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http://www.astm.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/jforensicsci/TOC02/4942004.htm?L+mystore+zixu0408+108998335...
Sinha S, Budowle B, Chakraborty R, Paunovic A, Guidry RD, Larsen C, Lal A, Schaffer M, Pineda G, Sinha SK, Schneida E, Nasir H, Shewale JG
Paper ID: JFS2003246
Utility of the Y-STR typing systems, Y-PLEX™ 6 and Y-PLEX™ 5 in forensic casework and 11 Y-STR haplotype database for three major population groups in the United States
Keywords: D2S1388, DNA typing, DQA1, DYS19, DYS385, DYS3891, DYS38911, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS438, DYS439, FGA, forensic science, GC, GYPA, HBGG, human identification, LDLR, Penta D, Penta E, short tandem repeats, TH01, TPOX, vWA, Y-chromosome, Y-PLEX, Y-STR
Abstract: The Y-PLEX™ 6 and Y-PLEX™ 5 systems enable analysis for 11 Y-STR loci. We present here the utility of these systems in forensic casework. A total of 188 samples, including 127 evidence samples, were analyzed using either or both of the systems. The evidence sample types included fingernail scrapings, sperm or seminal fluid, epithelial cells, blood and other tissues. The Y-STR typing systems provided useful probative results in difficult cases. A reference database for Caucasian (n=517$), African American (n=535), and Hispanic (n=245) population groups within the United States was generated for estimating the haplotype frequency in forensic casework. Among the individuals profiled, 311 Caucasians, 412 African Americans, and 194 Hispanics provided unique profiles in their respective population datasets. This is the first report describing the haplotype database for the set of 11 Y-STR loci recommended by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM). Linkage analysis reveals that the frequencies from forensically important autosomal loci can be multiplied with the Y-STR haplotype frequency. The results from Y-PLEX™systems have been accepted in courts in the United States.
One for ifida
Hering S, Brundirs N, Kuhlisch E, Edelmann J, Plate I, Benecke M, Van PH, Michael M, Szibor R. DXS10011: studies on structure, allele distribution in three populations and genetic linkage to further q-telomeric chromosome X markers. Int J Legal Med. 2004 Jul 10.
Institut fur Rechtsmedizin, Technische Universitat Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
The hypervariable tetranucleotide STR polymorphism DXS10011 is a powerful marker for forensic purposes. Investigation of this STR led to an allele nomenclature which is in consensus with the ISFG recommendations. DXS10011 is located at Xq28 and genetically closely linked to DXS7423 and DXS8377 but is unlinked to HPRTB and more distant X-chromosomal STRs. DXS10011 is a very complex marker exhibiting some structural variants within alleles of identical length. Two types of repeat structure (regular and inter-alleles) are known and described as types A and B. Two SNPs which are in strong linkage disequilibrium to the different sequence types were found in the repeat flanking region. The type A sequence consists of a long stretch of uninterrupted homogenous repeats which is highly susceptible to slippage mutation during male meiosis.
One for Mike Tiernan
Wang N, Zhou X, Tan FK, Foster MW, Arnett FC, Chakraborty R. Genetic signatures of pre-expansion bottleneck in the Choctaw population of Oklahoma. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2004 Aug;124(4):373-9.
Center for Genome Information, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267.
Previous research showed that the Choctaw Indians of Oklahoma exhibit considerable linkage disequilibria (LD) in a number of regions of the genome that has allowed genetic fine mapping for potential susceptibility genes for the autoimmune connective tissue disease scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis (SSc). In principle, such enhanced background LD in the Choctaws could be caused by population bottleneck event(s) followed by recent population expansion. This investigation utilizes genome-scan data on 175 dinucleotide loci from 76 Choctaw individuals to seek genetic evidence of the demographic history of the Choctaw Nation. Of the 175 loci examined, 105 are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The average unbiased homozygosity over the 105 loci for the Choctaws (29.3%) is significantly higher than that in the European descent group (20.9%); and when adjusted for sample-size differences, the Choctaw also exhibit a significantly smaller number of segregating alleles (6.65 vs. 8.14) at these loci. Both of these observations are consistent with the trend expected in an isolated population. Comparison of the allele size variance and gene diversity yields an imbalance index (lnbeta) of 0.811 in the Choctaw. Of the 105 loci examined, 93 exhibit excess expected homozygosity in comparison to the expectations of a stepwise mutation model in a population of constant size. Taken together, these observations are consistent with a signature of the recent population size expansion of the Choctaws, preceded by bottleneck event(s). Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Vertical facial height and proportions of face among Hausa-Fulani children differ from those of other ethnic groups
Utomi IL. Vertical Facial Height and Proportions of Face in Hausa - Fulani Children in Northern Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2004 Mar;11(1):32-36.
Department of Child Dental Health, College of Medicine, University of Lagos. P.M.B 12003, Lagos, Nigeria.
Objective:To determine the vertical facial height and proportions of face in Hausa-Fulani children. Materials and Methods: 100 subjects aged 11-13 years of Hausa-Fulani ancestry and with no previous orthodontic treatment were selected for the study. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were traced and measurements made to produce values for-Upper Anterior Facial Height (UAFH), Lower Anterior Facial Height (LAFH), Lower Posterior Facial Height (LPFH), and Total Posterior Facial Height (TPFH). From these measurements the various ratios were then derived. Results: The range of normal values in both sexes for UAFH =53.1-57.8mm with a mean value of 55.8+ 3.9mm: LAFH =67.6- 73.8mm with a mean value of 70.7 4.9mm;LPFH =42.0-47.7mm with a mean of 44.7+4.6mm; TPFH=73.0- 80.7mm with a mean value of 44.7+4.6mm; TPFH= 73.0-80.7mm with a mean value of 76.7+ 6.0 mm. UAFH/TAFH was 44.2% for males and 44.1% for females. LPFH/TPFH was constant (58.4%) for both sexes.TPFH/TAFH was 61.5% for males and 63.0% for females. Conclusions: Vertical facial height and proportions of face among Hausa-Fulani children differ from those of other ethnic groups and should be used in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in Hausa-Fulani children. KEY WORDS: face, Hausa-Fulani, height, proportion.
