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ICEQUITY thank you, Cured: A Hemp Cannabis Story (A film by David Triplett)
GBHPF-valuation-in-the-DOLLAR-range-after-October-2014's-1,500-acre-harvest!!
GBHPF...contracts to grow hemp on 1,500 acres, with delivery set for October.
HempNatura establishes a connection between consumers and farmers
12 tons of seed has been de-hulled producing over 10,000 lbs. of hemp nut to be processed into HempNatura’s proprietary consumer products
45,000 lbs. of seed cake now being milled into hemp PROTEIN POWDER and hemp flour.
Of the seed delivered, 28 tons has been processed into approximately 15,000 lbs. of hemp oil
...giving GHG a presence at every stage of the hemp foods supply chain.
The-products-will-be-processed,-distributed-and-retailed-by-HempNatura, of which GHG owns 20 percent
GBHPF is utilizing the services of hemp processors to create value-added materials and consumer market products.
GBHPF previously took delivery of 93,000 lbs. of hemp seed from NeverIdle Farms Ltd., a farming partner in Alberta, Canada
With today’s announcement, GHG has now fully enacted its “soil-to-shelf” strategy
GBHPF announced it has processed 42-tons-of-HEMP-seed into raw materials and products to be delivered to its subsidiary, HempNatura™.
GBHPF and the Alberta farmers have mutually agreed upon a restructuring of the contractual agreements for the 1,500 acres of hemp.
Profitable revenues and CASH flow for the Company in 2014.
GBHPF-crops-are-on-target-to-produce-an-estimated-1.5-million-pounds-of-hemp-seed-in-October-of-this-year
All other fields are in excellent shape with minimal weed control necessary. Irrigation and additional fertilizing will take place this week on designated fields, while the dry land fields will be left to Mother Nature.
GBHPF is pleased to report that the 1,500 acres seeded in June are healthy and at varying stages of growth.
Marijuana, Inc. (PINKSHEETS: HEMP) announces its new symbol HEMP has been approved, thus signaling the aggressive launch of its various cannabis-related industry divisions to be announced in upcoming press releases starting this week.
FINRA's communication stated: Please be advised that FINRA has received the necessary documentation to announce the symbol change for Marijuana, Inc. to HEMP. This corporate action will take effect at the open of business 10/10/11. The symbol on this date will be HEMP.
ABOUT MARIJUANA, INC.
Marijuana, Inc. (PINKSHEETS: HEMP) intends to focus on the huge peripheral businesses created by the quickly emerging, and growing, multibillion dollar medical marijuana and hemp industries.
Marijuana, Inc. will not be involved at the current time in growing, transporting or marketing medical marijuana itself -- however it will be creating an infrastructure to do parts of this upon the company's expected legalization federally in all 50 states (pending any federal licensing or other requirements that may be enacted after marijuana prohibition ends).
CEO Bruce Perlowin stated, "Preparing for this potential change in the marijuana and industrial hemp laws by having one or more channels of distribution and industrial hemp manufacturing facilities in place ahead of time, would give Marijuana, Inc. a distinct advantage in the marketplace while other peripheral industry business endeavors expand our brand awareness as well as targeting economically desirable and lucrative opportunities in this industry." www.marijuanainc.tv (still under construction).
President David Tobias also stated, "We are all now at the right place at the right time, with the right experience, to take advantage of an industry that has been around for thousands of years and rapidly emerging into mainstream countries as a new economic force in dozens of areas. Over the past few years it has become apparent that with the increasing pace of new products and services hitting the marketplace that this industry provides unique opportunities for a vast array of business ventures. Later this week, we will be announcing the launch into this market, our first of many products applicable to the medical marijuana and other related, or similar, industries that has never been applied here before."
STAY TUNED
Learn more about Marijuana, Inc. and its groundbreaking business plan, and marketing models to be announced in an upcoming series of press releases starting this week and continuing on an ongoing basis.
CEO Bruce Perlowin stated, "We have been working in some cases for well over a year funding and developing products and services that have applications and marketing potential for the medical marijuana as well as related and similar industries."
FORWARD-LOOKING DISCLAIMER
This press release may contain certain forward-looking statements and information, as defined within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and is subject to the Safe Harbor created by those sections. This material contains statements about expected future events and/or financial results that are forward-looking in nature and subject to risks and uncertainties. Such forward-looking statements by definition involve risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Marijuana, Inc. to be materially different from the statements made herein.
