Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA 01915-0091, USA. Electronic address: ssherratt@elucidaresearch.com.
2
Elucida Research LLC, Beverly, MA 01915-0091, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6110, USA. Electronic address: rpmason@elucidaresearch.com.
Abstract
The omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces oxidation of ApoB-containing particles in vitro and in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. EPA may produce these effects through a potent antioxidant mechanism, which may facilitate LDL clearance and slow plaque progression. We hypothesize that EPA antioxidant effects may extend to ApoA-containing particles like HDL, potentially preserving certain atheroprotective functions. HDL was isolated from human plasma and incubated at 37?°C in the absence (vehicle) or presence of EPA and/or DHA; 5.0 or 10.0?µM each. Samples were then subjected to copper-induced oxidation (10?µM). HDL oxidation was inhibited similarly by EPA and DHA up to 1?h. EPA (10?µM) maintained significant HDL oxidation inhibition of 89% (0.622?±?0.066?µM MDA; p?<?.001) at 4?h, with continued inhibition of 64% at 14?h, vs. vehicle (5.65?±?0.06 to 2.01?±?0.10?µM MDA; p?<?.001). Conversely, DHA (10?µM) antioxidant benefit was lost by 4?h. At a lower concentration (5?µM), EPA antioxidant activity remained at 81% (5.53?±?0.15 to 1.03?±?0.10?µM MDA; p?<?.001) at 6?h, while DHA lost all antioxidant activity by 4?h. The antioxidant activity of EPA was preserved when combined with an equimolar concentration of DHA (5?µM each). EPA pretreatment prevented HDL oxidation in a dose-dependent manner that was preserved over time. These results suggest unique lipophilic and electron stabilization properties for EPA as compared to DHA with respect to inhibition of HDL oxidation. These antioxidant effects of EPA may enhance certain atheroprotective functions for HDL.
Study Finds Western diet triggers inflammatory diseases
https://european-biotechnology.com/up-to-date/latest-news/news/western-diet-triggers-inflammatory-diseases.html
Despite an apparent lack of robust effects in many ex-vivo assays of platelet function, increased exposure to n-3 PUFAs reduces platelet-mediated thrombin generation and attenuates elements of thrombus formation. These data support the cardioprotective value of-3 PUFAs and strongly suggest that they modify elements of platelet function in vivo.
In vivo modeling of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid-mediated inhibition of both platelet function and accumulation in arterial thrombi.
Adili R1, Voigt EM2, Bormann JL2, Foss KN2, Hurley LJ2, Meyer ES2, Veldman AJ2, Mast KA1, West JL1, Whiteheart SW3, Holinstat M1, Larson MK2.
Author information
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are associated with a variety of cellular alterations that mitigate cardiovascular disease. However, pinpointing the positive therapeutic effects is challenging due to inconsistent clinical trial results and overly simplistic in vitro studies. Here we aimed to develop realistic models of n-3 PUFA effects on platelet function so that preclinical results can better align with and predict clinical outcomes. Human platelets incubated with the n-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were stimulated with agonist combinations mirroring distinct regions of a growing thrombus. Platelet responses were then monitored in a number of ex-vivo functional assays. Furthermore, intravital microscopy was used to monitor arterial thrombosis and fibrin deposition in mice fed an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet. We found that n-3 PUFA treatment had minimal effects on many basic ex-vivo measures of platelet function using agonist combinations. However, n-3 PUFA treatment delayed platelet-derived thrombin generation in both humans and mice. This impaired thrombin production paralleled a reduced platelet accumulation within thrombi formed in either small arterioles or larger arteries of mice fed an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet, without impacting P-selectin exposure. Despite an apparent lack of robust effects in many ex-vivo assays of platelet function, increased exposure to n-3 PUFAs reduces platelet-mediated thrombin generation and attenuates elements of thrombus formation. These data support the cardioprotective value of-3 PUFAs and strongly suggest that they modify elements of platelet function in vivo.
17,18-EpETE-GPR40 axis ameliorates contact hypersensitivity by inhibiting neutrophil mobility in mice and cynomolgus macaques.
Nagatake T1, Shiogama Y2, Inoue A3, Kikuta J4, Honda T5, Tiwari P1, Kishi T3, Yanagisawa A4, Isobe Y6, Matsumoto N1, Shimojou M1, Morimoto S1, Suzuki H1, Hirata S7, Steneberg P8, Edlund H8, Aoki J3, Arita M9, Kiyono H10, Yasutomi Y11, Ishii M4, Kabashima K5, Kunisawa J12.
Author information
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) exert various physiological actions. 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EpETE) is a recently identified new class of anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory lipid metabolite of EPA, but its effects on skin inflammation and the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated.