Porter JP, Olson KL. Analysis of the African American female nose. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003 Feb;111(2):620-6; discussion 627-8.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA. jportermd@aol.com
The African American nose has been broadly classified as ethnic yet it differs significantly in morphology from that of other ethnic groups with which it is categorized. The objectives of this study were to (1) establish an objective protocol for analysis of the African American female nose using anthropometric measurements, and (2) determine whether subjective subcategorization schemes are a reliable replacement for anthropometry. African American women (n = 107) between the ages of 18 and 30 years consented to participate in this study. Photographs and 14 standard anthropometric measurements were taken of the face and nasal region, including nose length, nose width, special upper face height, intercanthal distance, mouth width, nasal bridge inclination, nasal tip protrusion, ala thickness, nasal root width, nasal bridge length, tangential length of ala, length of columella, nasofrontal angle, and nasolabial angle. Nasal indices including nose width-nose height index, nasal tip protrusion-nose height index, and nasal tip protrusion-nasal width index were calculated. In addition, photographic analysis was performed to evaluate nostril shape, nasal base shape, and nasal dorsal height. Proportional relationships and subcategorization schemes were evaluated. A new method of nasal analysis for the African American woman uses the proportional relationships of the anthropometric measurements. Proportional relationships included a columellar to lobule ratio of 1.5:1, a nasolabial angle of 86 degrees, and an alar width to intercanthal distance ratio of 5:4. The nasal dorsal height classification scheme was the most reliable for subjective analysis. The degree of variability found within this group of young African American women is illustrated by the following indices and their respective ranges: nose width-nose height index mean, 79.7 (range, 57 to 102); nasal tip protrusion-nose height index mean, 33.8 (range, 23 to 46); and nasal tip protrusion-nose width index mean, 42.8 (range, 32 to 61). The guidelines provided are a baseline from which to begin analysis and evaluation.
Vanezis M, Vanezis P, Minnis H, McMillan A, Gillies M, Smith S. The creation of inter-ethnic images for studies in applied psychology. Med Sci Law. 2003 Oct;43(4):301-6.
Department of Forensic Medicine and Science, University of Glasgow.
The facial transformation programme, is an integral part of the computerised three-dimensional facial reconstruction system, employed at the University of Glasgow for forensic and historical cases. It was applied to the creation of inter-ethnic images for use in studies to assess the response of various groups to facial appearance in the assessment of racial stereotyping. We initially acquired a three-dimensional facial image from a young black (Negroid) male volunteer, using our optical laser scanning system. This image was then used as a template over a Caucasian skull to produce a reconstruction using facial criteria applicable to white (Caucasian) males. The other image used was that of the facial template of the black male. A commercially available electronic identikit system, E-FIT was then used to add appropriate hair styles and open eyes to both images. In addition, on the 'Caucasian reconstruction' we were able to reduce the contrast and lighting on the face. This was relatively straightforward as we were using greyscale images rather than colour. The shape of the nose and lips on the white male were also altered to be more in keeping with Caucasoid average measurements. The resulting images were shown to a group of second-year clinical psychology students and their responses are discussed. Similar images may also be used in studies of racial stereotyping in different categories of professionals such as police, prison personnel, probation officers, social workers, potential employers, doctors, and others, in order to assess the response to individuals by facial appearance.
Ochi K, Ohashi T. The effects of an external nasal dilator and nasal dimensions in Asians. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002 Feb;126(2):160-3.
Department of Otolaryngology, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan. k2ochi@marianna-u.ac.jp
OBJECTIVES: We examined the potential correlation between the effectiveness of an external nasal dilator for Asians and nasal dimensions. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS: The length, width, and height of the subjects' nose were measured. From these parameters, a nasal index (nasal width/nasal length) and a basal view index (columella height/nasal width) were calculated. Nasal airway resistances with and without an external nasal dilator were measured. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between both nasal index and basal view index and the changes in nasal resistance that resulted from wearing an external nasal dilator, whereas no significant correlation was detected between each of the 3 nasal dimensions and changes in nasal resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Noses with a smaller nasal index or a larger basal view index receive greater benefits from the wearing of an external nasal dilator. The effects of external nasal dilators are influenced by nasal shape rather than by individual nasal dimensions in Asians.
Friess M, Baylac M. Exploring artificial cranial deformation using elliptic Fourier analysis of Procrustes aligned outlines. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2003 Sep;122(1):11-22.
New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA. mfriess@amnh.org
The anatomical effects of artificial cranial deformation on the face and the base have been subject to various metric approaches, including standard linear as well as finite element techniques, and have produced controversial results (Anton [1989] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 79:253-267; Kohn et al. [1993] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 90:147-158). It can be argued that diverging observations partly result from methodological constraints. The present study compares samples of intentionally deformed and undeformed human crania, using elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA), a morphometric approach which has been shown to be particularly appropriate for characterizing the shape of two-dimensional outlines and associated shape changes. We improve the standard EFA approach by adding a preliminary orientation of the outlines following the rotation parameters of a Procrustes superimposition, using multiple homologous landmarks called control points. The results confirm that circumferentially deformed skulls exhibit modifications of the basioccipital region, together with increased anterior and inferior facial projection. However, the degree to which basioccipital flattening is modified in circumferentially deformed Peruvians was found to be less marked than changes observed in the face. Some of the modifications observed here can be related to morphological trends existing in the population from which our sample was taken. The observation of other modifications may be subject to methodological constraints of standard morphometric approaches. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
So, the obvious implication is that information about facial height and proportions could be an element of a generated composite picture derived from DNA analysis, specifically ancestry. There are several different lines of research which I have come across, all of which could be input to such a composite picture generation platform.
ifida, is there no end to the connections lol
I've seen Peter Underhill's name a few times as well, for instance:
Ye J, Parra EJ, Sosnoski DM, Hiester K, Underhill PA, Shriver MD. Melting curve SNP (McSNP) genotyping: a useful approach for diallelic genotyping in forensic science. J Forensic Sci. 2002 May;47(3):593-600.