"In Search Of The Sacred Tobacco Plant" Apsáalooke Nation/ Crow Tribe
provencial..... I'm with you 100%
http://www.crowtribe.com/history.htm
We know where we came from, we know where we’ve been, and we know whom we are. We came through three transitions to become who we are. We were (Awaakiiwilaxpaake) People of the Earth, we were all one mankind, we became (Biiluke) on Our Side, we became (Awashe) Earthen Lodges, and we became Apsáalooke some 2000 years ago.
While we were (Awaakiiwilaxpaake) People of the Earth, when the birds and animals could talk, some of us wanted to fight each other. They wanted warfare. They approached our Creator and asked if they could fight each other. Our Creator said, “First you must prove to me that you are men enough to fight.” He placed a man, with a bow and arrow at the bottom of a sheer cliff in the water and told the men to dive off the cliff, but soon changed their minds once they saw the man with his bow and arrow cocked and ready to shoot anyone who dove off the cliff.
Finally one man walked up to the cliff and dove off into the water. He lay dead in the water with an arrow protruding from his collarbone and blood streaming from his nostrils. Our Creator said, “Iilak bacheek, there is a man (kooshtakaatbaawiik). I won’t make too many of him, (baapiihaaksee) from this day forward, (haaweewiakssaalah) try to wipe him out.” From that time we have been called Biiluke. Even unto this day we still refer ourselves as Biiluke.
While we were Biiluke. We lived in a wooded area with vast bodies of water (Balebilichke isaatkaasuuk). We were fishermen, we hunted small game and waterfowl, we dug up roots and bulbs, we gathered nuts and berries, and we trapped the fur-bearing animals for our clothing. We lived in makeshift shelters, lean-tos and wickiups. We migrated westward to the banks of the Big River, in search of a certain Sacred Tobacco Plant, which was to be found in a mountainous region. We became Awashe, Earthen Lodges.
We retained all of our survival skills, but we became farmers. Oral history says, “We didn’t stay there too long and we moved on, but for some reason we spoke the same language, which is still used today, after some two thousand years.” No Vitals with many of his family and friends of the Real Water Band, of the Awashe, broke from the band, in search of the Sacred Tobacco Plant. This was the exodus that commenced the Great Migration.
We migrated throughout the northern and southern plains, where we came upon lakes with salt on their banks. We ventured into Canada twice but the Sacred Tobacco Plant could not be found. No Vitals has passed away during the migration on the Great Plains. It was his son who carried on this quest and fasted on Cloud’s Peak and saw The Sacred Tobacco Plant glowing on the east slopes of the Big Horn Mountains, where “Raven Owner Was Badgered.” The Sacred Tobacco Society was initiated about this time, and that was the beginning of the Apsáalooke Nation. We picked up and adopted various aspects of our Apsáalooke way of life, as we progressed from one era to another.
http://www.precisionpetroleumcorp.com/montana.php
Precision Petroleum Corporation has entered into a joint venture agreement which grants the Company first right of refusal on Montana based Oil, Gas and Coal properties. Phase 1 of this project is a 1,600 acre plot with a focus on developing after an in depth engineering program. From data obtained by the engineering program results, this 1600 acre area is where management intends to drill the first 10 wells.
The Crow Allottees are Indians whose relatives were given land originally granted to the Allottees itself as a result of The Great Allotment Act of 1887 and The Crow Allotment Act of 1920. The Allottees, by definition, are those original Allotment beneficiaries and/or their descendants who want to obtain capital funding to develop their mineral assets within the boundaries of the Powder River Basin in Montana.
It is well documented that it has been difficult for many outside groups to deal with Crow Tribal councils regarding investments on Allottee's land due to conflicts within the Crow Council. Realizing this and understanding that their best chance for prosperity was to form a co-op group outside the rules and regulations of the Crow Tribal council, these Allottees formed an LLC under Indian law to forge partnerships with developers, drillers and oil, gas and coal companies to finally receive the financial benefits of the vast mineral resources that exist on their land.
http://www.precisionpetroleumcorp.com/montana.php
OTC:PPTO
$0.0255 - (0.00)
as of 10/4/2010 at 2:10pm EST
Current Volume 3000
Currently PPTO is not involved with the cultivation of Hemp, but laws were changed... it could be a different story.