OBJECTIVE:
We evaluated the effectiveness of 17,18-EpETE for the control of contact hypersensitivity in mouse and cynomolgus macaques. We further sought to reveal underlying mechanisms by identifying the responsible receptor and cellular target of 17,18-EpETE.
METHODS:
Contact hypersensitivity was induced by topical application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. Skin inflammation and immune cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometric, immunohistologic and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. Neutrophil mobility was examined by imaging analysis in vivo and neutrophil culture in vitro. The receptor for 17,18-EpETE was identified by using the TGFa-shedding assay and receptor's involvement in the anti-inflammatory effects of 17,18-EpETE was examined by using KO mice and specific inhibitor treatment.
RESULTS:
We found that preventive or therapeutic treatment with 17,18-EpETE ameliorated contact hypersensitivity by inhibiting neutrophil mobility in mice and cynomolgus macaques. 17,18-EpETE was recognized by GPR40 (also known as free fatty acid receptor 1) and inhibited chemoattractant-induced Rac activation and pseudopod formation in neutrophils. Indeed, the anti-allergic inflammatory effect of 17,18-EpETE was abolished in the absence or inhibition of GPR40.
CONCLUSION:
17,18-EpETE inhibits neutrophil mobility through the activation of GPR40, which is a potential therapeutic target to control allergic inflammatory diseases.
Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Fish oil omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in vascular endothelial cells.
Sakai C1, Ishida M1, Ohba H1, Yamashita H1, Uchida H1, Yoshizumi M1, Ishida T2.
Author information
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), likely prevent cardiovascular disease, however their mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, the role of DNA damage in atherogenesis has been receiving considerable attention. Here, we investigated the effects of EPA and DHA on DNA damage in vascular endothelial cells to clarify their antiatherogenic mechanisms.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
We determined the effect of EPA and DHA on H2O2-induced DNA damage response in human aortic endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed that ?-H2AX foci formation, a prominent marker of DNA damage, was significantly reduced in the cells treated with EPA and DHA (by 47% and 48%, respectively). H2O2-induced activation of ATM, a major kinase orchestrating DNA damage response, was significantly reduced with EPA and DHA treatment (by 31% and 33%, respectively). These results indicated EPA and DHA attenuated DNA damage independently of the DNA damage response. Thus the effects of EPA and DHA on a source of DNA damage were examined. EPA and DHA significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species under both basal condition and H2O2 stimulation. In addition, the mRNA levels of antioxidant molecules, such as heme oxygenase-1, thioredoxin reductase 1, ferritin light chain, ferritin heavy chain and manganese superoxide dismutase, were significantly increased with EPA and DHA. Silencing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) remarkably abrogated the increases in mRNA levels of antioxidant molecules and the decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, EPA and DHA significantly reduced H2O2-induced senescence-associated ß-galactosidase activity in the cells (by 31% and 22%, respectively), which was revoked by NRF2 silencing.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggested that EPA and DHA attenuate oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in vascular endothelial cells through upregulation of NRF2-mediated antioxidant response. Therefore omega-3 fatty acids likely help prevent cardiovascular disease, at least in part, by their genome protective properties.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a bioactive lipid that modulates inflammation and immunity. TLRs play a central role as initiators of the innate immune responses. EPA regulates TRIF-dependent pathways of TLRs by targeting TBK1. EPA may be a useful strategy to understand the mechanism of antiinflammatory activities.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfbc.12490/abstract
CONCLUSIONS:
High-dose eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid provided additional benefit to statins in preventing progression of fibrous coronary plaque in subjects adherent to therapy with well-controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The benefit on low-intensity statin, but not high-intensity statin, suggests that statin intensity affects plaque volume.
Effect of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Added to Statin Therapy on Coronary Artery Plaque in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Alfaddagh A1, Elajami TK1, Ashfaque H1, Saleh M1, Bistrian BR1, Welty FK2.
Author information
1
Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
2
Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA fwelty@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Although statins reduce cardiovascular events, residual risk remains. Therefore, additional modalities are needed to reduce risk. We evaluated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in pharmacologic doses added to statin treatment on coronary artery plaque volume.
METHODS AND RESULTS:
A total of 285 subjects with stable coronary artery disease on statins were randomized to omega-3 ethyl-ester (1.86 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.5 g of docosahexaenoic acid daily) or no omega-3 (control) for 30 months. Coronary plaque volume was assessed by coronary computed tomographic angiography. Mean (SD) age was 63.0 (7.7) years; mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤80 mg/dL. In the intention-to-treat analysis, our primary endpoint, noncalcified plaque volume, was not different between groups (P=0.14) but approached significance in the per protocol analysis (P=0.07). When stratified by age in the intention-to-treat analysis, younger omega-3 subjects had significantly less progression of the primary endpoint, noncalcified plaque (P=0.013), and fibrous, calcified and total plaque. In plaque subtype analysis, controls had significant progression of fibrous plaque compared to no change in the omega-3 ethyl-ester group (median % change [interquartile range], 5.0% [-5.7, 20.0] versus -0.1% [-12.3, 14.5], respectively; P=0.018). Among those on low-intensity statins, omega-3 ethyl-ester subjects had attenuation of fibrous plaque progression compared to controls (median % change [interquartile range], 0.3% [-12.8, 9.0] versus 4.8% [-5.1, 19.0], respectively; P=0.032). In contrast, those on high-intensity statins had no difference in plaque change in either treatment arm.