Ke Y, Su B, Song X, Lu D, Chen L, Li H, Qi C, Marzuki S, Deka R, Underhill P, Xiao C, Shriver M, Lell J, Wallace D, Wells RS, Seielstad M, Oefner P, Zhu D, Jin J, Huang W, Chakraborty R, Chen Z, Jin L. African origin of modern humans in East Asia: a tale of 12,000 Y chromosomes. Science. 2001 May 11;292(5519):1151-3.
Su B, Jin L, Underhill P, Martinson J, Saha N, McGarvey ST, Shriver MD, Chu J, Oefner P, Chakraborty R, Deka R. Polynesian origins: insights from the Y chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 18;97(15):8225-8.
OT: Turning the tables on Nigeria's e-mail conmen
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3887493.stm
For those that are not aware of the connection(s):
http://www.reliagene.com/index.asp?content_id=y_reference&menu_id=rd
Sinha, S.K., Budowle, B., Arcot, S.S., Richey, Chakraborty, R., Jones, M.D., Wojtkiewicz, P.W. and Shoenbauer, D.A., S.L., Gross, A.M. and Shewale, J.G.,, 2002. Developement and Validation of the multiplexed Y-chromosome STR genotyping system, Y-PLEXTM 5, for forensic casework. Journal Forensic Science. 48(1): 93-103
http://www.eafs2003.org/sub/workshopflyer.htm
# 4 Y Chromosome Analysis and its Application to Forensic Casework
September 22, 2003
Description: The workshop will target individuals who are currently performing casework using autosomal STR analysis or are in the process of validating/implementing Y-Chromosome DNA analysis for casework. The program's morning session will focus on the general introduction of Y-chromosome including structure, evolution, and polymorphic markers on the Y-chromosome and the development of new Y-STR, Y-SNP markers. The migration of human population as tracked by Y-Chromosome analysis will also be discussed. The afternoon session will be focused on forensic validation, population genetics and casework experience of multiplexed Y-chromosome systems currently in use in forensic casework. The workshop will have the privilege of the participation of international scientists who pioneered the development and establishment of Y-STR and Y-SNP analysis systems for human identity as well as human evolution studies.
Presenters: Sudhir K. Sinha (ReliaGene Technologies, Inc., USA), Bruce Budowle (Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI Academy, Quantico, USA), Manfred Kayser (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany), Mohammed Tahir (Indianapolis-Marion County Forensic Services Agency, USA), Ersi Abaci-Kalfoglu (Istanbul University, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Turkey), Peter A. Underhill (Department of Genetics, Stanford University, USA), Ranajit Chakraborty (Director, University of Cincinnati Center for Genome Information, USA), Jose A. Lorente (Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Granada, Spain).
Yes, Kinetana are indirectly associated only, and there are any number of reasons why the Frudakis family might want a shell company (either involving or not involving DNAP). At the moment we can only speculate. You don't need a shell to spin off (or spin out) a division per se, but the shell perhaps serves some other purpose. We will have to see. I am personally interested as well in the basis on which the employment agreements for Richard Gabriel, Monica Tamborini and Hector Gomez have been renewed (assuming that they have been). This information should appear in the next 10Q of course.
Some relevant extracts from the employment agreement of Tony Frudakis:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1127354/000107087601000054/0001070876-01-000054-0004.txt
The Company hereby employs Executive and the latter hereby accepts employment by the Company for the five (5) year period commencing on 22 August, 2000 (the "Commencement Date") and expiring 22 August, 2005...
5. Proprietary Interests.
During or after the expiration of his term of employment with the Company, the Executive shall not communicate or divulge to, or use for the benefit of, any individual, association, partnership, trust, corporation or other entity except the Company, any proprietary information of the Company received by the Executive by virtue of such employment, without first being in receipt of the Company's written consent to do so. Executives employment shall be subject to the stipulations and conditions outlined in Exhibit C, attached hereto.
6. Restrictive Covenant.
During the term of his employment hereunder and for the two (2) year period following the termination thereof for any reason other than (a) the Company's discontinuance of activities; (b) an adjudication of the Company's material breach of any of its obligations set forth in Sections 1-4, inclusive; or (c) a termination of the Executive by the Company under the provisions of subparagraph d. (2) of Section 8. below, the Executive shall not, directly or indirectly, engage in or become an owner of, render any service to, enter the employment of, or represent or solicit for any business which competes with any activity of the Company conducted at any time during the Executive's period of employment and which is located in any county of the State of Florida in which the Company shall maintain any activity. The parties expressly agree that the duration and geographical area of this restrictive covenant are reasonable.
This covenant shall be construed as an agreement independent of any other provision herein, and the existence of any claim or cause of action of the Executive against the Company regardless of how arising, shall not constitute a defense to the enforcement by the Company of its terms. If any portion of the covenant is held by a court of law to be unenforceable with respect either to its duration or geographical area, for whatever reason, it shall be considered divisible both as to time and geographical area, so that each month of the specified period shall be deemed a separate period of time and each county within the State of Florida a separate geographical area, resulting in an intended requirement that the longest lesser period of time or largest lesser geographical area found by such court to be a reasonable restriction shall remain an effective restrictive covenant, specifically enforceable against the Executive.
Notwithstanding any statement contained in this Section 6. to the contrary, legal or beneficial ownership by the Executive of a less than five percent (5%) interest in a competitive corporation at least one (1) class of capital stock of which is publicly traded on a national or regional stock exchange or by means of an electronic interdealer quotation system, shall not be deemed to constitute a breach by the Executive of the terms hereof.
7. Remedies for Breach of Executive's Obligations.
The parties agree that the services of the Executive are of a personal, specific, unique and extraordinary character and cannot be readily replaced by the Company. They further agree that in the course of performing his services, the Executive will have access to various types of proprietary information of the Company, which, if released to others or used by the Executive other than for the benefit of the Company, in either case without the Company's consent, could cause the Company to suffer irreparable injury. Therefore, the obligations of the Executive established under ss.ss. 5. and 6. hereof shall be enforceable both at law and in equity, by injunction, specific performance, damages or other remedy; and the right of the Company to obtain any such remedy shall be cumulative and not alternative and shall not be exhausted by any one or more uses thereof.