The Hemp Industries Association is pleased to announce that the 17th Annual HIA Convention & Annual General Meeting will be held on Sunday and Monday, November 7-8, 2010 at the Holiday Inn - Civic Center in San Francisco, CA, directly after the SF Green Festival on November 5-7. To learn more, please click here.
http://www.thehia.org/
http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/415/whiteplume.shtml
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation resident Alex White Plume and his family were in federal appeals court Tuesday in a bid to force a lower court to consider whether hemp is in fact an illegal crop. In 2000 and 2001, White Plume and his family sowed hemp crops, only to have them destroyed by federal raiders. The following year, the federal government sought and won an injunction to bar White Plume from planting again.
The judges of the US 8th Circuit Court of Appeals in St. Louis heard White Plume attorney Bruce Ellison argue that both tribal ordinance and the Fort Laramie treaty of 1868 gave the family the legal right to grow the industrial crop. "Our contention is we're not growing a drug, and since we're not growing a drug, we don't need to apply to the government for permission," said Ellison.
The Congress distinguished between hemp and marijuana in 1937, Ellison argued. "As a non-drug crop, it's the same thing as squash or potatoes," he said. "We don't need to get permission from anyone because we're not growing a drug."
US Attorney Mark Salter unsurprisingly disagreed. "Until and unless someone changes the definition of marijuana, it's marijuana," he said. Nor does White Plume or the tribe have any treaty right to determine what they grow. "Nowhere in there does it say signatory tribes have the right to grow whatever they want on that land," Salter said.
While the appeals court judges wondered why the White Plumes had not applied for a permit to grow, Frankl explained that the DEA simply failed to ever issue commercial industrial hemp permits. "While there is a process technically, in this case, it's to no avail," he said.
The 8th Circuit Court of Appeals did not set a date for their ruling, which could come down in weeks or months.
ice. you don't have to sell me. I'm with you. I talk about it alot. we need to get people educated. hemp will be huge job creating industry. we shouldn't be importing an oz of hemp products.
I think we americans are tired of having our strings pulled. we as a nation are starting to wake up. to bad we didn't listen to the hippies.
Hemp is legal in many states.... Just DEA has not made it legal because it collects over 2 Billion dollars a year from the government to fight Marijuana, which they have also included Hemp. With each of the 5000 DEA officers on average collect over $300K in salary. Would you want to make Marijuana legal, if you were in there shoe's?
Hemp will find it hard to find supporters in states where marijuana is legal. Hemp can effect those plants they grow close by. It can dilute the THC by cross breeding with the "chronic" plants.
But other countries are now looking at HEMP, as Hemp only grown countries such as Thailand.
You will see many businesses that will be derived from Hemp..... and I believe much more than you will see from Marijuana.
Think of this 50% of all oil used is used to make plastics and Hemp is the strongest natural fiber on the planet. Anything made from fiberglass or plastic can be made from from Hemp..... Not to mention the other 25,000 uses of Hemp...... Such as paper! No trees would have to ever be cut done again.... Oh yes Biofuels as well.
Did you know hemp seed has the highest amount of protein on the planet?
Conspiracy? I would say so.....
Hemp is illegal because billionaires want to stay billionaires....
United Nations Says 2009 is the International Year of Natural Fibers
Campaign Seeks to Reduce Use of Synthetic Textiles and Increase Use of Sustainable Fibers
such as Industrial Hemp
WASHINGTON, Jan. 12 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- The Hemp Industries Association (HIA)
is a supporting organization of the International Year of Natural Fibers (IYNF) 2009, which is a
program of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. The public
awareness campaign officially gets underway in Rome on January 22, 2009. The IYNF launch is
the beginning of a year-long series of events across the globe that will seek to support farmers
and associated industries in raising awareness of the benefits of natural fibers over synthetic and
petroleum-based textiles, which are not viewed as sustainable.
According to the FAO, "Since the 1960s, the use of synthetic fibers has increased, and natural
fibers have lost a lot of their market share. The main objective of the International Year of
Natural Fibers is to raise the profile of these fibers, to emphasize their value to consumers while
helping to sustain the incomes of the farmers. Promoting measures to improve the efficiency and
sustainability of production is also an important aspect of the Year."
http://www.iwto.org/news/wool%20in%20media/2009/United%20Nations%20Says%202009%20is%20the%20International%20Year%20of%20Natural%20Fibers.pdf
Health Benefits of Organic Hemp Milk
Organic hemp milk is also a great alternative to toxic cow’s milk and those who cannot consume dairy because of dietary issues.
