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Delivery of Nikola hydrogen trucks unaffected by battery electric vehicles
September 21, 2023
In conclusion, Nikola Corporation is showing strong potential in the zero-emission truck industry. Despite facing significant challenges and having to make tough decisions such as laying off employees, the company continues to innovate and expand. The appointment of Mary Chan as COO, expansion into Canada, promising growth predictions as well as market opportunity all suggest a positive trajectory.
Moreover, Nikola’s commitment to sustainable innovation is evident in its receipt of hefty grants for hydrogen stations and progress with hydrogen fueling stations. Their strategic financial moves and growing order book further underscore this potential. While the road may be challenging, Nikola’s recent developments indicate a bright future for the company in the burgeoning zero-emission vehicle industry.
https://www.reddit.com/r/NikolaCorporation/new/?rdt=55903
What Really Happened on 9/11?
September 21, 2023
Story at-a-glance
According to the official narrative, on September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda carried out four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks against the United States, killing 2,750 civilians in New York City, 184 at the Pentagon and 40 airline passengers whose plane crashed in Pennsylvania
The 9/11 Commission Report was published July 22, 2004, but 28 pages of the report detailing the role of Saudi Arabia remain classified
Evidence suggests the Saudi government may have been involved in the 9/11 attacks, but the U.S. government, FBI and CIA covered up the connection
Two of the 9/11 hijackers — Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar — were Saudi nationals whom high level sources claim were recruited into a joint CIA-Saudi intelligence operation. The CIA refused to share information about the recruits with the FBI, thereby preventing the FBI from launching a criminal investigation that could have stopped the terrorist plot
Other evidence points to an even more sinister possibility, namely that U.S. authorities not only knew about the potential for an attack beforehand, but were part of it
A Beautiful Morning. The Rascals. (1968)
Don't Sleep on Nuclear Power's Role in the Hydrogen Economy
Green hydrogen tends to receive all the coverage and excitement, but pink hydrogen boasts several notable advantages. Nuclear power plants can produce hydrogen at lower costs, higher volumes, and closer to end-users (industrial customers) than newer projects based on renewable energy.
It could be a win-win scenario. If the nation's atomic fleet gains commercial traction with first-generation processes such as HTSE, then it could provide incentives to develop next-generation nuclear reactors capable of operating at higher temperatures. That would deliver safer nuclear energy, increase the nation's supply of carbon-free electricity, and reduce or even eliminate nuclear wastes -- all while having the added benefit to manufacture the lowest-cost hydrogen on the market through thermochemical processes.
There's no guarantee the hydrogen economy will emerge on the timeline or scale expected by investors or politicians, but if and when it does, expect nuclear power to be a critical piece.
https://www.thestreet.com/investing/forget-green-hydrogen-pink-hydrogen-is-heating-up
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12163
The first Energy Earthshot, launched June 7, 2021—Hydrogen Shot—seeks to reduce the cost of clean hydrogen by 80% to $1 per 1 kilogram in 1 decade ("1 1 1").
The Hydrogen Shot establishes a framework and foundation for clean hydrogen deployment in the American Jobs Plan, which includes support for demonstration projects. Industries are beginning to implement clean hydrogen to reduce emissions, yet many hurdles remain to deploying it at scale. Currently, hydrogen from renewable energy costs about $5 per kilogram. Achieving the Hydrogen Shot’s 80% cost reduction goal can unlock new markets for hydrogen, including steel manufacturing, clean ammonia, energy storage, and heavy-duty trucks. This would create more clean energy jobs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and position America to compete in the clean energy market on a global scale. These efforts would ensure that environmental protection and benefits for local communities are a priority.
https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-shot
https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=172837432
Hydrogen Fueling Station Locations
https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/hydrogen_locations.html#/find/nearest?fuel=HY
Nikola intends to build 700 fuel stations across the U.S. over the next decade, making zero-emission
https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=172521691
The Hydrogen Movement
https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=172498654
Shell to cut up to 9,000 jobs in shift to low-carbon energy
https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=158830848
Shell in collaboration with Honda and Toyota to Bring Seven New Hydrogen Refueling Stations to California
https://pressroom.toyota.com/shell-collaboration-honda-toyota-seven-new-hydrogen-refueling-stations-california/#:~:text=The%20hydrogen%20refueling%20stations%20will%20be%20built%20in,of%20Berkeley%2C%20Sacramento%2C%20Citrus%20Heights%20and%20Walnut%20Creek.
https://pressroom.toyota.com/shell-toyota-and-honda-to-expand-california-hydrogen-refueling-infrastructure/
In 2021, we started production at the electrolyser at our Shell Energy and Chemicals Park Rheinland in Germany.
https://reports.shell.com/sustainability-report/2021/achieving-net-zero-emissions/fuelling-mobility/hydrogen.html
Air Liquide plans network of new hydrogen filling stations in the United States
https://usa.airliquide.com/air-liquide-plans-network-new-hydrogen-filling-stations-united-states
Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Development
https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/hydrogen_infrastructure.html#:~:text=As%20of%202023%2C%20there%20are%2059%20open%20retail,Hawaii%20and%205%20planned%20for%20the%20northeastern%20states.
Hydrogen Powered Muscle Truck: The Future is HERE! Supercharged LS Classic With Zero Emissions
Distribution of oil demand in the OECD in 2020, by sector
Road transportation is the greatest oil demanding sector in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) member states. In 2020, 48.6 percent of all oil consumed in the OECD was related to motor vehicle usage. By comparison, the petrochemical sector which manufactures plastics, resins, and other petroleum-based products, accounted for 16.2 percent.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/307194/top-oil-consuming-sectors-worldwide/
looks like transportation will be hit the hardest
Forget Green Hydrogen, Pink Hydrogen is Heating Up
Zero-carbon hydrogen can be made from nuclear power plants, too. Could it save America's aging fleet?