...and then not a lot since his appointment was announced. In fact the only subsequent DNAPhenomics PR concerned Dr Shahi's book!
HPV again
http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/200407/kt2004071117455612070.htm
DNA Chips to Be Used for Medical Use
By Kim Rahn
Staff Reporter
DNA chips, developed by local biotechnology firms for disease diagnosis, will be approved for medical use as early as this month.
The Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) said yesterday that it has recently finished safety tests on DNA chips developed to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) by two local biomedical venture companies, Biomedlab and Mygene.
The KFDA added it will approve the usage of the chips for medical purposes within this month as soon it completes inspections on the firms’ production facilities.
As HPV is reported to cause cervical cancer and other cancers, the DNA chips for HPV detection, if approved, will be useful for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer, which can be completely cured if treated in its early stage.
A KFDA official said the approval of the DNA chips will be the first of its kind in Korea as well as in the world.
The drug administration has worked to set up guidelines for biotechnological products and designate DNA chips as medical supplies since 2001. It has established regulations for biochips and analyzing facilities, and codes to classify those products.
Biomedlab and Mygene have developed several kinds of DNA chips since 2000. However, the chips have been used only for research purposes and not for medical diagnosis, as there have been no classifying codes or guidelines for those products.
rahnita@koreatimes.co.kr
Here are the websites for the two companies:
http://english.mygene.net
http://www.bmelab.co.kr/eng/index.asp
We know that:
Prior to Closing, the Corporation's Director shall elect Dr. Tony N. Frudakis, Ph.D., Wenxia Guo, Peiyi Tian, Jianjun Liu, and Huimin Zhang to serve as members of the Board of Directors. Dr. Tony N. Frudakis shall serve as a director of the Board for the next two years without compensation
So let's remove Jianjun Liu. From this source:
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/95302/000116768704000012/scii8k042304ex21.htm
We know who Ms. Guo WenXia was:
Ms. WenXia Guo, Chief Executive Officer
Yangling Daiying Biological Engineering Co., Ltd.
13 floor of apartment A, Jiezuo Plaza, FengYe New City, Xi'an Hi-tech Development Zone, P.R.CHINA 710075
So that leaves Peiyi Tian and Huimin Zhang to account for.
Is this our Peiyi Tian:
http://www.cgs-gmbh.de/kontakte_e.htm
Cico Engineering Co. Ltd.
Contact person: Peiyi Tian
Phone: +86-10-8527-6377
Fax: +86-10-8527-6378
E-Mail: beijing@illies.de
Address: Room 1760, Beijing Sunflower Tower
No. 37 Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District,
100026 Beijing, P. R. China
Is this our Huimin Zhang:
http://surgery.uth.tmc.edu/organ_transplant/Frames/facultyandstaffdirectory.html
Rutzky LP, Bilinski S, Kloc M, Phan T, Zhang H, Katz SM, Stepkowski SM. Microgravity culture condition reduces immunogenicity and improves function of pancreatic islets1. Transplantation. 2002 Jul 15;74(1):13-21.
http://www.sivb.org/2004meeting_Wednesday.asp
Or maybe this one:
http://www.mccombs.utexas.edu/development/howtogive/scholarships.asp
Excellence Funds (Program Support) and Recipients for 2003-2004
Accounting Education Fund of the College of Business Administration – Vincent Chen, Kimberlee W. Elsner, Jared A. Frost, Sean P. Hanle, Danielle M. Jones, Jaclyn R. Meyer, Sandra I. Nashif, Kristin R. Pickton, Pramod P. Raju, Graeme P. Rein, Yunkyung Rim, Daniel N. Ronan, Gregory M. Siracusa, Huimin Zhang
Or perhaps it's this one:
http://www.rsc.org/CFmuscat/intermediate_abstract.cfm?FURL=/ej/JM/2003/b302977h.PDF
Shi-Zhao Kang , Qingdao Zeng , Chen Wang , Shandong Xu , Huimin Zhang , Zhigang Wang , Lijun Wan and Chunli Bai. Towards total dissolution of full length unmodified carbon nanotubes (CNT) and its application to fabrication of ultra-thin CNT films at the water/air interface. J. Mater. Chem., 2003, 13 (6), 1244 - 1247.
Then again, perhaps it's this guy:
P4 - Sliding Window Based CAC for Adaptive Service in Mobile Network
Peng Zhao, Huimin Zhang, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China
Confusing isn't it...
Just making sure. He obviously still works with people like Gilliam and Terwilliger:
http://genome4.cpmc.columbia.edu/investigator.html
Park N, Juo SH, Cheng R, Liu J, Loth JE, Lilliston B, Nee J, Grunn A, Kanyas K, Lerer B, Endicott J, Gilliam TC, Baron M. Linkage analysis of psychosis in bipolar pedigrees suggests novel putative loci for bipolar disorder and shared susceptibility with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2004 Jul 6
Martinez-Mir A, Zlotogorski A, Londono D, Gordon D, Grunn A, Uribe E, Horev L, Ruiz IM, Davalos NO, Alayan O, Liu J, Gilliam TC, Salas-Alanis JC, Christiano AM. Identification of a locus for type I punctate palmoplantar keratoderma on chromosome 15q22-q24. J Med Genet. 2003 Dec;40(12):872-8.
Yonan AL, Alarcon M, Cheng R, Magnusson PK, Spence SJ, Palmer AA, Grunn A, Juo SH, Terwilliger JD, Liu J, Cantor RM, Geschwind DH, Gilliam TC. A genomewide screen of 345 families for autism-susceptibility loci. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Oct;73(4):886-97.
So, one Sun City board member is the Senior Research Scientist, Genome Institute of Singapore. What about the others? They're a bit harder to find. One looks to be associated with the University of Texas and there seem to be some similarities in research history and interests which might indicate an area of focus for Sun City...
