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Daily Candlestick Chart for HRRN
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=HRRN
Double Top: Any chart pattern similar to the one show below is known as a ‘Double Top’ and it is arguably one of the most widely recognized and compelling technical signals known amongst the forex trading community. It is considered a reliable test of a previous high or low.
The double top formation is identified as a distinctive chart pattern revealing a rally to new high followed by a moderate retreat which is then in turn followed by a second rally in which to test the new high.
The double top chart pattern classically reveals itself by occurring in the shape of the letter ‘M’. A third rally added to this would result in the occurrence of a triple top resulting in three peaks.
A double top is considered a bearish and is generally thought to be stronger when the equal points are further apart and the price objective usually occurs at an equal distance beyond the correction low.
Non-Random Walk Theory
A Non-Random Walk Down Wall Street is a collection of essays offering empirical evidence that valuable information can be extracted from security prices. Lo and MacKinlay used powerful computers and advanced econometric analysis to test the randomness of security prices. Although this book is a heavy read, the findings should be of interest to technical analysts and chartists. In short, this book documents the presence of predictable components in stock prices.
Just prior to this book, Andrew Lo wrote a paper for the Journal of Finance in 2000: Foundations of Technical Analysis: Computational Algorithms, Statistical Inference, and Empirical Implementation. Harry Mamaysky and Jiang Wang also contributed. The paper's opening remarks say it all:
"Technical analysis, also known as charting, has been part of financial practice for many decades, but this discipline has not received the same level of academic scrutiny and acceptance as more traditional approaches such as fundamental analysis. One of the main obstacles is the highly subjective nature of technical analysis. The presence of geometric shapes in historical price charts is often in the eyes of the beholder. In this paper, we propose a systematic and automatic approach to technical pattern recognition using nonparametric kernel regression, and apply this method to a large number of U.S. stocks from 1962 to 1996 to evaluate the effectiveness of technical analysis. By comparing the unconditional empirical distribution of daily stock returns to the conditional distribution conditioned on specific technical indicators, such as head-and-shoulders or double-bottoms, we find that over the 31-year sample period, several technical indicators do provide incremental information and may have some practical value." This paper can be found at www.nber.org
Daily Candlestick Chart for HEMP
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=HEMP
Elder Impulse System Introduction
The Elder Impulse System was designed by Alexander Elder and featured in his book, Come Into My Trading Room. According to Elder, "the system identifies inflection points where a trend speeds up or slows down". The Impulse System is based on two indicators, a 13-day exponential moving average and the MACD-Histogram. The moving average identifies the trend, while the MACD-Histogram measures momentum. As a result, the Impulse System combines trend following and momentum to identify tradable impulses. This unique indicator combination is color coded into the price bars for easy reference.
Calculation
Green Price Bar: (13-period EMA > previous 13-period EMA) and
(MACD-Histogram > previous period's MACD-Histogram)
Red Price Bar: (13-period EMA < previous 13-period EMA) and
(MACD-Histogram < previous period's MACD-Histogram)
Price bars are colored blue when conditions for a Red Price Bar or
Green Price Bar are not met. The MACD-Histogram is based on MACD(12,26,9).
Green price bars show that the bulls are in control of both trend and momentum as both the 13-day EMA and MACD-Histogram are rising. A red price bar indicates that the bears have taken control because the 13-day EMA and MACD-Histogram are falling. A blue price bar indicates a split or equilibrium between buying and selling pressure.
Daily Candlestick Chart for MONA
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=MONA
A Note on Technical Analysis
Technical analysts consider the market to be 80% psychological and 20% logical. Fundamental analysts consider the market to be 20% psychological and 80% logical. Psychological or logical may be open for debate, but there is no questioning the current price of a security. After all, it is available for all to see and nobody doubts its legitimacy. The price set by the market reflects the sum knowledge of all participants, and we are not dealing with lightweights here. These participants have considered (discounted) everything under the sun and settled on a price to buy or sell. These are the forces of supply and demand at work. By examining price action to determine which force is prevailing, technical analysis focuses directly on the bottom line: What is the price? Where has it been? Where is it going?