Aug 31, 2022 5:26 PM EDT
After years of hype and broken promises, investors are hoping this time might really be different for hydrogen stocks.
A sudden sense of climate urgency in boardrooms and government alike has spiked interest in emerging technologies that could help reach aggressive decarbonization goals. That includes hydrogen, especially hydrogen produced with renewable energy to create truly carbon-free fuel. This so-called green hydrogen could decarbonize industrial processes, and perhaps make marginal contributions to transportation and heating as well.
It's all sounds so promising, but it's important for investors to remain realistic. Production costs, economies of scale, storage, and transportation all present significant hurdles to green hydrogen and the hydrogen economy at large.
But if hydrogen ever lives up to its potential as a wonder fuel, then it may be thanks to nuclear power plants. Although this supply is also carbon-free, environmentalists are a sensitive bunch. Therefore, this is referred to as pink hydrogen. It could be just what aging nuclear fleets need to remain economically relevant.
Pink Hydrogen, Explained
Hydrogen can be manufactured in numerous ways. The most referenced process is electrolysis, which uses electricity to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. Electrolysis is the process used to manufacture green hydrogen, where electrolyzers are supplied by companies such as Plug Power (PLUG) - Get Free Report and electricity is supplied by a wind or solar farm.
Pink hydrogen can also be manufactured via electrolysis, but with the electricity supplied by nuclear power plants. However, the manufacturing process would be tweaked slightly due to low efficiency and poor economics.
The chemical reactions needed to manufacture hydrogen require significant amounts of energy. Whereas methods to produce green hydrogen must rely primarily on energy in the form of electricity ("cold electrolysis"), nuclear power plants can leverage waste energy from the heat they produce. That opens a whole new economic reality for pink hydrogen.
Nuclear power plants could manufacture zero-carbon hydrogen using four different processes, according to the World Nuclear Association:
Cold electrolysis, which uses only electricity
Low-temperature steam electrolysis (LTSE), which uses both electricity and heat
High-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE), which uses both electricity and heat
High-temperature thermochemical production, which uses only heat
Processes that use heat benefit from higher efficiencies and potentially lower production costs, although they can be limited by materials science. That's because the membranes used in HTSE can be quickly degraded by the high temperatures. Similarly, existing nuclear reactors aren't optimized for high-temperature thermochemical production, which would be the Holy Grail of low-cost hydrogen production. Next-generation nuclear technology now in development could provide viable manufacturing pathways in the 2030s.
Industry isn't waiting idly in the meantime. The potential to manufacture hydrogen with excess heat and electricity could significantly alter the economics of atomic energy.
Nuclear power plants could use off-peak electricity to manufacture hydrogen more efficiently and in greater volumes than renewable energy, then sell the supply to existing industrial customers for an additional revenue stream. A single 1,000-megawatt reactor could produce nearly 500 metric tons of hydrogen per day. For perspective, Plug Power has announced a goal of achieving the same level of production by 2025, but needs 13 green hydrogen production sites combined to reach that volume.
This isn't to suggest industrial suppliers such as Plug Power or Bloom Energy (BE) - Get Free Report cannot benefit from pink hydrogen. Rather, this provides an additional potential source of funding, partners, and future business. Indeed, Bloom Energy is working with Westinghouse and others to develop HTSE processes for pink hydrogen production.
Growing Interest in Pink Hydrogen
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) supports the Hydrogen Shot program, which aims to develop the technologies required to produce clean hydrogen for $1 per kilogram. Green hydrogen gets all the glory, but pink hydrogen from nuclear plants is also eligible for funding.
The DOE has provided millions of dollars for pilot programs exploring HTSE processes, including in Arizona and Minnesota. Xcel Energy (XEL) - Get Free Report has been one beneficiary. The electric and gas utility recently began a pilot project at its Prairie Island nuclear power plant. Although work remains in the earliest stages of development, the utility is interested extending the life of its atomic fleet, selling hydrogen to industrial customers, and possibly mixing hydrogen into its own natural gas network.
Additionally, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act passed earlier this year set aside $8 billion to create four regional clean hydrogen hubs across the United States. Sites have yet to be finalized, but investors can expect nuclear power to play a central role in the so-called H2Hubs.
Don't Sleep on Nuclear Power's Role in the Hydrogen Economy
Green hydrogen tends to receive all the coverage and excitement, but pink hydrogen boasts several notable advantages. Nuclear power plants can produce hydrogen at lower costs, higher volumes, and closer to end-users (industrial customers) than newer projects based on renewable energy.
It could be a win-win scenario. If the nation's atomic fleet gains commercial traction with first-generation processes such as HTSE, then it could provide incentives to develop next-generation nuclear reactors capable of operating at higher temperatures. That would deliver safer nuclear energy, increase the nation's supply of carbon-free electricity, and reduce or even eliminate nuclear wastes -- all while having the added benefit to manufacture the lowest-cost hydrogen on the market through thermochemical processes.
There's no guarantee the hydrogen economy will emerge on the timeline or scale expected by investors or politicians, but if and when it does, expect nuclear power to be a critical piece.
https://www.thestreet.com/investing/forget-green-hydrogen-pink-hydrogen-is-heating-up
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12163
The first Energy Earthshot, launched June 7, 2021—Hydrogen Shot—seeks to reduce the cost of clean hydrogen by 80% to $1 per 1 kilogram in 1 decade ("1 1 1").