One 8-Ounce glass contains the following healthy nutrients:
900mg Omega-3 Fatty Acid
2800mg Omega-6 Fatty Acid
All 10 Essential Amino Acids
4 grams of Digestible Protein
46% of RDA of Calcium
0% Cholesterol
Potassium
Phosphorous
Riboflavin
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Vitamin B12
Folic Acid
Vitamin D
Magnesium
Iron
Zinc
And more…
Hemp Seed & Nutrition
"Cannabis' seeds - traditionally called 'hempseed', contain all the essential amino acids and essential fatty acids necessary to maintain healthy human life. No other single plant source provides complete protein nutrition in such an easily digestible form, nor has the oils essential to life in as perfect a ratio for human health and vitality. Hempseed is the richest source in the plant kingdom of essential fatty acids." - Lynn Osburn, researcher
Hemp the 'useful fibre' (Cannabis Sativa) was first brought to Britain by the Romans 2000 years ago. Modern science has identified Hemp seed oil as nature's richest source of Essential Fatty Acids; EFA's.
There are 45 nutrients that humans can't live without, and which their bodies cannot manufacture; 21 minerals, 13 vitamins, eight amino acids and two Essential fatty acids. No single food has them all, but Hemp seed has all eight amino acids and the oil pressed from the hemp seed is one of the best known sources of the two Essential Fatty Acids (EFA's) we can't live without; Omega 3 AIpha-Linolenic Acid and Omega 6 Liholeic Acid, and is more than 90 per cent unsaturated.
EFA's are as vital to human life as vitamins and minerals. Nutritionists refer to these polyunsaturates as 'Vitamin K ' and commonly recommend EFA's for lowering blood pressure, cholesterol and triglyeride levels. They also play an important role in reducing heart disease and stroke risk. They improve cell growth, organ function, vitality, mental state, and enhance thought processes with the transportation of oxygen, electrons and energy throughout our bodies.
Linseed or 'flax' oil has previously been seen as a good source, containing both omega-3 and omega-6 fats. However, nutritionists believe the best ratio is three times as much omega-6 as omega-3, and the only oil containing that is hemp.
Hemp seed oil is also a source of vitamins A and E which are powerful antioxidants (anti toxin/free radicals).
The protein in hemp seed is very similar to the protein in human blood plasma. It is therefore easy to digest. This is good news for those who have problems with cows milk and or soya beans. Hemp seed does not contain the anti-nutrient trypsin inhibitors found in soya milk. Hemp Milk recipe.
Acre for acre, hemp is a more economical source of protein than livestock. It can be grown without the use of pesticides and with little or no fertiliser. Unlike soybeans, hemp is resistant to UV-B light which is big news if you are a farmer.
It is legal to use hempseed for food and body care purposes in the UK. To grow hemp as a farmer in the UK requires a licence which is now fairly easy to achieve.
Other health uses of hemp seed:
• Linoleic acid, found in 50 per cent of hemp seed oil, has been clinically proven to have anti-inflammatory properties.
• When applied directly, the oil is beneficial for post laser-treatment or peeled, stressed, acne-prone and sun damaged skin.
Rice Protein vs Hemp Protein: Rice is the seed of the monocot plant Oryza sativa.... Interesting scientific name!
you might want to first ask yourself if you where to you get protein from? no answer or no clue? you might not be getting enough? not everyone needs a protein shake but for people on the go, folks with high metabolisms, those who eat very irregularly, or tend to work out a lot you may just want to try one.
Rice Protein: it seems that as a replacement for soy or whey it works well enough and is billed as a complete protein but does not carry as much protein per serving. which means you are actually getting less than you might need and might need to use or spend more. The plus is that there is a minimal taste factor and can be mixed with anything.
http://ezi?nearticles?.com/?Rice?-Protein-P?owder-What?s-it-Actua?lly-Good-F?or?&id?=729039
Hemp Protein : This seems like a winner! is is a real complete protein including the 8 our bodies do not naturally produce. also it contain both omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. this is especially important as you begin to cut out dairy and other fats from your diet, your body still needs the correct fatty acids to build cells that insulate your veins, arteries, skin, and for all type of other body needs like producing hair ect. Finally, as a natural fiber hemp will help regulate digestion and blood sugar levels, which may cut out bloating that most people feel when they drink protien shake or eat those meal bars. the cons- it can taste pretty gnarley (its not as sweet as the sugary flavored whey protein) and it is pretty expensive.
http://www?.n101.com/?hemp_prote?in_guide_A?10003.html
JUNE 28TH, 2010 - 7:43 PM § IN AG HEMP
STATE OF COLORADO HJR10-1027 – Hemp Resolution
Second Regular Session, Sixty-seventh General Assembly, STATE OF COLORADO
10/2/10 7:15 PM
http://new?aghempecon?omy.com/
Industrial grade HEMP is a good cash crop for regions that cannot grow traditional crops due to poor soil conditions.
