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What is a stock split and a reverse stock split?
A stock split is an increase in the number of outstanding shares of a stock. The price of the stock is immediately adjusted so that the total equity remains the same. For instance, if a $100/share stock splits 2 for 1, there will be twice as many shares but they only be worth $50 each now. This is usually done to make the stock more affordable to the public.
A reverse stock split is a decrease in the number of shares. This is usually done to raise the price per share to meet stock exchange requirements or simply to look more "healthy."
Top-Down Technical Analysis
For each segment (market, sector and stock), an investor would analyze long-term and short-term charts to find those that meet specific criteria. Analysis will first consider the market in general, perhaps the S
Daily Candlestick Chart for DFRH
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=DFRH
$NVIV BarChart Trader's Cheat Sheet
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Binary Options: In finance, binary option (also called fixed return option, all or nothing or digital option)is a type of option where the payoff is either some fixed amount of some asset or nothing at all.[1] Binary options have been available since the middle of 2008. Binary options are trading options that pay out a pre-set and fixed amount if the underlying asset on which the option is based reaches the trader’s selected ‘direction’ (up or down compared with advertised value at the time of purchasing that option) at expiry time.[2]
The Binary Option is a prediction on which way the price of a stock, commodity, index or foreign currency will move by a designated expiration time. Traders can never purchase or own the asset, they can only predict the direction that the asset will go. There are only two possible outcomes and the price of the asset does not matter, all that matters is if the prediction was correct or incorrect.
Daily Candlestick Chart for ELRA
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=ELRA
$SOPW BarChart Trader's Cheat Sheet
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DeMarker Indicator: The Demarker Indicator is a technical analysis tool developed by Tom Demarker for identifying high-risk buying or selling areas in a given market.
Two variants of the Demarker Indicator exist, one bounded by values from -100 to 100, the other bounded by values from 0 to 1. The basic principle behind the Indicator is the same in either case. If the high price for a period is higher than the previous period's high, the DeMax variable for that period is the difference between the highs; the DeMin variable for the period works similarly for the low prices. The Demarker Indicator is then the moving average of DeMax divided by the sum of the moving averages of DeMax and DeMin. Thus, the higher the value of DeMax relative to DeMin, the greater the value of the Demarker Indicator.
On the 0 to 1 Demarker Indicator scale, a value anywhere above .7 indicates that a downward price turn is imminent, while a value anywhere below .3 indicates that the price will shortly turn upward. Values between .3 and .7 indicate relatively low-risk periods for entering a given asset market. Thus savvy traders can use the Demarker Indicator either to determine when to enter a market, or when to buy or sell an asset in order to capitalize on probable imminent price trends.
Daily Candlestick Chart for ERBB
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=ERBB
$SGGH BarChart Trader's Cheat Sheet
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Bond Auction: A government bond auction is the process of selling short and long-term government bonds to investors in an attempt to minimize the cost of financing national debt.
The process starts with the central bank announcing how much money it intends to borrow. Details like the term length of the bonds and the date of the auction are included in the announcement.
Interested market players like broker-dealers, institutions, and individual investors then submit the amount of bonds that they’re willing to buy and bid at the yield that they want to be paid. Take note that the specific processes of bond auctions are different across countries.
The success of a government bond auction can be measured by the bid-to-cover ratio, a metric that measures how much the total bids exceed the initial amount that the central bank was aiming for.
For example, an auction collects bids worth $100 billion, but the central bank had only aimed for $45 billion. The bid-to-cover ratio is 2.22 ($100/$45). An auction with a bid-to-cover ratio of 2.00 or higher is usually considered as successful.
Traders also look at the change in bond yields after each auction. A higher yield means that investors are demanding a higher price for holding the government bond. Alternatively, a lower bond yield usually signals higher investor confidence and lower borrowing costs for the government (which would make it easier to pay debts).
Trader's Remorse ~ Weaknesses of Technical Analysis
Not all technical signals and patterns work. When you begin to study technical analysis, you will come across an array of patterns and indicators with rules to match. For instance: A sell signal is given when the neckline of a head and shoulders pattern is broken. Even though this is a rule, it is not steadfast and can be subject to other factors such as volume and momentum. In that same vein, what works for one particular stock may not work for another. A 50-day moving average may work great to identify support and resistance for IBM, but a 70-day moving average may work better for Yahoo. Even though many principles of technical analysis are universal, each security will have its own idiosyncrasies.