The Hydrogen Shot establishes a framework and foundation for clean hydrogen deployment in the American Jobs Plan, which includes support for demonstration projects. Industries are beginning to implement clean hydrogen to reduce emissions, yet many hurdles remain to deploying it at scale. Currently, hydrogen from renewable energy costs about $5 per kilogram. Achieving the Hydrogen Shot’s 80% cost reduction goal can unlock new markets for hydrogen, including steel manufacturing, clean ammonia, energy storage, and heavy-duty trucks. This would create more clean energy jobs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and position America to compete in the clean energy market on a global scale. These efforts would ensure that environmental protection and benefits for local communities are a priority.
https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-shot
Forget Green Hydrogen, Pink Hydrogen is Heating Up
Zero-carbon hydrogen can be made from nuclear power plants, too. Could it save America's aging fleet?
Aug 31, 2022 5:26 PM EDT
After years of hype and broken promises, investors are hoping this time might really be different for hydrogen stocks.
A sudden sense of climate urgency in boardrooms and government alike has spiked interest in emerging technologies that could help reach aggressive decarbonization goals. That includes hydrogen, especially hydrogen produced with renewable energy to create truly carbon-free fuel. This so-called green hydrogen could decarbonize industrial processes, and perhaps make marginal contributions to transportation and heating as well.
It's all sounds so promising, but it's important for investors to remain realistic. Production costs, economies of scale, storage, and transportation all present significant hurdles to green hydrogen and the hydrogen economy at large.
But if hydrogen ever lives up to its potential as a wonder fuel, then it may be thanks to nuclear power plants. Although this supply is also carbon-free, environmentalists are a sensitive bunch. Therefore, this is referred to as pink hydrogen. It could be just what aging nuclear fleets need to remain economically relevant.
Pink Hydrogen, Explained
Hydrogen can be manufactured in numerous ways. The most referenced process is electrolysis, which uses electricity to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. Electrolysis is the process used to manufacture green hydrogen, where electrolyzers are supplied by companies such as Plug Power (PLUG) - Get Free Report and electricity is supplied by a wind or solar farm.
Pink hydrogen can also be manufactured via electrolysis, but with the electricity supplied by nuclear power plants. However, the manufacturing process would be tweaked slightly due to low efficiency and poor economics.
The chemical reactions needed to manufacture hydrogen require significant amounts of energy. Whereas methods to produce green hydrogen must rely primarily on energy in the form of electricity ("cold electrolysis"), nuclear power plants can leverage waste energy from the heat they produce. That opens a whole new economic reality for pink hydrogen.
Nuclear power plants could manufacture zero-carbon hydrogen using four different processes, according to the World Nuclear Association:
Cold electrolysis, which uses only electricity
Low-temperature steam electrolysis (LTSE), which uses both electricity and heat
High-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE), which uses both electricity and heat
High-temperature thermochemical production, which uses only heat
Processes that use heat benefit from higher efficiencies and potentially lower production costs, although they can be limited by materials science. That's because the membranes used in HTSE can be quickly degraded by the high temperatures. Similarly, existing nuclear reactors aren't optimized for high-temperature thermochemical production, which would be the Holy Grail of low-cost hydrogen production. Next-generation nuclear technology now in development could provide viable manufacturing pathways in the 2030s.
Industry isn't waiting idly in the meantime. The potential to manufacture hydrogen with excess heat and electricity could significantly alter the economics of atomic energy.
Nuclear power plants could use off-peak electricity to manufacture hydrogen more efficiently and in greater volumes than renewable energy, then sell the supply to existing industrial customers for an additional revenue stream. A single 1,000-megawatt reactor could produce nearly 500 metric tons of hydrogen per day. For perspective, Plug Power has announced a goal of achieving the same level of production by 2025, but needs 13 green hydrogen production sites combined to reach that volume.
This isn't to suggest industrial suppliers such as Plug Power or Bloom Energy (BE) - Get Free Report cannot benefit from pink hydrogen. Rather, this provides an additional potential source of funding, partners, and future business. Indeed, Bloom Energy is working with Westinghouse and others to develop HTSE processes for pink hydrogen production.
Growing Interest in Pink Hydrogen
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) supports the Hydrogen Shot program, which aims to develop the technologies required to produce clean hydrogen for $1 per kilogram. Green hydrogen gets all the glory, but pink hydrogen from nuclear plants is also eligible for funding.
The DOE has provided millions of dollars for pilot programs exploring HTSE processes, including in Arizona and Minnesota. Xcel Energy (XEL) - Get Free Report has been one beneficiary. The electric and gas utility recently began a pilot project at its Prairie Island nuclear power plant. Although work remains in the earliest stages of development, the utility is interested extending the life of its atomic fleet, selling hydrogen to industrial customers, and possibly mixing hydrogen into its own natural gas network.
Additionally, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act passed earlier this year set aside $8 billion to create four regional clean hydrogen hubs across the United States. Sites have yet to be finalized, but investors can expect nuclear power to play a central role in the so-called H2Hubs.
Don't Sleep on Nuclear Power's Role in the Hydrogen Economy
Green hydrogen tends to receive all the coverage and excitement, but pink hydrogen boasts several notable advantages. Nuclear power plants can produce hydrogen at lower costs, higher volumes, and closer to end-users (industrial customers) than newer projects based on renewable energy.
It could be a win-win scenario. If the nation's atomic fleet gains commercial traction with first-generation processes such as HTSE, then it could provide incentives to develop next-generation nuclear reactors capable of operating at higher temperatures. That would deliver safer nuclear energy, increase the nation's supply of carbon-free electricity, and reduce or even eliminate nuclear wastes -- all while having the added benefit to manufacture the lowest-cost hydrogen on the market through thermochemical processes.
