If ACLH does obtain a contract with the lifeguard, EPA & BPs Approval, Man theres alot of coastline to work on. Valdez Cleanup took place May 1989 ceased by the end of September, in 1990 began in April and ended in September, then from May of 1991 through July of 1991. that was 10.8 million US gallons that was dumped/spilled whatever you call it (by me I call it negligent Operation of vessel and dumped)
Wow this is an epic of a spill as told. Heres some dispersant info back then:
Corexit 7664 was applied on Ingot Island, followed by a warm water wash. BP1100X was applied to a test area on Knight Island. Toxicology studies indicated that the upper and lower intertidal biota were different from pre-application communities the day after dispersant application, and returned to pre-treatment levels after seven days.
In May of 1989, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Exxon conducted bioremediation trials at two test sites on Knight Island in Prince William Sound. On the basis of these tests and other trials later in the summer, Exxon recommended the use of the bioremediation enhancement agents, Inipol (Inipol EAP22—manufactured by Elf Aquitaine of France ELF AQUITAINE (AQ.PA)) and Customblen (Customblen 28-8-0 —manufactured by Sierra Chemicals of California), and subsequently treated over 70 miles of shoreline in Prince William Sound with these agents.
Scientists estimate mass mortalities of 1000 to 2800 sea otters, 302 harbor seals, and unprecedented numbers of seabird deaths estimated at 250,000 in the days immediately after the oil spill. Mass mortality also occurred among macroalgae and benthic invertebrates on oiled shores from a combination of chemical toxicity, smothering, and physical displacement from the habitat by pressurized wash-water applied after the spill.
State of recovery
The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council published a study in 2004 to assess the state of the resources injured by the spill. Fifteen years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill, it is clear that some fish and wildlife species injured by the spill have not fully recovered. It is less clear, however, what role oil plays in the inability of some populations to bounce back. An ecosystem is dynamic — ever changing — and continues its natural cycles and fluctuations at the same time that it struggles with the impacts of spilled oil. As time passes, separating natural change from oil-spill impacts becomes more and more difficult.
The Trustee Council recognizes 30 resources or species as injured by the spill. Depending on their status as of 2002, these have been placed in one of five categories:
Not Recovering
These resources are showing little or no clear improvement since spill injuries occurred: Common loon Cormorants (3 species), Harbor seal, Harlequin duck, Pacific herring, Pigeon guillemot
Recovery unknown
Limited data on life history or extent of injury is available. Current research is either inconclusive or not complete: Cutthroat trout, Dolly Varden, Kittlitz’s murrelet, Rockfish Subtidal communities
Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). (Source: NOAA)Recovered
Recovery objectives have been met: Archaeological resources, Bald eagle, Black oystercatcher, Common murre, Pink salmon, River otter, Sockeye salmon
Recovering
Clams, Wilderness Areas, Intertidal communities, Killer whale (AB pod), Marbled murrelet, Mussels, Sea otter, Sediments
Human uses
Human services that depend on natural resources were also injured by the spill. These services are each categorized as “recovering” until the resources they depend on are fully recovered: Commercial fishing, Passive use, Recreation and tourism, Subsistence
http://mmbr.asm.org/cgi/reprint/60/2/342.pdf
GOD Bless The USA
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