Has many uses and is in high demand as an export.
There are many Native American Indian reservations in the U.S. that are in dire need of a cash crop that can grow in poor soil conditions and doing so would reduce the extreme poverty conditions they face.
Since the THC levels in industrial HEMP are extremely small, I really don't understand why industrial HEMP is not allowed in the U.S.
There seems to be a lot of confusion and misconceptions on the use of Industrial grade HEMP.
ice
If ca legalizes pot will hemp be legal too?
Canadian HEMP Corp. will be 5 years ahead of the American's since they are not allowed to grow hemp."
Not single tree would ever have to be cut down again for paper..... If we used Hemp!
"Industrial hemp, which has more than 25,000 uses"
The first hemp company to be invited on a Trade Mission. Canadian Hemp Corp. was invited to go to Ukraine on a Trade Mission with the Prime Minister, Jean Chretien, Canadian Hemp Corp. met with Ukrainian delegations and companies who have hemp harvesting and non-wood pulping technologies. The hard work has paid off. Canadian Hemp Corp. dba Canadian Hemp Farmers Association will have the first seed processing plant in B.C. The building is located in Chilliwack, B.C. Canadian Hemp Corp. Is taking the lead in creating jobs in the hemp industry. After a 60 year ban in Industrial Hemp the Federal government has allowed farmers to grow hemp in Canada. Imagine a crop more versatile than the soybean, the cotton plant, and the Douglas fir tree, combined; a crop whose products are interchangeable with those from timber or petroleum, a crop that grows like Jack's beanstalk with minimal tending. There is such a crop - industrial hemp, which has more than 25,000 uses. Most hemp-derived products are NONTOXIC, BIODEGRADABLE, AND RENEWABLE. Canadian Hemp Corp is working with local companies on products such as Uncle Paul's hemp seed corn chips, hemp butter, hemp flour, hemp milk, hemp ice cream and hemp clothing from Ashira. If it can be made out of soy or flax, it can be made out of hemp. CHC has also received the rights for Canada on new ono-wood pulping technology, we could set up a pulp mill for under 5 million dollars with this technology. Canada will be 5 years ahead of the American's since they are not allowed to grow hemp. Rick Plotnikoff, CHC's CEO and V.P. Mike Hamilton were impressed with the positive reaction from the Mayor of Chilliwack, B.C. and Mike Watson, President of Chilliwack Economic Partners Corporation at a meeting and presentation held in the Mayor's board room. This was followed by a press conference with wide attendance from the media as well as local businessmen. We are in a very unique position, as Canada can become the leader in this growth industry. ''We have all the players to make Canadian Hemp Corp. The leader in processing and manufacturing'', Plotnikoff said. We have the top hemp people on our board including three renowned PhD's from around the world. Canadian Hemp Farmers Association has contracted over 10,000 acres in attention of a large Textile manufacturing company based out of China. This company may be interested in the Chilliwack location because Canadian Hemp will be locating there. There are some very exciting investment opportunities as well as helping the Canadian farmer and Canadian economy. For investment information please contact Canadian Hemp Corporation 9175 Mainwaring Rd., Sidney B.C. V8L 1J9 Tel: 250-656-7233 Fax: 250-656-8860 email: worldlink@usa.net
Canadian firms plan to try to make car from hemp
CAPTIONBy Cate Gillon, Getty Images
Now if your car breaks down and you're stuck by the side of the road, you can try to break off a piece and smoke it.
Well, not really. But the thought -- and the jokes -- are sure to arise over the hemp-fiber car that a group of Canadian companies will try to make, the Canadian Broadcasting Corp. reports.
The companies are collaborating on a car called the Kestrel that will have a body made of resin-impregnated industrial hemp, a tough fiber that comes from the cannabis family member that also results in marijuana. Unlike marijuana, hemp has a very low content of THC, the chemical that makes dope smokers high. Even so, it's illegal to grow in the U.S., so the Canadians think they might have an edge.