There's no guarantee the hydrogen economy will emerge on the timeline or scale expected by investors or politicians, but if and when it does, expect nuclear power to be a critical piece.
https://www.thestreet.com/investing/forget-green-hydrogen-pink-hydrogen-is-heating-up
https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12163
The first Energy Earthshot, launched June 7, 2021—Hydrogen Shot—seeks to reduce the cost of clean hydrogen by 80% to $1 per 1 kilogram in 1 decade ("1 1 1").
The Hydrogen Shot establishes a framework and foundation for clean hydrogen deployment in the American Jobs Plan, which includes support for demonstration projects. Industries are beginning to implement clean hydrogen to reduce emissions, yet many hurdles remain to deploying it at scale. Currently, hydrogen from renewable energy costs about $5 per kilogram. Achieving the Hydrogen Shot’s 80% cost reduction goal can unlock new markets for hydrogen, including steel manufacturing, clean ammonia, energy storage, and heavy-duty trucks. This would create more clean energy jobs, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and position America to compete in the clean energy market on a global scale. These efforts would ensure that environmental protection and benefits for local communities are a priority.
https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/hydrogen-shot
Color of Hydrogen: purple/pink
Pink hydrogen is a type of hydrogen generated through water electrolysis powered by nuclear energy, which is considered green (environmentally friendly) due to its lack of CO2 emissions during production.
Japan's Plan to DESTROY the Price of OIL and GAS!
HTGR/HTTR Reactors
color of hydrogen: purple/pink
Japan's Plan to DESTROY the Price of OIL and GAS!
HTGR Reactors
The Monkees
Mix - The Four Seasons
Mirage
Tommy James
You Baby (Remastered)
The Turtles
The Moody Blues - Your Wildest Dreams
Zombies - Time Of The Season HD
IAEA Convenes Global Experts to Assesses High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors for Electricity, Heat and Hydrogen
Dec 22 2021
Several countries have come together at the IAEA to discuss their plans for developing and deploying advanced High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors (HTGRs) to help decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors such as industry and transport and achieve a successful energy transition to net zero by 2050.
The three-day meeting of the IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Gas Cooled Reactors (TWG-GCR) took place just before China announced on 20 December that it had connected to the grid a High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Pebble-Bed Module (HTR-PM). This is the first of two such small modular reactor (SMR) units being deployed at the Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant in eastern China. With cores comprised of graphite pebbles and specially designed fuel particles, these reactors can operate at temperatures of up to 750° C, providing low-carbon heat for industry and greater efficiency compared with traditional reactors.
Experts from the 14 countries belonging to the TWG-GCR—which since 1978 has reviewed the IAEA’s work on these reactors, assessed knowledge gaps and advised the Agency on initiatives and activities—met virtually on 13-15 December to discuss the global development of gas cooled reactors. In focus were HTGRs of the SMR type and the role they can play in ushering in the low-carbon hydrogen economy, which could make a major contribution to achieving net zero emissions.
“Nuclear power is one of the most promising approaches for efficient, massive and CO2-free hydrogen production,” said Mikhail Chudakov, IAEA Deputy Director General and Head of the Department of Nuclear Energy. “High temperature gas cooled reactors are considered to be the most suitable reactor type for nuclear hydrogen production.”
https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=172836785
IAEA Convenes Global Experts to Assesses High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors for Electricity, Heat and Hydrogen
Dec 22 2021
The Shidao Nuclear Power Plant in Shandong Province, China. (Image: CNNC)
Several countries have come together at the IAEA to discuss their plans for developing and deploying advanced High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors (HTGRs) to help decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors such as industry and transport and achieve a successful energy transition to net zero by 2050.
The three-day meeting of the IAEA’s Technical Working Group on Gas Cooled Reactors (TWG-GCR) took place just before China announced on 20 December that it had connected to the grid a High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Pebble-Bed Module (HTR-PM). This is the first of two such small modular reactor (SMR) units being deployed at the Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant in eastern China. With cores comprised of graphite pebbles and specially designed fuel particles, these reactors can operate at temperatures of up to 750° C, providing low-carbon heat for industry and greater efficiency compared with traditional reactors.
Experts from the 14 countries belonging to the TWG-GCR—which since 1978 has reviewed the IAEA’s work on these reactors, assessed knowledge gaps and advised the Agency on initiatives and activities—met virtually on 13-15 December to discuss the global development of gas cooled reactors. In focus were HTGRs of the SMR type and the role they can play in ushering in the low-carbon hydrogen economy, which could make a major contribution to achieving net zero emissions.
“Nuclear power is one of the most promising approaches for efficient, massive and CO2-free hydrogen production,” said Mikhail Chudakov, IAEA Deputy Director General and Head of the Department of Nuclear Energy. “High temperature gas cooled reactors are considered to be the most suitable reactor type for nuclear hydrogen production.”
Several countries are interested in advanced HTGRs, which can achieve very high fuel utilization rates, with the potential to provide not only low carbon cost-effective electricity but also high-temperature process heat that can be used for various applications. Some 20 designs of modular HTGRs are at different stages of development, with China’s HTR-PM furthest along after its first unit was connected to the grid and its second module achieved first criticality last month.
The potential for using HTGRs for producing clean hydrogen was highlighted by a recent IAEA study, which showed that they would provide one of the most cost-effective means of production when natural gas prices rise to levels well above those generally seen over the last decade, as has been the case recently in the European Union, the United Kingdom and parts of Asia.
Other industrial processes that rely on heat from fossil fuels but could shift to using low carbon HTGRs include seawater desalination, heating for buildings and process heat for industry, refining, and synthesis gas production.
TWG participants provided updates on their national HTGR plans, particularly SMRs.
China, for example, plans to connect its second HTR-PM unit to the grid in the coming weeks. After the HTR-PM demonstration operation, China expects to move on to commercialization sometime after 2030 of the HTR-PM600, which will consist of six reactor modules and one steam turbine generating 650 MWe.