CONCLUSIONS:
High-dose eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid provided additional benefit to statins in preventing progression of fibrous coronary plaque in subjects adherent to therapy with well-controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The benefit on low-intensity statin, but not high-intensity statin, suggests that statin intensity affects plaque volume.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29246960
Telomerase level increase is related to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid efficacy in first episode schizophrenia: Secondary outcome analysis of the OFFER randomized clinical trial
Highlights
•
Telomerase level (TA) of PBMCs increased during n-3 PUFA supplementation added to antipsychotics.
•
Significant increase of PBMCs TA was also observed in patients treated with antipsychotics and placebo.
•
After 26 weeks, the change in TA was significantly higher in the n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group.
•
Changes in TA correlated significantly with changes in depressive symptoms and disease severity.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278584617306358
Enhanced eicosapentaenoic acid production by a new deep-sea marine bacterium Shewanella electrodiphila MAR441T.
Zhang J1,2, Burgess JG2.
Author information
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are products of secondary metabolism, essential for growth and important for human health. Although there are numerous reports of bacterial production of omega-3 fatty acids, less information is available on the biotechnological production of these compounds from bacteria. The production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5?3) by a new species of marine bacteria Shewanella electrodiphila MAR441T was investigated under different fermentation conditions. This strain produced a high percentage (up to 26%) of total fatty acids and high yields (mg / g of biomass) of EPA at or below the optimal growth temperature. At higher growth temperatures these values decreased greatly. The amount of EPA produced was affected by the carbon source, which also influenced fatty acid composition. This strain required Na+ for growth and EPA synthesis and cells harvested at late exponential or early stationary phase had a higher EPA content. Both the highest amounts (20 mg g-1) and highest percent EPA content (18%) occurred with growth on L-proline and (NH4)2SO4. The addition of cerulenin further enhanced EPA production to 30 mg g-1. Chemical mutagenesis using NTG allowed the isolation of mutants with improved levels of EPA content (from 9.7 to 15.8 mg g-1) when grown at 15°C. Thus, the yields of EPA could be substantially enhanced without the need for recombinant DNA technology, often a commercial requirement for food supplement manufacture.
A novel bioactive derivative of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) suppresses intestinal tumor development in Apc?14/+ mice.
Nakanishi M1, Hanley MP1,2, Zhan R1,3, Igarashi Y1, Hull MA4, Mathias G2, Scanavino2, Grady JJ1,3, Rosenberg DW1.
Author information
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of hundreds of polyps throughout the colon. Without prophylactic colectomy, most individuals with FAP develop colorectal cancer at an early age. Treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the free fatty acid form (EPA-FFA) has been shown to reduce polyp burden in FAP patients. Since high-purity EPA-FFA is subject to rapid oxidation, a stable form of EPA compound has been developed in the form of magnesium l-lysinate bis-eicosapentaenoate (TP-252). We assessed the chemopreventive efficacy of TP-252 on intestinal tumor formation lysin atepc?14/+ mice, and compared it to EPA-FFA. TP-252 was supplemented in a modified AIN-93G diet at 1, 2, or 4% and EPA-FFA at 2.5% by weight, and administered to mice for 11 weeks. We found that administration of TP-252 significantly reduced tumor number and size in the small intestine and colon in a dose-related manner and as effectively as EPA-FFA. To gain further insight into the cancer protection afforded to the colon, we performed a comprehensive lipidomic analysis of total fatty acid composition and eicosanoid metabolites. Treatment with TP-252 significantly decreased the levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and increased EPA concentrations within the colonic mucosa. Furthermore, a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis revealed that a subset of fatty acids, including EPA and DHA, and their downstream metabolites, including PGE3 and 14-HDoHE, were strongly associated with anti-neoplastic activity. These results indicate that TP-252 warrants further clinical development as a potential strategy for delaying colectomy in adolescent FAP patients.
Study finds bacterial fats may be the cause of heart disease
https://www.worldhealth.net/news/bacterial-fats-may-be-blame-heart-disease/
meta study finds O3 yeilds no effect
https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3b81b874-df0b-4687-b6f5-98471086a0a8
Title: Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 10 trials involving 77,900 individuals
Abstract:
Importance: Current guidelines advocate use of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids supplements for prevention of coronary heart disease in people with prior history of coronary heart disease, but the results of the large trials of omega-3 fatty acids have been conflicting.