It's not a completely new idea. That Lotus Eco Elise from 2008, shown above, also has a hemp body.
The compact electric Kestrel will be prototyped and tested later by Calgary-based Motive Industries.
The CBC says Henry Ford first built a car made of hemp fiber and resin more than half a century ago.
http://content.usatoday.com/communities/driveon/post/2010/08/canadian-firms-plan-to-try-to-make-car-from-hemp/1
DEVELOPMENT OF HEMP FIBRE REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITE
Europe: Ford Focuses on Sustainable Mouldings
Ford Forschungszentrum says it is close to using polypropylene reinforced with 30% sisal fibres for injection moulding.
Ford's Maira Magnani was speaking at Kassel University's 8th Global WPC and Natural Fibre Composites congress and exhibition last month, held for the first time in Stuttgart-Fellbach.
The 30% sisal fibre reinforced parts have already passed FMC crash and head impact test requirements. A centre console made using the material weighs 20% less than talc filled PP. Other advantages include a 20% lower melt temperature and a 10% faster cycle time.
However, further work is needed on the sisal material, Magnani advised, as there are issues to be solved in terms of odour, colour matching with parts made with non-natural fibres, mould flow input data, crash simulation and natural fibre simulation modules.
The sisal reinforced PP was developed by Ford Motor Company (FMC) which has over the last few years developed natural fibre reinforced composites for injection moulding, for example the 50% kenaf fibre reinforced PP used in Ford Mondeo, Focus and Fiesta door panels.
Ford is also looking at using 30% hemp fibre reinforced PP made in the USA and Brazil in electrical/electronic housings and engine compartment applications. Material and component tests also indicated that this type of material is also “close to implementation”, says Ford.
The company faces the same problems with the hemp material as with the sisal, but an ecological comparison of glass fibre and hemp reinforced battery trays showed that the global warming potential (GWP) over 100 years is 45% lower in terms of the equivalent weight of carbon dioxide. Part weight is also lower.
Another successful use of a sustainable material is Ford’s use of AgriPlas BF20H-31 wheat straw reinforced PP compound from Schulman for the quarter trim bin and inner lid of the storage bins of Ford’s 2010 Flex car.
This application alone has cut fuel consumption by 9 tonnes/year and CO2 emissions by around 15 tonnes/year, said Magnani.
At the conference, Magnani also talked about FMC’s three-year ‘liquid wood’ project that began in 2009, aimed at improving the quality of injection mouldable WPC. Banbury-type internal mixing is more effective at compounding the material than twin-screw extruders as it ensures complete enclosure of the fibres within the polymer. This eliminates the need to pre-treat wood fibres, as well as reducing both water absorption and odour, FMC has found.
Moulding trials revealed the liquid wood has low viscosity but only minor processing modifications are needed in terms of temperature, for example. It can be moulded into complex shapes and cut-outs and while draft angles have to be adjusted to allow for low shrinkage, this could be an advantage for tool design, Magnani concluded.
Remaining challenges for liquid wood include optimisation for cost effective industrial production, stable supply, colour management and development of simulation input data and tools, Magnani concluded.
The Ford Motor Company hopes that its use of biomaterials will help it meet its target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions from its vehicles by 30% between 2006 and 2020.
http://www.europeanplasticsnews.com/subscriber/headlines2.html?cat=1&id=1279700128
http://www.scientific.net/MSF.537-538.223
http://inderscience.metapress.com/app/home/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,15,32;journal,7,61;linkingpublicationresults,1:110879,1
Ford Motor CO. (F)
$ 12.26 ?0.02 (0.16%)
Volume: 54,565,409
Hemp / Related Investments - 10/01/2010
Naturally Advanced Technologies (OTC:NADVF)
Naturally Advanced Techs (NADVF)
$ 0.80 ?-0.09 (-10.11%)
Volume: 1,100
Naturally Advanced Technologies, Inc. (NAT) is a Cleantech company focused on providing textile, composite, biomass, and pulping solutions, through the processing of industrial hemp, and other bast fiber crops.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company has two operating units: the development and execution of its processing platform called CRAILAR® technology, which is a series of bast fiber processing technologies targeted at use for sustainable feedstocks in pulp, paper, apparel, textile, and composites; and HTnaturals business to pioneer and brand for true organic and sustainable products to meet the apparel demands of corporate and individual customers.