In the United Kingdom, the government confirmed in December it will build an HTGR as the centerpiece of its $225-million Advanced Modular Reactor Research, Development & Demonstration Programme.
Poland, which currently generates 70% of its electricity from coal, is looking into the possibility of deploying HTGRs to provide low-carbon heat for industrial processes such as chemical production alongside its plans for large water cooled rectors for electricity generation.
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) on 30 July successfully resumed operation of its High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) at the Oarai Research Institute after more than a decade offline following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi accident. The JAEA has plans to conduct a range of tests using the HTTR and is also looking to have a demonstration operation of hydrogen production using the HTTR up and running by 2030.
Gas cooled reactors represent about 3% of the total number of reactors in commercial operation worldwide – all of them carbon-dioxide gas cooled reactors in the UK that will be phased out around the mid-2020s. HTGRs currently under development use helium as a coolant rather than water, the most common coolant in the existing reactor fleet.
IAEA role
The IAEA facilitates the development and deployment of HTGRs through Nuclear Energy Series publications and by sharing knowledge and experience through coordinated research projects, meetings and groups such as the TWG-GCR as well as the Agency’s ONCORE Platform, which provides free access to computer codes to support research, education and training for the analysis of advanced power reactors.
“HTGRs have great potential to help the world to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors, but some areas still need to be fully addressed if they are to be broadly deployed,” said Stefano Monti, Head of the IAEA’s Nuclear Power Technology Development Section. “These areas include advanced high temperature materials, the regulatory framework, safeguards and waste management for new fuels, and economics.”
https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/iaea-convenes-global-experts-to-assesses-high-temperature-gas-cooled-reactors-for-electricity-heat-and-hydrogen
https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=172751343
Hydrogen Production and Uses
(Updated September 2020)
Hydrogen directly from nuclear heat
Several direct thermochemical processes are being developed for producing hydrogen from water. For economic production, high temperatures are required to ensure rapid throughput and high conversion efficiencies. They essentially do not use electricity.
In each of the leading thermochemical processes the high-temperature (800-1000°C), low-pressure endothermic (heat absorbing) decomposition of sulfuric acid produces oxygen and sulfur dioxide:
2H2SO4 ? 2H2O + 2SO2 + O2
There are then several possibilities. In the iodine-sulfur (IS) process invented by General Atomics in the 1970s, iodine combines with the SO2 and water to produce hydrogen iodide. This is the Bunsen reaction and is exothermic, occurring at low temperature (120°C):
I2 + SO2 + 2H2O ? 2HI + H2SO4
The HI then dissasociates to hydrogen and iodine at about 350-450°C, endothermically:
2HI ? H2 + I2
This can deliver hydrogen at high pressure.
Combining all this, the net reaction is then:
2H2O ? 2H2 + O2
All the reagents other than water are recycled, there are no effluents, hence it may be called the sulfur-iodine cycle, with zero-carbon hydrogen and oxygen byproducts.
In February 2010 the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) set up the HTGR Hydrogen and Heat Application Research Centre at Oarai to progress operational technology for an IS plant to make hydrogen thermochemically. It has demonstrated laboratory-scale and bench-scale hydrogen production with the IS process, up to 30 litres/h. In parallel with JAEA’s HTTR developments a pilot plant test project producing hydrogen at 30 m3/h from helium heated with 400 kW tested the engineering feasibility of the IS process. An IS plant producing 1000 m3/h (90 kg/h, 2t/day) of hydrogen was to be linked to the HTTR to confirm the performance of an integrated production system, envisaged for the 2020s. In 2014 hydrogen production at up to 20 L/h was demonstrated. In January 2019 it used the HTTR to produce hydrogen using the iodine-sulfur process over 150 hours of continuous operation. JAEA aims to produce hydrogen at less than $3/kg by about 2030 with very high temperature reactors.
The US Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI) launched in 1999 was refocused in 2004 to include the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative (NHI), allied to the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) programme established in 2005. NGNP envisaged construction and operation of a prototype high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR) and associated electricity or hydrogen production facilities by 2021, but funding was cut back under the Obama administration and prelicensing activities were suspended in 2013.
Under an International NERI agreement, Sandia National Laboratories in the USA and the French CEA with General Atomics in the USA were also developing the IS process with a view to using high-temperature reactors for it. They had built and operated a laboratory-scale loop for thermochemical water-splitting.
South Korea has also demonstrated thermochemical water-splitting at laboratory scale, supported by General Atomics. In December 2008, the ROK Atomic Energy Commission officially approved nuclear hydrogen development as a national programme, with the development of key and basic technologies through 2017 and the goal of demonstrating nuclear hydrogen production using the S-I process and a very high-temperature reactor (VHTR) by 2026.
The economics of hydrogen production depend on the efficiency of the method used. The IS cycle coupled to a modular high temperature reactor is expected to produce hydrogen at about $2.00/kg. The oxygen byproduct also has value. General Atomics earlier projected $1.53/kg based on a 2400 MWt HTR operating at 850°C with 42% overall efficiency, and $1.42/kg at 950°C and 52% efficiency (both 10.5% discount rate). Such a plant could produce 800 tonnes of hydrogen per day.
For thermochemical processes an overall efficiency of greater than 50% is projected.
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/energy-and-the-environment/hydrogen-production-and-uses.aspx
https://www.iaea.org/topics/non-electric-applications/nuclear-hydrogen-production
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/energy-and-the-environment/hydrogen-production-and-uses.aspx
https://www.iaea.org/topics/non-electric-applications/nuclear-hydrogen-production
https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=162111693
More funding to progress UK nuclear-generated hydrogen project
14 September 2023
The consortium includes EDF, construction material manufacturer Hanson, National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) and Vulcan Burners.