Daily Candlestick Chart for SGCP
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=SGCP
The top of the market cycle is marked by relative strength in materials and energy. These sectors benefit from a rise in commodity prices and a rise in demand from an expanding economy. The tipping point for the market comes when leadership shifts from energy to consumer staples. This is a sign that commodity prices are starting to hurt the economy.
Random Walk Theory
With "random walk", Malkiel asserts that price movements in securities are unpredictable. Because of this random walk, investors cannot consistently outperform the market as a whole. Applying fundamental analysis or technical analysis to time the market is a waste of time that will simply lead to underperformance. Investors would be better off buying and holding an index fund.
Malkiel offers two popular investment theories that correspond to fundamental analysis and technical analysis. On the fundamental side, the "Firm-Foundation Theory" argues that stocks have an intrinsic value that can be ascertained by discounting future cash flows (earnings). Investors can also use valuation techniques to ascertain the true value of a security or market. Investors decide when to buy or sell based on these valuations.
On the technical side, the "Castle-in-the-Air Theory" assumes that successful investing depends on behavioral finance. Investors must determine the mood of the market - bull or bear. Valuations are not important because a security is only worth what someone is willing to pay for it.
Random walk theory jibes with the semi-strong efficient hypothesis in its assertion that it is impossible to outperform the market on a consistent basis. This theory argues that stock prices are efficient because they reflect all known information (earnings, expectations, dividends). Prices quickly adjust to new information and it is virtually impossible to act on this information. Furthermore, price moves only with the advent of new information and this information is random and unpredictable.
In short, Malkiel attributes any outperformance success to lady luck. If enough people try, some are bound to outperform the market, but most are still likely to underperform.
Daily Candlestick Chart for CAHI
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=CAHI
$IXMD BarChart Trader's Cheat Sheet
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Asset Purchases: In recent events, asset purchases usually pertains to the purchasing of government bonds to lower interest rates, inject capital into the economy or both. It is an unconventional monetary policy used by central banks to stimulate the economy, otherwise know as "quantitative easing."
EquiVolume boxes put price action and volume together for easy visual analysis. EquiVolume boxes plot the high-low range for length and volume for width. Thin boxes show relatively low volume, while wide boxes show relatively high volume. Square or wide boxes reflect high volume with relatively little price movement. Even with this added volume dimension, chartists can easily spot traditional patterns, support/resistance breaks and reversals.
Daily Candlestick Chart for STVF
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=STVF
$CHBO BarChart Trader's Cheat Sheet
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Methods to Establish Support and Resistance?
Support and resistance are like mirror images and have many common characteristics.
Highs and Lows
Support can be established with the previous reaction lows. Resistance can be established by using the previous reaction highs.
The above chart for Halliburton (HAL) shows a large trading range between Dec-99 and Mar-00. Support was established with the October low around 33. In December, the stock returned to support in the mid-thirties and formed a low around 34. Finally, in February the stock again returned to the support scene and formed a low around 33 1/2.
After each bounce off support, the stock traded all the way up to resistance. Resistance was first established by the September support break at 42.5. After a support level is broken, it can turn into a resistance level. From the October lows, the stock advanced to the new support-turned-resistance level around 42.5. When the stock failed to advance past 42.5, the resistance level was confirmed. The stock subsequently traded up to 42.5 two more times after that and failed to surpass resistance both times.
Daily Candlestick Chart for CBIS
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=CBIS
$AMBS BarChart Trader's Cheat Sheet
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Dovish: Refers to the tone of language when describing a non-aggressive stance or viewpoint regarding a specific economic event or action. It’s often used when describing the economy or interest rates of a country.
Central bankers are described as "dovish" because they generally favor economic growth and employment over tightening interest rates.
Opposite of Hawkish (hawk).