The wholly owned subsidiaries of NAT includes 0697072 B.C. Ltd., Hemptown USA, Inc., CRAILAR Fiber Technologies Inc. (CRAILAR®), and HTnaturals Apparel Corp. (HTnaturals).
Hemp as an Agricultural Commodity
Welcome to the Investors Hub Hemp Commodities Group.... Please help spread the seeds, and let others know where they can cultivate there understandings.
This Investor Hub Commodities Group was created for the purpose of sharing information related to Industrial Hemp. This Industry is still in its infancy, and many new opportunities will be created in the near future.
Sharing our "Due Diligence" will benefit the IH investors, and Perpetuate the Righteousness for full Global Legalization and Revitalization of “Hemp” and “Industrial Hemp”.
CRS Report for Congress - Order Code RL32725
In February 2007, legislation was introduced that would open the way for commercial cultivation of industrial hemp in the United States (H.R. 1009; in the 109th Congress, H.R. 3037).
The Industrial Hemp Farming Act of 2007 would amend Section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(16)) to specify that the term “marijuana” does not include industrial hemp.Such a change would mean that state law would determine whether producers could grow and process industrial hemp within state borders, under state regulations. Currently, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) determines whether any industrial hemp production authorized under a state statute will be permitted, and it enforces standards governing the security conditions under which the crop must be grown. The terms “hemp” and “industrial hemp” refer to varieties of Cannabis sativa characterized by low levels of the primary psychoactive chemical (tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC) in their leaves and flowers. Although total industrial hemp acreage worldwide is small, farmers in more than 30 countries grow the crop commercially for, seed, and oil for use in a variety of industrial and consumer products, including food.
http://www.thefullwiki.org/Hemp
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about industrial hemp. For its psychoactive variant, see Cannabis (drug). For the biology of the plant, see Cannabis. For other uses, see Hemp (disambiguation).
The variety of appearances for cannabis. Only C. sativa (left) is suited for industrial hemp, but it also has medicinal varieties.
Hemp (from Old English hænep) is the name of the soft, durable fiber that is cultivated from plants of the Cannabis genus, cultivated for industrial and commercial (non-drug) use.
In modern times, industrial hemp has been used for industrial purposes including paper, textiles, biodegradable plastics, construction, health food, and fuel, and medical purposes.[1] with modest commercial success.[2][3] In the past three years, commercial success of hemp food products has grown considerably.[4][5]
Hemp is one of the faster growing biomasses known,[6] producing up to 25 tonnes of dry matter per hectare per year,[7] and one of the earliest domesticated plants known.[8] For a crop, hemp is relatively environmentally friendly as it requires few pesticides[9] and no herbicides.[10]
Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa var. sativa is the variety grown for industrial use in Europe, Canada, and elsewhere, while C. sativa subsp. indica generally has poor fiber quality and is primarily used for production of recreational and medicinal drugs. The major difference between the two types of plants is the appearance and the amount of ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) secreted in a resinous mixture by epidermal hairs called glandular trichomes, although they can also be distinguished genetically.[11] Strains of Cannabis approved for industrial hemp production produce only minute amounts of this psychoactive drug, not enough for any physical or psychological effects. Typically, hemp contains below 0.3% THC, while Cannabis grown for marijuana can contain anywhere from 6 or 7 % to 20% or even more.[12]
Industrial hemp is produced in many countries around the world.[13] Major producers include Canada, France, and China. While more hemp is exported to the United States than to any other country, the United States Government does not consistently distinguish between marijuana and the non-psychoactive Cannabis used for industrial and commercial purposes.[12]
Contents
* 1 Uses
o 1.1 Food
+ 1.1.1 Nutrition
+ 1.1.2 Storage
o 1.2 Dietary supplement
o 1.3 Medicine
o 1.4 Fiber
+ 1.4.1 Building material
+ 1.4.2 Composite materials
+ 1.4.3 Paper
+ 1.4.4 Fabric
+ 1.4.5 Cordage
+ 1.4.6 Animal bedding
o 1.5 Water and soil purification
o 1.6 Weed control
o 1.7 Fuel
* 2 Cultivation
o 2.1 Historical cultivation
+ 2.1.1 Harvesting
o 2.2 Varieties
o 2.3 Diseases
* 3 History
* 4 Countries that produce hemp
* 5 Industrial growth under license
* 6 See also
* 7 References
Uses
Hemp is used for a wide variety of purposes, including the manufacture of cordage of varying tensile strength, clothing, and nutritional products. The bast fibers can be used in 100% hemp products, but are commonly blended with other organic fibers such as flax, cotton or silk, for apparel and furnishings, most commonly at a 55%/45% hemp/cotton blend. The inner two fibers of hemp are more woody, and are more often used in non-woven items and other industrial applications, such as mulch, animal bedding and litter. The oil from the fruits ("seeds") oxidizes (commonly, though inaccurately, called "drying") to become solid on exposure to air (similar to linseed oil) and is sometimes used in the manufacture of oil-based paints, in creams as a moisturizing agent, for cooking, and in plastics. Hemp seeds have been used in bird seed mix.[14] Hempseed is also widely used as a fishing bait.