The concept is to demonstrate solid oxide electrolysis (SOEC) integrated with nuclear heat and electricity from EDF Energy's Heysham site in Lancashire, England, to provide low-carbon, low-cost hydrogen via novel, next generation composite storage tankers to multiple Hanson asphalt and cement sites in the UK. The project partners claim the technology could improve hydrogen production efficiency by 20% when compared with conventional electrolysis. At present, no facility in the world has used hydrogen as fuel for asphalt production.
In November 2022, the UK Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy awarded the Bay Hydrogen Hub - Hydrogen4Hanson project almost GBP400,000 (USD499,500) in funding for a feasibility study of the concept. This funding was made available from the UK government's GBP1 billion Net-Zero Innovation Portfolio, under the Industrial Hydrogen Accelerator Programme.
The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero has now announced a further GBP6.1 million from the same pot for the project, a figure that will be matched by the project partners.
The government and industry funding, which combined will exceed GBP15 million, will go towards developing a final design for the hydrogen production, distribution and end-use technology and for exploring the full costs and delivery plans.
Over the coming months, the project partners will develop the full designs for the electrolyser and scope and cost all works that will be required at Heysham 2 to take the scheme forward. Once this work is concluded, a decision will be made which could see construction, and supporting physical works, begin at the power station in early 2024.
"For decades nuclear power in the UK has provided zero-carbon electricity to the grid and helped to constrain the nation's emissions, collectively saving more than 700 million tonnes of carbon dioxide going to the atmosphere," said Rachael Glaving, commercial director at EDF. "But we know nuclear power can do even more to drive towards decarbonisation. Our hope is that this project shows industries that are dependent on fossil fuels, as well as the nuclear sector, that by working together we can build a lower carbon future for industry and confirm the UK's place as a global decarbonisation technology leader."
https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/More-funding-to-progress-UK-nuclear-generated-hydr
09/13/23 Nikola CEO Fireside Chat and Q&A Webcast with Steve Girsky Listen
https://www.nikolamotor.com/investor-events/
other documents & events
Nikola stock soars, as CEO sees first hydrogen fuel cell trucks delivered by month end
Last Updated: Sept. 15, 2023 at 8:02 a.m. ET
First Published: Sept. 14, 2023 at 2:33 p.m. ET
CEO Steve Girsky: Recall of battery-electric trucks doesn’t affect production or deliveries of fuel cell EVs
“We want you all to be aware that the battery-electric truck recall does not affect the production or deliveries of the fuel cell electric vehicle since it uses a different battery pack from a different supplier,” Girsky said.
He said has production of those trucks began on July 31, the first deliveries of the truck to dealers are planned for late-September and early October, which a launch celebration scheduled for Sept. 28.
Girsky said he believes the deliveries will give Nikola “at least a two-year head start” on its competitors.
https://www.marketwatch.com/story/nikola-stock-soars-as-ceo-sees-first-hydrogen-fuel-cell-trucks-delivered-by-month-end-f925c9b5
Global Takeover Advances to Final Stages
September 15, 2023
Story at-a-glance
The World Health Organization’s pandemic treaty, the amendments to the International Health Regulations (IHRs) and the global One Health agenda are all part of a soft coup, a global power grab
The globalists’ plan for our future can be summarized as “global dominion by the few and total control of the masses”
The technocratic cabal has control over most if not all Western governments, as well as the bureaucratic structure of the WHO; 85% of its funding comes from private entities, so it’s owned by private interests
Based on the current treaty draft and proposed IHR amendments, it’s clear that mRNA-based vaccinations will be mandatory under the WHO’s power structure, and these vaccines will be made in 100 days by skipping human trials and shaving safety and efficacy testing down to the bare bones
Under the treaty, as currently written, nations will be required to surveil and censor social media. The WHO’s narrative will be the only one allowed
https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2023/09/15/global-takeover-final-stages.aspx?ui=23bc1bd9fcb4b3356028a747bd75a4fe7be0ae6a710a0f48676267071f8cecf5&sd=20220710&cid_source=dnl&cid_medium=email&cid_content=art1HL&cid=20230915&foDate=false&mid=DM1464059&rid=1912048044
All Eyes Are on the WHO as They try to Take Over the World
September 15, 2023
Story at-a-glance
In May 2022, the World Health Organization adopted Amendments to International Health Regulations, time for individual countries to turn around and reject them is running out
A whole new set of potentially dangerous Amendments is in the works, the latest draft is not available to the public, the available drafts are nefarious
On September 20, 2023, the UN plans to adopt a “Political Declaration of the United Nations General Assembly High-level Meeting on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response” promoting the need to spend an additional 30 billion every year on “global health emergency preparedness”
In May 2024, the 300+ new amendments and the WHO CA+ Framework Convention (formerly known as “Pandemic Treaty”) are scheduled to be adopted
Time to let our opinions heard and say no to neofeudalism is now
https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2023/09/15/the-who-take-over-the-world.aspx?ui=23bc1bd9fcb4b3356028a747bd75a4fe7be0ae6a710a0f48676267071f8cecf5&sd=20220710&cid_source=dnl&cid_medium=email&cid_content=art2HL&cid=20230915&foDate=false&mid=DM1464059&rid=1912048044
if you want to blame high prices here it is........