Even though there are some universal principles and rules that can be applied, it must be remembered that technical analysis is more an art form than a science. As an art form, it is subject to interpretation. However, it is also flexible in its approach and each investor should use only that which suits his or her style. Developing a style takes time, effort and dedication, but the rewards can be significant.
Daily Candlestick Chart for MRFD
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=MRFD
Daily Candlestick Chart for GWIV
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=GWIV
Daily Candlestick Chart for ERBB
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=ERBB
EquiVolume Chart Support/Resistance Breaks
Volume is important for validating a move in particular support or resistance breaks. A break on low volume is not as convincing as a break on high volume. Low volume shows tepid interest and weak buying or selling pressure. In contrast, high volume reflects elevated interest and strong buying or selling pressure. Chart 4 shows Caterpillar (CAT) with two small breakouts followed by one big breakout. The stock formed a falling wedge into early July and broke the trend line with the widest EquiVolume box in over a month. A break above the late June high was followed by a gap and another wide candlestick. Buying pressure was slowing picking up steam. The final, and biggest breakout, occurred with another gap and move above 38. This EquiVolume box is no doubt the widest in the last two months, which means buying pressure was the strongest in two months. Volume clearly confirmed these breakouts.
The next chart shows Intuit (INTU) breaking support with a wide EquiVolume box. This move showed strong selling pressure that broke the September lows.
Daily Candlestick Chart for EXPU
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=EXPU
Chart Patterns ~ An Oldie but Goodie
Much of our understanding of chart patterns can be attributed to the work of Richard Schabacker. His 1932 classic, Technical Analysis and Stock Market Profits, laid the foundations for modern pattern analysis. In Technical Analysis of Stock Trends (1948), Edwards and Magee credit Schabacker for most of the concepts put forth in the first part of their book. We would also like to acknowledge Messrs. Schabacker, Edwards and Magee, and John Murphy as the driving forces behind these articles and our understanding of chart patterns.
Pattern analysis may seem straightforward, but it is by no means an easy task. Schabacker states:
The science of chart reading, however, is not as easy as the mere memorizing of certain patterns and pictures and recalling what they generally forecast. Any general stock chart is a combination of countless different patterns and its accurate analysis depends upon constant study, long experience and knowledge of all the fine points, both technical and fundamental, and, above all, the ability to weigh opposing indications against each other, to appraise the entire picture in the light of its most minute and composite details as well as in the recognition of any certain and memorized formula.
Even though Schabacker refers to "the science of chart reading", technical analysis can at times be less science and more art. In addition, pattern recognition can be open to interpretation, which can be subject to personal biases. To defend against biases and confirm pattern interpretations, other aspects of technical analysis should be employed to verify or refute the conclusions drawn. While many patterns may seem similar in nature, no two patterns are exactly alike. False breakouts, bogus reads and exceptions to the rule are all part of the ongoing education.
Careful and constant study are required for successful chart analysis. On the AMZN chart above, the stock broke resistance from a head and shoulders reversal. While the trend is now bearish, analysis must continue to confirm the bearish trend.
Some analysts might have labeled the NVLS chart as a head and shoulders pattern with neckline support around 17.50. Whether or not this is robust remains open to debate. Even though the stock broke neckline support at 17.50, it repeatedly moved back above its support break. This refusal might have been taken as a sign of strength and justified a reassessment of the pattern.
Commodity Channel Index: The Commodity Channel Index is a tool developed by Donald Lambert to measure the point at which cyclical price reversals for a given asset can be expected. One of the fundamental assumptions behind the CCI is that price trends reverse at regular intervals within an asset, allowing investors to take the appropriate action when the CCI indicates that one of those cyclical reversals is imminent.