Sure it's not this guy:
http://genome4.cpmc.columbia.edu/researcher/smith.html
Check out the "Group Members"...
http://www.cureautismnow.org/research/pastfundings/3893.jsp
Identification of autism-linked genomic regions by a genome-wide mapping and genetic study of chromosomal abnormality of 15q
Jianjun Liu, Ph.D., Columbia University (Young Investigator)
Autism is a neuropsychiatric disease that occurs in 1 to 2 in 1000 children. Even though the physiological mechanism of autism is still not clear, scientific studies have shown that the development of autism is influenced by inheritable genetic factors. One of these genetic factors might locate in chromosome 15 because many cases have been reported indicating a possible association between the chromosomal abnormality of chromosome 15 and autism or autistic behavior. This project is proposed to further investigate this possible association in AGRE's families and, if the association is confirmed, to try to identify gene or genes that may increase the risk that a child will develop autism.
Can't help with that one either Mike I'm afraid. There again, we did know about this back in April...
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=2979833
...so I suppose things might have changed in the interim. I must admit in all the excitement I didn't really check the list of speakers that thoroughly. Was there anybody else interesting there?
Or to go to all the trouble to transfer the business address of the legal entity he is jumping ship to back to Cocoanut Avenue - why bother eh? I'm confused too. Mike, I guess we're just not as smart as those that can see the "big shoe" doing its "Sword of Damocles" impression...
This is IMO wrong. I agree with High Hopes who previously replied to you on this subject:
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=3525549
My understanding from reading the press release is that the DNAWitness test done on the suspect's DNA reduced the number of men that need to be screened. It sounds like DNAP did only one test. We haven't been told which lab is doing the "bar graph" DNA test. DNAP saves law enforcement money by providing a geographical and racial profile. From that information, the pool is narrowed. We have not been told that DNAP is going to do the DNA tests on the 1000 men. Anyone else read it that way?
This implies that the revenue from this might be as low as $1,000 (not forgetting that initial samples for these forensic clients are free anyway). However, the publicity and credibility value of working with New Scotland Yard and the Metropolitan Police is enormous.
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1137602/000110801704000398/0001108017-04-000398-index.htm
BUSINESS ADDRESS:
STREET 1: 900 COCUNUT AVENUE
On previous filings the business address was given as 1220 GLENMORE DR. APOPKA, FL.
Doug, understand but at the end of the day there is a superset of population which the test should ultimately be able to categorize samples into.
Sarasota itself
That obviously makes sense, and the larger the population samples the beter. If only we lived in that perfect world.
OT: Mike, the use of the phrase "but hey" has serious negative connotations amongst some of the folks here (especially when suffixed by "that's JMHO").
On the issue of it being taken seriously, leaving aside things like Moffitt, collaboration with Shriver and McKeigue, and the patent application, there is always:
Frudakis T, Venkateswarlu K, Thomas MJ, Gaskin Z, Ginjupalli S, Gunturi S, Ponnuswamy V, Natarajan S, Nachimuthu PK. A classifier for the SNP-based inference of ancestry. J Forensic Sci. 2003 Jul;48(4):771-82.
Unless of course the Journal of Forensic Science is not going to be considered a serious publication (not to mention Trends in Genetics). Publication in peer reviewed journals is being taken seriously enough in my book, even if they are not quite Nature lol.
Mike, I think you are not going to get the sort of answer you want until the textbook is published (if then). I must admit this topic is really one for the genealogy heads out there!
I see there is the usual trash talk on RB. One point I would like to nip in the bud is the question of patent assignment:
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR COMPLEX GENETICS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS AND LINEAR/QUADRATIC ANALYSIS
Assigned to: DNAPRINT GENOMICS, INC.
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR GENETIC CLASSIFICATION
Assigned to: DNAPRINT GENOMICS, INC.
METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF GENETIC FEATURES
Assigned to: DNAPRINT GENOMICS, INC.
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE INFERENCE OF PIGMENTATION TRAITS
Assigned to: DNAPRINT GENOMICS, INC.
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR INFERRING ANCESTRY
Assigned to: DNAPRINT GENOMICS, INC.
SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS AND COMBINATIONS THEREOF PREDICTIVE FOR PACLITAXEL RESPONSIVENESS
Assigned to: DNAPRINT GENOMICS, INC.
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR USE IN GENETICS CLASSIFICATION INCLUDING CLASSIFICATION TREE ANALYSIS
Assigned to: DNAPRINT GENOMICS, INC.
METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF GENETIC FEATURES FOR COMPLEX GENETICS CLASSIFIERS
Assigned to: DNAPRINT GENOMICS, INC.
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR INFERRING A RESPONSE TO A STATIN
Assigned to: DNAPRINT GENOMICS, INC.
Oh, and patents related to Tony's time at Corixa like:
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE THERAPY AND DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER
Are assigned to Corixa Corporation. Back to the drawing board...
Mike, that is something I for one would like to see! Any scientific revolution (to borrow a phrase from Kuhn) is always followed by a period where the previous "heresy" is accepted as the de facto norm. I think that day, and the associated volte face, is arriving shortly for Messrs O'Brien, Smith, Kidd, Goldstein, et al.
frog, you said:
"You know for a fact that posts from your side of the aisle have at times flagrantly violated the TOS but have been allowed to remain."
Citing the aforementioned Chrisbaskett post, anything that violates the TOS (flagrantly or otherwise) from either "side" is removed. It is a level playing field. Pure and simple.
They're all familiar names. The one that came up recently (indirectly) was Anthony Brooks at Karolinska:
http://brookes.cgb.ki.se/
Sarah Sawyer is his PhD student:
http://www.investorshub.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=3483460
Scoring insertion-deletion polymorphisms by dynamic allele-specific hybridization.
Sawyer SL, Howell WM, Brookes AJ
Biotechniques, 2003; 35(2): 292-6, 298
Negligible validation rate for public domain stop-codon SNPs.
Sawyer SL, Berglind LC, Brookes AJ
Hum Mutat, 2003; 22(3): 252-4
Linkage patterns vary substantially among populations.
Sawyer SL, Mukherjee N, Pakstis AJ, Feuk L, Kidd JR, Brookes AJ, Kidd KK
Submitted
The variability of worldwide allele frequencies in functional polymorphism in the human genome.