CEO pay has skyrocketed 1,322% since 1978 CEOs were paid 351 times as much as a typical worker in 2020
August 10, 2021
What this report finds: Corporate boards running America’s largest public firms are giving top executives outsize compensation packages that have grown much faster than the stock market and the pay of typical workers, college graduates, and even the top 0.1%. In 2020, a CEO at one of the top 350 firms in the U.S. was paid $24.2 million on average (using a “realized” measure of CEO pay that counts stock awards when vested and stock options when cashed in rather than when granted). This 18.9% increase from 2019 occurred because of rapid growth in vested stock awards and exercised stock options. Using a different “granted” measure of CEO pay, average top CEO compensation was $13.9 million in 2020, slightly below its level in 2019. In 2020, the ratio of CEO-to-typical-worker compensation was 351-to-1 under the realized measure of CEO pay; that is up from 307-to-1 in 2019 and a big increase from 21-to-1 in 1965 and 61-to-1 in 1989. CEOs are even making a lot more than other very high earners (wage earners in the top 0.1%)—more than six times as much. From 1978 to 2020, CEO pay based on realized compensation grew by 1,322%, far outstripping S&P stock market growth (817%) and top 0.1% earnings growth (which was 341% between 1978 and 2019, the latest data available). In contrast, compensation of the typical worker grew by just 18.0% from 1978 to 2020.
Why it matters: Exorbitant CEO pay is a major contributor to rising inequality that we could safely do away with. CEOs are getting more because of their power to set pay and because so much of their pay (more than 80%) is stock-related, not because they are increasing their productivity or possess specific, high-demand skills. This escalation of CEO compensation, and of executive compensation more generally, has fueled the growth of top 1.0% and top 0.1% incomes, leaving less of the fruits of economic growth for ordinary workers and widening the gap between very high earners and the bottom 90%. The economy would suffer no harm if CEOs were paid less (or were taxed more).
How we can solve the problem: We need to enact policy solutions that would both reduce incentives for CEOs to extract economic concessions and limit their ability to do so. Such policies could include reinstating higher marginal income tax rates at the very top; setting corporate tax rates higher for firms that have higher ratios of CEO-to-worker compensation; use of antitrust enforcement and regulation to restrain firms’—and by extension, CEOs’—excessive market power; and allowing greater use of “say on pay,” which allows a firm’s shareholders to vote on top executives’ compensation.
https://www.epi.org/publication/ceo-pay-in-2020/
Thanks to the efforts of labor unions, workers have achieved higher wages, more reasonable hours, safer working conditions, health benefits, and aid when retired or injured. Labor unions were also instrumental in ending the practice of child labor. They have exerted a broad influence on American life, reshaping the political, economic, and cultural fabric of the country.
https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0113/the-history-of-unions-in-the-united-states.aspx
that will work also, but the classic view button on the board page does this change permanent or optional on your settings automatically for all the sites you visit, it just makes it simpler, either way will not affect the i-box, it will have to be worked on to meet the new format
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles
hydrogen
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) are similar to electric vehicles (EVs) in that they use an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine to power the wheels. However, while EVs run on batteries that must be plugged in to recharge, FCVs generate their electricity onboard. In a fuel cell, hydrogen (H2) gas from the vehicle’s fuel tank combines with oxygen (O2) from the air to generate electricity with only water and heat as byproducts of the process.
https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/hydrogen-fuel-cell-vehicles
Space Applications of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
At Launch Pad 39B at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, liquid hydrogen tank that supported space shuttle launches for 30 years have been sandblasted, repaired and repainted. Along with the liquid oxygen storage vessel, the two tanks are designed to store super-cold propellants. They were refurbished to support NASA’s Space Launch System rocket and other launch vehicles.
https://www.nasa.gov/content/space-applications-of-hydrogen-and-fuel-cells
United States Department of Energy
HYDROGEN STRATEGY
[ 1 ]HYDROGEN STRATEGY
Enabling A Low-Carbon Economy
Introduction
This document summarizes current hydrogen technologies and communicates the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),
Office of Fossil Energy's (FE’s) strategic plan to accelerate research, development, and deployment of hydrogen
technologies in the United States. It also describes ongoing FE hydrogen-related research and development (R&D).
Hydrogen produced from fossil fuels is a versatile energy carrier and can play an important role in a transition to a low-
carbon economy.
Hydrogen (H2) is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe, and it only occurs naturally on Earth when
combined with other elements. Hydrogen, like electricity, is an energy carrier (fuel) that can be used to store, move, and
deliver energy produced from other sources. It can be produced without a carbon footprint from a variety of sources,
including natural gas, coal, biomass, waste materials (i.e., plastics), or splitting water molecules. Gasification of fossil
fuels with biomass and plastics is expected to be the lowest-cost route to providing carbon negative hydrogen when
using carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies
https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/07/f76/USDOE_FE_Hydrogen_Strategy_July2020.pdf
NASA
Today, liquid hydrogen is the signature fuel of the American space program and is used by other countries in the business of launching satellites. In addition to the Atlas, Boeing's Delta III and Delta IV now have liquid-oxygen/liquid-hydrogen upper stages. This propellant combination is also burned in the main engine of the Space Shuttle. One of the significant challenges for the European Space Agency was to develop a liquid-hydrogen stage for the Ariane rocket in the 1970s. The Soviet Union did not even test a liquid-hydrogen upper stage until the mid-1980s. The Russians are now designing their Angara launch vehicle family with liquid-hydrogen upper stages. Lack of Soviet liquid-hydrogen technology proved a serious handicap in the race of the two superpowers to the Moon.4 Taming liquid hydrogen is one of the significant technical achievements of twentieth century American rocketry.
https://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/hydrogen/hydrogen_fuel_of_choice.html#:~:text=Today%2C%20liquid%20hydrogen%20is%20the%20signature%20fuel%20of,in%20the%20main%20engine%20of%20the%20Space%20Shuttle.
Hydrogen Production and Uses
(Updated September 2020)
Hydrogen directly from nuclear heat
he US Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI) launched in 1999 was refocused in 2004 to include the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative (NHI), allied to the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) programme established in 2005. NGNP envisaged construction and operation of a prototype high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR) and associated electricity or hydrogen production facilities by 2021, but funding was cut back under the Obama administration and prelicensing activities were suspended in 2013.