Objectives: To conduct a meta-analysis of all large trials assessing the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on risk of fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease and major vascular events, overall, and in pre-specified sub-groups.
Data Sources and Study Selection: Randomized trials, involving at least 500 participants and treatment duration of at least one year assessing effects of omega-3 fatty acids on risk of vascular events.
Data Extraction and Synthesis: Aggregated study-level data were obtained from 10 large randomized trials. Rate ratios for each trial were synthesized using “observed minus expected” statistics and their variance. Summary rate ratios were estimated by fixed effects meta-analysis using 95% confidence intervals for major diseases and 99% confidence intervals for sub-groups.
Main Outcomes: The main outcomes included fatal coronary heart disease, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, major vascular events and all-cause mortality; and (ii) major vascular events in various subgroups.
Results: Among 10 trials involving 77,917 high risk individuals, the effects of treatment were assessed on 6273 coronary heart disease events (2695 coronary heart disease deaths, 2276 non-fatal myocardial infarctions) and 12,001 major vascular events. Allocation to omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid dose range: 226-1800 mg/day) for an average duration of 4.4 years had no significant effect on coronary heart disease death (0.93; 99% CI: 0.83-1.03, p=0.053), non-fatal myocardial infarction (0.97; 99% CI: 0.87-1.08, p=0.4) or any coronary heart disease events (0.96; 95% CI: 0.90-1.01, p=0.12). Neither did allocation to omega-3 fatty acids have any significant effect on major vascular events (0.97; 95% CI: 0.93-1.01, p=0.10), overall or in any subgroups, including prior coronary heart disease, diabetes, lipid levels or statin use.
Conclusions and Relevance: This meta-analysis demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acids had no significant effect on fatal or non-fatal coronary heart disease or any major vascular events and provides no support for current recommendations for such supplements in people with prior coronary heart disease.
EPA suppresses intestinal tumors
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/29206907/?i=1&from=eicosapentaenoic%20acid
Omega 3s approved for dry eye syndrome
http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20171206005093/en/Novaliq’s-NovaTears®Omega-3-Approved-Europe-Enhanced-Treatment-Evaporative
Fish oil component preconditions vision cells to survive future injury or disease
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171130170233.htm
Influence of eicosapentaenoic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid, on ultraviolet-B generation of prostaglandin-E2 and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in human skin in vivo.
Randomized controlled trial
Shahbakhti H, et al. Photochem Photobiol. 2004 Sep-Oct.
Authors
Shahbakhti H1, Watson RE, Azurdia RM, Ferreira CZ, Garmyn M, Rhodes LE.
Author information
1Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK.
Citation
Photochem Photobiol. 2004 Sep-Oct;80(2):231-5.
Abstract
Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA) reduce sunburn, an acute inflammatory response, in humans. We assessed whether this may be mediated by reduced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) induction of proinflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and prostaglandin (PG)E(2) in healthy skin. In a double-blind, randomized study, 28 humans received 4 g daily of 95% ethyl esters of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or oleic acid (OA) orally for 3 months. Skin biopsies and suction blister fluid were taken from unexposed and UV-B-exposed skin and examined for mediator expression immunohistochemically and quantitatively by immunoassay; plasma levels were also assayed. The subjects taking EPA, but not OA, showed a significant rise in their minimal erythemal dose (MED) (data reported elsewhere). Before supplementation, irradiation with 3x MED UV-B increased blister fluid TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8 and PGE(2) at 16 h (all P < 0.001). No significant change occurred in baseline or UV-B-induced skin levels of cytokines after either supplement, whereas UV-B induction of PGE(2) was abolished after EPA but not OA. Immunohistochemical expression of the cytokines at baseline and after UV-B was unaltered by EPA and OA; circulating cytokine and PGE(2) levels were also unchanged. Hence, in healthy skin in vivo, there was no evidence that reduction of the sunburn response by EPA is mediated by the proinflammatory cytokines examined; abrogation of UV-B-generated PGE(2) may play a role.
PMID 15362934 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15362934/
Conclusions: This study shows for the first time that EPA and EPA/AA ratio are directly associated with prevalent DM. The association between these biomarkers and DM is stronger in females than in men. The AUC for EPA and the EPA/AA ratio is less than the Tg/HDL-C ratio, however, these biomarkers may be independent markers of DM risk.
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/136/Suppl_1/A17343
Fish oil omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in vascular endothelial cells.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29121093
How chronic inflammation tips the balance of immune cells to promote liver cancer
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-11-chronic-inflammation-immune-cells-liver.amp