Sawyer SL, Fredman D, Kidd KK, Wahlestedt C, Channock S, Brookes AJ
Manuscript
W2P, lol, of course O'Brien has always had a way with words when discussing scientific issues:
O'Brien SJ, Murphy WJ. Genomics. A dog's breakfast? Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1854-5.
But hey, O'Brien (and Michael Smith, not to mention Stephens) have been trying for a while to get their heads around this:
Stephens JC, Briscoe D, O'Brien SJ. Mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium in human populations: limits and guidelines. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Oct;55(4):809-24.
Huttley GA, Smith MW, Carrington M, O'Brien SJ. A scan for linkage disequilibrium across the human genome. Genetics. 1999 Aug;152(4):1711-22.
Lautenberger, J.A., Stephens, J.C., O’Brien, S.J. and Smith, M.W.: Significant admixture linkage disequilibrium across 30 cM around the FY locus in African Americans. Am. K. Hum. Genet. 66:969-978, 2000.
Smith MW, Lautenberger JA, Shin HD, Chretien JP, Shrestha S, Gilbert DA, O'Brien SJ. Markers for mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium in African American and Hispanic populations. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Nov;69(5):1080-94.
Keep at it boys...
Frog, there has been no "elimination" per se. I understand that one individual who was "jailed" tried to sneak back in under another alias but using the same IP (what a dork) and was not surprisingly barred. Other than that I am not aware of any "restrictions" as such. Guess some people just don't want to play observing the IHUB TOS. Well, there's always RB...
It's like a who's who isn't it. Yes, I think it is safe to say, as evidenced by this current scientific paper by what one could certainly call peers, that the scientific community are beginning to see things our way!
IHUB message removal
A lot is said about IHUB message removal over on RB, and the attendant assumed moderator bias. I thought you might be interested to learn the following:
Of the last 700 posts on this board only 12 were removed.
5 of these were for spam, 3 of these were for vulgarity, and 4 were for miscellaneous reasons.
I have personally only removed one post by a regular poster. The offender? Frog perhaps? Or maybe Straw? No, Chrisbaskett!
Only 1.7% of messages are removed. If we exclude spam from this the figure drops to 1% exactly.
Just goes to show, you can't believe everything you read...
Here is a link to the full text of the article mentioned in the previous post 13928:
http://dceg2.cancer.gov/pdfs/smith7410012004.pdf
Mark Shriver was the "opponent" to a paper presented at the Karolinska Institute in June:
http://www.ki.se/info/vp/vp23-04.html
Disputation: Funktionell genomforskning
Using SNPs to study complex genetic disease; A population and evolutionary genetics perspective
Sarah L. Sawyer
Opponent: Dr. Mark Shriver, Penn State, USA
Tid: 11 juni, 13.00
Plats: CMB lecture hall, KI campus Solna
http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-967-6/
Sawyer, Sara Lynn
Using SNPs to study complex genetic disease: A population and evolutionary genetics perspective
Fredagen den 11 juni 2004, kl. 13.00.
Föreläsningssale, CMB.
ISBN: 91-7349-967-6 Diss: 04:258
Abstract:
Associating genes to complex genetic diseases has proven more difficult than anticipated. Many genetic variants contribute small effects towards an individual's disease predisposition in polygenic diseases, and this biological complexity requires new methods of analysis. This thesis studies genetic variation from a population genetics and evolutionary perspective, to prioritise single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to understand the patterns of linkage disequilibrium globally, in order to facilitate disease association studies.
Genotyping technologies are an integral part of the disease gene-mapping field, and thus the first work investigates whether Dynamic Allele-Specific Hybridization (DASH) is able to score insertion-deletion (indel) polymorphism. Indel markers in coding regions can produce frameshift changes, potentially altering protein function. Design criteria for indel genotyping was established, after which indel markers in candidate genes for Alzheimer's disease (AD) were used in an association study to test for correlation of the variant to disease status. While no associations were found between AD and the markers, we confirmed that DASH can be recommended for indel genotyping.
The second project investigated stop-codon polymorphism in the genome. The difficulties of associating genetic markers to disease in linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping studies encouraged us to prioritise SNPs that had the greatest chance of being the susceptibility variant for disease. Stopcodons prematurely truncate proteins and are expected to have a phenotypic function. In our study of 50 stop-codon polymorphisms, a mere 2 were shown to be real after initial validation studies, suggesting that functional variation is under selective constraints and have high false prediction rates in databases. This is important to consider for study design.
The third investigation of this thesis looks at linkage disequilibrium and haplotype patterns in 16 populations. A large-scale international effort was begun to map human variation in four populations, in order to facilitate disease studies. Our study investigates the effects of different demographic histories of populations on common variants to determine if the 'HapMap' will be informative in all populations. We suggest that there are both similarities and differences between global populations, and extrapolating data from one population does not always capture a true picture of diversity in other populations.
The fourth project investigates the global allele frequencies, as estimated from 16 populations, of non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) and their predicted functionality. We began by validating 1300 nsSNPs in African American and European American samples, creating a resource of 500 SNPs for disease studies. 200 of these SNPs were genotyped in pooled populations and we confirmed previous studies showing that damaging variants are under negative selection in the genome. SNPs that were damaging, but showing large global variation in allele frequencies, were most often in genes associated with disease. This suggests that continued efforts looking for the effects of selection in the genome will be rewarding for diseasemapping studies.
Keywords: Single nucleotide polymorphisms, population genetics, natural selection, genetic variation, haplotypes, linkage disequilibrium, genotyping methods
List of papers
Scoring insertion-deletion polymorphisms by dynamic allele-specific hybridization.
Sawyer SL, Howell WM, Brookes AJ
Biotechniques, 2003; 35(2): 292-6, 298
Negligible validation rate for public domain stop-codon SNPs.
Sawyer SL, Berglind LC, Brookes AJ
Hum Mutat, 2003; 22(3): 252-4
Linkage patterns vary substantially among populations.
Sawyer SL, Mukherjee N, Pakstis AJ, Feuk L, Kidd JR, Brookes AJ, Kidd KK
Submitted
The variability of worldwide allele frequencies in functional polymorphism in the human genome.