Angles on Trend Lines
As the steepness of a trend line increases, the validity of the support or resistance level decreases. A steep trend line results from a sharp advance (or decline) over a brief period of time. The angle of a trend line created from such sharp moves is unlikely to offer a meaningful support or resistance level. Even if the trend line is formed with three seemingly valid points, attempting to play a trend line break or to use the support and resistance level established it will often prove difficult.
The trend line for Yahoo! (YHOO) was touched four times over a 5-month period. The spacing between the points appears OK, but the steepness of the trend line is unsustainable, and the price is more likely than not to drop below the trend line. However, trying to time this drop or make a play after the trend line is broken is a difficult task. The amount of data displayed and the size of the chart can also affect the angle of a trend line. Short and wide charts are less likely to have steep trend lines than long and narrow charts. Keep that in mind when assessing the validity and sustainability of a trend line.
Daily Candlestick Chart for RDUFF
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=RDUFF
$AWKS BarChart Trader's Cheat Sheet
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Daily Candlestick Chart for SOMD
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=SOMD
Pictorial Price History
Even if you are a tried and true fundamental analyst, a price chart can offer plenty of valuable information. The price chart is an easy to read historical account of a security's price movement over a period of time. Charts are much easier to read than a table of numbers. On most stock charts, volume bars are displayed at the bottom. With this historical picture, it is easy to identify the following:
Reactions prior to and after important events.
Past and present volatility.
Historical volume or trading levels.
Relative strength of a stock versus the overall market.
Daily Candlestick Chart for MGLT
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=MGLT
Chart Patterns ~ Two Dominant Groups
Two basic tenets of technical analysis are that prices trend and that history repeats itself. An uptrend indicates that the forces of demand (bulls) are in control and a downtrend that the forces of supply (bears) are in control. However, prices do not trend forever and as the balance of power shifts, a chart pattern begins to emerge. Certain patterns, such as a parallel channel, denote a strong trend. However, the vast majority of chart patterns fall into two main groups: reversal and continuation. Reversal patterns indicate a change of trend and can be broken down into top and bottom formations. Continuation patterns indicate a pause in trend and indicate that the previous direction will resume after a period of time.
Just because a pattern forms after a significant advance or decline does not mean it is a reversal pattern. Many patterns, such as a rectangle, can be classified as either reversal or continuation. Much depends on the previous price action, volume and other indicators as the pattern evolves. This is where the science of technical analysis becomes the art of technical analysis.
Daily Candlestick Chart for RNDR
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=RNDR
ADX: The average directional index, or ADX, was developed by J. Welles Wilder as a measure of a current market trend's strength. The ADX is derived from two directional indicators, known as DI and DI-, which are in turn derived from the directional movement index (DMI).
ADX is calculated by finding the difference of DI and DI-, as well as the sum of DI and DI-. The difference is divided by the sum, and the resulting number multiplied by 100. The product is known as the directional index, or DX. A moving average is then taken of DX, typically over a fourteen-day period (although any number of periods can be used.) This final moving average is the ADX.
The ADX takes the form of a number from 0 to 100. A value of 0 indicates that the market is equally likely to move in either a positive or negative direction, meaning that there is no overall market trend. A value of 100 indicates that the market is exclusively moving in either a positive or negative direction, indicating an extremely strong trend. Values of greater than 60 are uncommon in practice, and any value of greater than 40 is considered to be a strong trend. Any value less than 20 is considered to be a weak trend, and may signal an upcoming reversal. Because the ADX is derived from both positive and negative directional indicators, it only measures the magnitude of a trend rather than its direction.
Value Spotting as a Strength of Fundamental Analysis
Sound fundamental analysis will help identify companies that represent a good value. Some of the most legendary investors think long-term and value. Graham and Dodd, Warren Buffett and John Neff are seen as the champions of value investing. Fundamental analysis can help uncover companies with valuable assets, a strong balance sheet, stable earnings, and staying power.
$HLNT BarChart Trader's Cheat Sheet
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Daily Candlestick Chart for TAGG
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![]() ![]() ![]() UPDATE; 5-1-22 courtesy of charting /\ wit tweezer top calls /\ Tony @Montana_Trades Really good study sheet on Candlestick Patterns [-chart]pbs.twimg.com/media/FRn8188XMAAdZvk?format=jpg&name=small[/chart] ![]()
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