The CCI is calculated first by averaging the high, low and closing prices into a measure called the True Price, or TP. A 20-period moving average of the TP becomes the Simple Moving Average of the True Price, or SMATP. A standard deviation of the difference between SMATP and TP over twenty periods is also taken. The difference between TP and SMATP is then divided by the product of this standard deviation and a constant value of .015 to produce the CCI.
The constant value of .015 ensures that the majority of CCI values fall between 100 and -100. In the case that the absolute value of CCI exceeds 100, Lambert's theory indicates that the market is approaching one of its cyclical reversals, and that traders should take the appropriate action. The CCI also indicates overbought and oversold levels, which are any levels whose absolute value exceeds 100. If the CCI moves outside of the -100 to 100 range and then returns, either a buy or sell signal is generated, depending on whether the CCI was below -100 (oversold) or above 100 (overbought.)
Staples/Discretionary Ratio
Chartists can also compare the performance of the consumer discretionary sector to the consumer staples sector for clues on the economy. Stocks in the consumer discretionary sector represent products that are optional. These industry groups include apparel retailers and produces, shoe retailers and produces, restaurants and autos. Stocks in the consumer staples sector represent products that are necessary, such as soap, toothpaste, groceries, beverages and medicine. The consumer discretionary sector tends to outperform when the economy is buoyant and growing. This sector underperforms when the economy is struggling or contracting.
Chartists can compare the performance of these two with a simple ratio chart of the Consumer Discretionary SPDR (XLY) divided by the Consumer Staples SPDR (XLP). The chart above shows this ratio with the S
Daily Candlestick Chart for CTDT
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=CTDT
Daily Candlestick Chart for WIFT
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=WIFT
Relative Strength: The price relative is a line formed by dividing the security by a benchmark. For stocks it is usually the price of the stock divided by the S
Daily Candlestick Chart for TRKG
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=TRKG
ADX: The average directional index, or ADX, was developed by J. Welles Wilder as a measure of a current market trend's strength. The ADX is derived from two directional indicators, known as DI and DI-, which are in turn derived from the directional movement index (DMI).
ADX is calculated by finding the difference of DI and DI-, as well as the sum of DI and DI-. The difference is divided by the sum, and the resulting number multiplied by 100. The product is known as the directional index, or DX. A moving average is then taken of DX, typically over a fourteen-day period (although any number of periods can be used.) This final moving average is the ADX.
The ADX takes the form of a number from 0 to 100. A value of 0 indicates that the market is equally likely to move in either a positive or negative direction, meaning that there is no overall market trend. A value of 100 indicates that the market is exclusively moving in either a positive or negative direction, indicating an extremely strong trend. Values of greater than 60 are uncommon in practice, and any value of greater than 40 is considered to be a strong trend. Any value less than 20 is considered to be a weak trend, and may signal an upcoming reversal. Because the ADX is derived from both positive and negative directional indicators, it only measures the magnitude of a trend rather than its direction.
Daily Candlestick Chart for MJNA
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=MJNA
EquiVolume Chart Calculation
An EquiVolume box consists of three components: price high, price low and volume. The price high forms the upper boundary, the price low forms the lower boundary and volume dictates the width. EquiVolume boxes are black when the close is above the prior close and red when the close is below the prior close.
Volume is normalized to show width relative to the look-back period. For a four month daily chart, each day's volume would be divided by total volume for the look-back period (four months). As such, the width of each box represents the day's percentage of total volume for the look-back period. Big volume days take up more space on the X axis (date). Chart 2 shows normal high-low-close bars with volume for Kraft Foods (KFT). It is a pretty normal looking chart with a normal X axis. Chart 3 shows this same four month period using EquiVolume boxes. The wide boxes show relatively high volume days, while the thin boxes show relatively low volume days. Also notice that many wide boxes can expand the entire month on the X axis. January is much wider on the EquiVolume chart than with normal high-low-close bar chart.