Sawyer SL, Fredman D, Kidd KK, Wahlestedt C, Channock S, Brookes AJ
Manuscript
The last two look interesting. I couldn't help noticing this other presentation (which was cancelled):
Understanding the Genetic Basis of Complex Human Phenotypes with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
Jonathan Prince, Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, KI
Here is Jonathan Prince's webpage:
http://www.cgb.ki.se/cgb/groups/Prince/
Gene map in hand, but hard road ahead
http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/front/2660085
Using knowledge to combat disease years away
By ERIC BERGER
Copyright 2004 Houston Chronicle Science Writer
Geneticists trying to decipher the "Book of Life" have found it to be more like the impenetrable Ulysses than The Cat in the Hat.
Four years after finishing the much-hyped first draft of the human genome at a cost of nearly $3 billion, scientists have had difficulty translating the genetics of common ailments like diabetes and high blood pressure into medical treatments.
New medicine for the most common diseases probably remains at least a decade away.
"The promises were made too quickly," said Eric Boerwinkle, director of the Human Genetics Center at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
"Both the scientific community and funding agencies thought we would get practical results more quickly. But I remain optimistic in the long run."
The goal for Boerwinkle and other geneticists is to discover all the genes that play a role in a person's susceptibility to a particular disease. An understanding of these genes, scientists believe, will give them insight into the biological causes of illness.
It is these causes, then, that new drugs and medical interventions can target.
But first, the scientists must find and interpret the genes, and that is proving to be a tough slog.
Researchers have spent the better part of two decades looking for genes that contribute to Type 2 diabetes, a rapidly growing health problem in the United States and a precursor to heart disease.
Although geneticists believe dozens of genes are involved, they have confirmed just one, Calpain-10, in 23 years. The completion of the human genome, and better scanning technology, has helped scientists look for genes, but the work remains in its infancy.
Hunt continues for gene variations
"At the beginning there was a high expectation that this would be easier," said Craig Hanis, a genetics professor at UT-Houston.
Hanis and his colleagues sift through some 30,000 genes in the body that contain the biological blueprint for life. A gene may make blue eyes, brown hair or, like Calpain-10, be responsible for making proteins that are part of a previously unknown mechanism for causing diabetes.
Genes vary in size -- some have 3,000 links in the DNA chain, others have 2.4 million. The most basic way for scientists to connect one of them to a disease is studying a large population with a particular illness and another without the ailment.
The hope is to find genetic variations, sometimes as little as just one link in a gene, between the two groups. When they find the differences in a gene, it becomes a "candidate" gene for causing the illness.
Hanis said there are more than 1,000 candidate genes for Type 2 diabetes that scientists would like to study further. He is pursuing a $6 million grant to study 500 of the best candidates. Before he retires, the 52-year-old Hanis says, every single gene in the human genome will be scrutinized for a possible role in diabetes.
Some say strategy must tighten focus
The same hunt continues with numerous other common diseases as well, prompting some researchers at the Texas Medical Center to question whether the hundreds of millions of dollars being spent by the federal government to scour the human genome is worth the investment.
"I'm not convinced this is the answer," said Dr. Arthur Beaudet, chairman of the department of Molecular and Human Genetics at Baylor College of Medicine. "The idea that the human genome project needs to solve every medical problem in creation is not realistic."
Beaudet said that, for the time being at least, geneticists may be better off concentrating on the 6,000 diseases each caused by a single gene, such as cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia.
This is a problem that can be tackled, he said. Scientists also may look at diseases with strong genetic links, such as autism; a child with a sibling who has autism is about 100 more times likely to have the illness than the general population.
The problem with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and other common ailments is untangling the genetic factors from a person's lifestyle and environment. What causes an individual's diabetes -- overeating or bad genes?
Human habits make sift more challenging
Genetics certainly isn't the only factor in many diseases.
A hundred years ago, diabetes was much less of a problem, and in the last century human genes haven't changed much. What have changed, however, are eating habits and physical activity.
Still, genetics plays a part in nearly all illnesses. High blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease all run in families, a clear indictment of genes. But some genes play a major role, some a minor role, and perhaps some only affect Hispanics or men or Asian women. Parsing out the individual components is no easy task. It requires thousands of patients, millions of dollars worth of equipment, and an understanding of computers, statistics and biology.
Some researchers argue, despite the challenges, that this is a fundamental mess that must be sorted out.
"I would say the Human Genome Project was hyped, but appropriately so," said Richard Gibbs, director of Baylor College of Medicine's Human Genome Sequencing Center, which participated in the project.
"This is all we have -- everything that programs us -- so we had better deconstruct this machinery if we want to ultimately understand how we are put together."
New field could have more immediate impact
If new medicines for most of the common diseases remain a decade away, a more immediate impact may come from a new field called pharmacogenomics, or personalized medicine.
The premise behind pharmacogenomics is that a lot of medicine is trial and error. One patient with high blood pressure may respond to one type of medication, a diuretic, but receive no benefit from another, an ACE inhibitor. Finding the right drug for the right person can cost patients and the insurance industry billions of dollars a year.
If a patient's genome can be mapped, a treatment regimen can be tailored to be compatible.
"Within the next five years there will be examples where pharmacogenomics is not really a research tool, but it enters the standard of care," said Dr. Francis Collins, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute in Bethesda, Md.
"Your doctor is going to want to know your genotype before writing a prescription."
More than 100,000 people die each year from bad reactions to medicine. With pharamacogenomics, physicians can avoid prescribing medications that could cause such reactions. It might also allow some drugs that are effective at treating disease, but lethal to a small segment of the population, back onto the market.
Genes' effect on how drugs work studied
One common ailment that doctors may soon be able to treat with pharamacogenomics is high blood pressure.
A $140 million study of more than 40,000 patients with high blood pressure based at UT-Houston concluded earlier this decade that diuretics, a cheaper, generic alternative, were just as effective, on average, as more expensive alternatives.
That led the scientists to suggest that all patients start on diuretics.
Boerwinkle and his colleagues have taken the study one step further. Within proper protocols, they collected the genotype of each study participant -- the 3 billion unique DNA letters of their genome -- to see whether the effectiveness of a particular drug in a person is because of differences in about 50 different genes.