Under an International NERI agreement, Sandia National Laboratories in the USA and the French CEA with General Atomics in the USA were also developing the IS process with a view to using high-temperature reactors for it. They had built and operated a laboratory-scale loop for thermochemical water-splitting.
South Korea has also demonstrated thermochemical water-splitting at laboratory scale, supported by General Atomics. In December 2008, the ROK Atomic Energy Commission officially approved nuclear hydrogen development as a national programme, with the development of key and basic technologies through 2017 and the goal of demonstrating nuclear hydrogen production using the S-I process and a very high-temperature reactor (VHTR) by 2026.
The economics of hydrogen production depend on the efficiency of the method used. The IS cycle coupled to a modular high temperature reactor is expected to produce hydrogen at about $2.00/kg. The oxygen byproduct also has value. General Atomics earlier projected $1.53/kg based on a 2400 MWt HTR operating at 850°C with 42% overall efficiency, and $1.42/kg at 950°C and 52% efficiency (both 10.5% discount rate). Such a plant could produce 800 tonnes of hydrogen per day.
For thermochemical processes an overall efficiency of greater than 50% is projected.
https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=162111693
Modern reactors are safer
Today’s reactor designs also have far more safety features than older installations. These range from duplicate emergency cooling systems to prevent overheating even if some systems fail, through to so-called “core catchers” that would contain the reactor core in a worst-case meltdown event.
Some designs will cool passively in the event of a loss of power to the cooling circuit (as happened at Fukushima). The heat from the core will gradually dissipate from the walls of the pressure vessel and through the cooling circuit by convection. The reactors that are being constructed today benefit from 60 years of experience gained in the design and operation of nuclear power plants around the world.
But future reactor technologies –- so-called “Gen IV” designs – offer even better inherent safety. One of their key features are fully passive cooling systems so the reactor is never dependent on external power for safety. The reactor is carefully designed so that overheating actually reduces, rather than increases, the power output of the core. The core and cooling systems are not pressurised, and using liquids other than water for cooling prevents the risk of creating hydrogen: both of which drastically reduce the risk of explosions as occurred at Fukushima.
Power plant of the future. Idaho National Laboratory/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY
Gen IV reactors will also allow more efficient use of nuclear fuel. The fuel in current reactor designs is used only once and then disposed of, which produces radioactive waste that will take hundreds of millennia to decay to a safe level. But this waste contains valuable resources of fissile material that can be reprocessed into new fuel. Burning this fuel in specialised “fast” reactors provides would be much more efficient and generate waste that decays safely within just a hundred years or so. It would also move us towards a closed fuel-cycle that would greatly extend the lifetime of the Earth’s uranium reserves.
https://theconversation.com/nuclear-power-is-set-to-get-a-lot-safer-and-cheaper-heres-why-62207
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/safety-of-nuclear-power-reactors.aspx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power
Nuclear Power is the Most Reliable Energy Source and It's Not Even Close
March 24, 2021
Nuclear energy is America’s work horse.
It’s been rolling up its sleeves for six decades now to provide constant, reliable, carbon-free power to millions of Americans.
Just how reliable has nuclear energy been?
It has roughly supplied a fifth of America’s power each year since 1990.
To better understand what makes nuclear so reliable, take a look at the graph below.
As you can see, nuclear energy has by far the highest capacity factor of any other energy source. This basically means nuclear power plants are producing maximum power more than 93% of the time during the year.
That’s about 1.5 to 2 times more as natural gas and coal units, and 2.5 to 3.5 times more reliable than wind and solar plants.
https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/nuclear-power-most-reliable-energy-source-and-its-not-even-close
Under the board title there is a classic view button
Girsky’s goal at Nikola: Don’t ‘screw up the momentum’
Monday, August 28, 2023
https://www.freightwaves.com/news/daily-infographic-girskys-goal-at-nikola-dont-screw-up-the-momentum
Steve Girsky’s vision for Nikola
Aug 16, 2023
stervc
Member Level
Re: lager post# 39910
MGON CEO was with €27.7 Billion Danone Group...
That recent MGON news was just news, but it was not big news for MGON in my opinion. I do believe though that there will be much bigger news coming. I believe that based on the resume of the CEO for MGON, I am very confident that he knows how to do things big and I believe he will do just that here with MGON.
MGON Outstanding Shares (OS) = 269,876,881 Shares as of 08/11/2023
https://www.otcmarkets.com/stock/MGON/security
The current CEO for MGON is Robert (Bob) Gardiner who was part of the management team for the Danone Group of which is a €27.7 Billion company. For inquiring minds, that equates to $29,980,264,000 in US Dollars:
https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.aspx?message_id=172707393
https://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/msgsearch.aspx?searchStr=MGON
GOP lawmaker unveils push to block funding for Trump prosecutions
August 28, 2023
Georgia Rep Andrew Clyde dismissed the 4 criminal indictments as a 'witch hunt'
Rep. Andrew Clyde, R-Ga., is planning to use the upcoming government spending fight to pump the brakes on the federal and state prosecutions targeting former President Trump.
"Americans’ hard-earned tax dollars have no place funding the radical Left’s nefarious election interference efforts," Clyde told Fox News Digital. "Together, Jack Smith, Alvin Bragg, and Fani Willis intentionally brought four sham indictments against the sitting president’s top political opponent, President Donald J. Trump, as the upcoming 2024 presidential election ramps up."
Clyde is a member of the House Appropriations Committee, which has been tasked with assembling 12 different spending bills for the next fiscal year, which begins on Oct. 1.
https://www.foxnews.com/politics/gop-lawmaker-unveils-push-block-funding-trump-prosecutions