Beige Book: A summary of economic conditions around the United States compiled for the Federal Reserve Board. Each Federal Reserve Bank gathers anecdotal information on current economic condition in its District through reports from Bank and Branch directors and interviews with key businessmen, economists, market experts, and other sources. The Beige Book summarizes this information by District and sector. This report allows outsiders to know what the Fed governors are looking at as they prepare for their upcoming FOMC meeting.
Daily Candlestick Chart for HALB
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=HALB
Descending Triangle: A descending triangle is a simple chart pattern used in technical analysis. The descending triangle is formed from two trendlines, one for high prices and one for lows. The upper trendline of the triangle is a descending trendline, while the lower trendline is a horizontal trendline. The resulting shape is a right triangle whose hypotenuse moves downward over time.
In order to confirm a descending triangle on an asset's chart, traders must note two reaction lows of similar magnitude and two reaction highs, each declining in price over time. There should be a reasonable amount of distance between each low or high. Descending triangles usually form and develop over a one to three month period.
The descending triangle is always a bearish pattern, indicating a strong sell signal. Prices on the upper trendline continue to decline, narrowing the triangle formation, until the level of support represented by the lower trendline is broken. When a level of support is broken, it becomes a level of resistance, confirming the overall downward trend of the asset's price over time.
Daily Candlestick Chart for WTAR
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=WTAR
Daily Candlestick Chart for PUNK
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=PUNK
Dark Cloud Cover: A bearish reversal pattern that continues the uptrend with a long white body. The next candle opens at a new high then closes below the midpoint of the body of the first candle. The pattern is more signficant if the second candle's body is below the center of the previous body. The pattern is casting a “dark cloud” over the bullish trend that preceded it. Confirmation of the pattern is achieved when another black candle, of smaller size, forms after the second candle
Daily Candlestick Chart for SMXMF
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=SMXMF
Too Late ~ Weaknesses of Technical Analysis
Technical analysis has been criticized for being too late. By the time the trend is identified, a substantial portion of the move has already taken place. After such a large move, the reward to risk ratio is not great. Lateness is a particular criticism of Dow Theory.
Double Bottom: A Double Bottom is a form of chart pattern used in technical analysis. This pattern is characterized by a distinct drop in price, followed by a slight reversal (or recovery) with a second drop occurring soon after to either the same or similar level as the first, before another, significant recovery so that the chart appears to take on the form of the letter 'W'.
The Double Bottom, along with its counterpart, the Double Top, is easily one of the most recognizable chart patterns. While both are reliable reversal patterns, highly indicative of chances in the market, the bullish Double Bottom reflects very strong levels of support and often indicates a strong change of trend.
The double low points are considered to be support levels, with the resistance level measured at the widest point of the 'W' formation. When the rise following the second low breaks the resistance point generally the rise will continue sharply, with these reversal trends garnering more reward following extended downtrends.
It is normally considered that the best entry point on a double bottom formation is around the secondary resistance level, which when broken tends to indicate a the confirmation of the price reversal.
Daily Candlestick Chart for PEMC
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=PEMC
EquiVolume boxes put price action and volume together for easy visual analysis. EquiVolume boxes plot the high-low range for length and volume for width. Thin boxes show relatively low volume, while wide boxes show relatively high volume. Square or wide boxes reflect high volume with relatively little price movement. Even with this added volume dimension, chartists can easily spot traditional patterns, support/resistance breaks and reversals.
Daily Candlestick Chart for GDIMF
[img]stockcharts.com/c-sc/sc?s=GDIMF
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Investor Hub Alerts: Sign up for 'STOCKGOODIES PLAYS OF THE WEEK ' E-Mail List UPDATE; 5-1-22 courtesy of charting /\ wit tweezer top calls /\ Tony @Montana_Trades Really good study sheet on Candlestick Patterns [-chart]pbs.twimg.com/media/FRn8188XMAAdZvk?format=jpg&name=small[/chart]
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