He says the results are promising but declined to discuss them before publication in a scientific journal, expected this fall.
What Boerwinkle is less confident about is using genetics to alter patient lifestyles and eating habits.
Will gene insight make us try healthier living?
Scientists are identifying genes that increase the risk a person will develop a disease. With enough genetic information, a doctor may eventually be able to look at a patient's genetic profile and say, perhaps, that a patient has a 75 percent chance of developing heart disease by a certain age if certain behaviors, such as a high-fat diet and smoking, continue.
Yet, if AIDS doesn't lead sexually active people to use condoms, or strong evidence against smoking doesn't drive people to quit, precise genetic information seems unlikely to prod people to live healthier lives, Boerwinkle said.
"Unfortunately I'm not hopeful that genetic testing is going to prevent these kinds of problems," he said.
Better genetic insight could lead to better vigilance on the part of some patients and doctors, however. A patient with a certain gene mutation for colon cancer might receive a colonoscopy every year, instead of every few years.
Pharmacogenomics and improved prediction of disease for patients are, of course, predicated upon being able to genotype a person's DNA for a reasonable price insurance companies might pay, maybe $1,000 or less, Collins said.
That too, geneticists say, will take time.
"We have to be a little bit careful about the euphoria that surrounds genetic research," said Dr. Stephen Turner, a high blood pressure specialist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., who collaborates with Boerwinkle.
"I would liken this to the debate over whether we should have gone to the moon. Some argued that we had enough things to spend money on here at home. But like then, there's a spirit of discovery that is driving us with genetics. You need to realize this is a long-term effort. It's very slow, and it's incremental."
End of article
Eric Boerwinkle was mentioned above. Here are some of Eric's previous publications:
Pfaff CL, Parra EJ, Bonilla C, Hiester K, McKeigue PM, Kamboh MI, Hutchinson RG, Ferrell RE, Boerwinkle E, Shriver MD. Population structure in admixed populations: effect of admixture dynamics on the pattern of linkage disequilibrium. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Jan;68(1):198-207. Epub 2000 Dec 07.
Shriver MD, Jin L, Boerwinkle E, Deka R, Ferrell RE, Chakraborty R. A novel measure of genetic distance for highly polymorphic tandem repeat loci. Mol Biol Evol. 1995 Sep;12(5):914-20.
Ellsworth DL, Shriver MD, Boerwinkle E. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the apolipoprotein B 3' VNTR. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 May;4(5):937-44.
Shriver MD, Jin L, Chakraborty R, Boerwinkle E. VNTR allele frequency distributions under the stepwise mutation model: a computer simulation approach. Genetics. 1993 Jul;134(3):983-93.
Shriver MD, Siest G, Boerwinkle E. Length and sequence variation in the apolipoprotein B intron 20 Alu repeat. Genomics. 1992 Oct;14(2):449-54.
Shriver MD, Boerwinkle E, Hewett-Emmett D, Hanis CL. Frequency and effects of apolipoprotein E polymorphism in Mexican-American NIDDM subjects. Diabetes. 1991 Mar;40(3):334-7.
W2P, and as we know PharmEco were one of the investors in the initial funding round.
For those that don't know about the connection:
http://www.contractpharma.com/sep003.htm
Pharm-Eco Laboratories, Inc.
25 Patton Road
Devens, MA 01432
Phone: (978) 772-1644
Web site: www.pharmeco.com
Revenues: Approximately $22 million in 1999.
Key Personnel: David Wade, president and chief executive officer; Monica Tamborini, chief financial officer; Richard Gabriel, executive vice president, new ventures; Salah Zahr, Ph.D., executive vice president, scientific affairs; Lee Piver, vice president, marketing and business development; Robert Bondaryk, Ph.D., vice president, corporate development; Dick Einig, Ph.D., director of the quality unit; Tom Saulnier, senior director of engineering; Emile Bellott, Ph.D., director of medi-cinal chemistry; Adel Moussa, Ph.D., assistant director of medi-cinal chemistry; Yesh Sachdeva, Ph.D., director of government contracts and new products; Emile Al-Farhan, Ph.D., senior director of chemical development; Heather Taft, Ph.D., director of chemical development, laboratory operations
Capabilities/Capacities: PharmaSuite is Pharm-Eco’s suite of capabilities, expertise, services, technologies, scientists and chemists and customer-focused alliances. PharmaSuite provides outsourcing for discovery, process R&D and related support services. The company offers a wide array of value-added pharmaceutical services, including API Development, cGMP-compliant manufacturing, analytical services, discovery/medicinal/ combinatorial chemistry services, stability management under ICH guidelines and regulatory services.
Comments: Pharm-Eco re-cently moved into a new 20-acre world-class campus. The new location provides 160,000+ square feet, with capacity for 450+ professionals in three buildings. Pharm-Eco will expand from its 22 state-of-the-art, cGMP-compliant laboratories for API synthesis, re-search and development, to more than 50 labs during the next year. In the long-term, Pharm-Eco plans to expand the Devens campus to 60 acres during the next five years to provide one-stop shopping for API and drug product development and manufacturing. The company also plans to build eight reactor suites within a new cGMP-compliant Pilot Plant, housing up to 500 gallon glass-lined reactors.
In August, 1998, Pharm-Eco formed Universal Pharma Technologies (UPT), a joint venture with UOP. UPT offers a technology portfolio centered on its Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) technology, which provides pharma clients with an advanced tool for accelerating drug development with synthesis/separation process solutions.
Miss Scarlet, the devil is in the detail lol
Investors Heidelberg Innovation, 3i, LeVenture, TMK, Prof. Dr. Detlef Riesner, Pricap, TRE, Richard Gabriel, Monica Tamborini , tbg
Could be completely unrelated to the company and just a private investment vy Richard and Monica. Then again it could imply a potential relationship. Some would say it is evidence of profligate abuse of money obtained from shareholders under false pretenses. Anybody's guess...
Anybody see anything interesting on this page?
http://www.biofrontera.com/investor_relations/ir.html