Food
Shelled hemp seeds
Hemp seeds contain all the essential amino acids and essential fatty acids necessary to maintain healthy human life.[15] The seeds can be eaten raw, ground into a meal, sprouted, made into hemp milk (akin to soy milk), prepared as tea, and used in baking. The fresh leaves can also be eaten in salads. Products range from cereals to frozen waffles, hemp tofu to nut butters. A few companies produce value added hemp seed items that include the seed oils, whole hemp grain (which is sterilized by law), hulled hemp seed (the whole seed without the mineral rich outer shell), hemp flour, hemp cake (a by-product of pressing the seed for oil) and hemp protein powder. Hemp is also used in some organic cereals, for non-dairy milk[16] somewhat similar to soy and nut milks, and for non-dairy hemp "ice cream."[17]
Within the UK, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) has treated hemp as purely a non-food crop. Seed appears on the UK market as a legal food product, and cultivation licenses are available for this purpose. In North America, hemp seed food products are sold, typically in health food stores or through mail order. The USDA estimates that "the market potential for hemp seed as a food ingredient is unknown. However, it probably will remain a small market, like those for sesame and poppy seeds."[18]
Nutrition
[show]Typical nutritional analysis of hemp nut (hulled hemp seeds)[19]
Calories/100 g 567
Protein 30.6
Carbohydrate 10.9
Dietary fiber 6
Fat 47.2
Saturated fat 5.2
Palmitic 16:0 3.4
Stearic 18:0 1.5
Monounsaturated fat 5.8
Oleic 18:1 (Omega-9) 5.8
Polyunsaturated fat 36.2
Linoleic 18:2 (Omega-6) 27.6
Linolenic 18:3 (Omega-3) 8.7
Linolenic 18:3 (Omega-6) 0.8
Cholesterol 0 mg
Moisture 5
Ash 6.6
Vitamin A (B-Carotene) 4 IU
Thiamine (Vit B1) 1 mg
Riboflavin (Vit B2) 1 mg
Vitamin B6 0 mg
Niacin (Vit B3) 0 mg
Vitamin C 1.0 mg
Vitamin D 0 IU
Vitamin E 9 IU
Sodium 9 mg
Calcium 74 mg
Iron 4.7 mg
Hemp is illegal in the US. About 30–35% of the weight of hempseed is hempseed oil or hemp oil, an edible oil that contains about 80% essential fatty acids (EFAs); i.e., linoleic acid, omega-6 (LA, 55%), alpha-linolenic acid, omega-3 (ALA, 22%), in addition to gamma-linolenic acid, omega-6 (GLA, 1–4%) and stearidonic acid, omega-3 (SDA, 0–2%). Whole hempseed also contains about 25% of a highly-digestible protein, where 1/3 is edestin and 2/3 are albumins. Its amino acid profile is close to "complete" when compared to more common sources of proteins such as meat, milk, eggs and soy.[20] The proportions of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid in one tablespoon (15 ml) per day of hemp oil easily provides human daily requirements for EFAs. Unlike flaxseed oil, hemp oil can be used continuously without developing a deficiency or other imbalance of EFAs.[21] This has been demonstrated in a clinical study, where the daily ingestion of flaxseed oil decreased the endogenous production of GLA.[21]
Hempseed is an adequate source of calcium and iron. Whole hempseeds are also a good source of phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese.
Hempseed contains no gluten and therefore would not trigger symptoms of celiac disease.
Storage
Hemp oil is a highly unsaturated oil. As a highly unsaturated oil, it has a relatively low smoke point and is not suitable for frying. It is primarily used as a food oil and dietary supplement, and has been shown to relieve the symptoms of eczema (atopic dermatitis). Hemp oil can spontaneously oxidize and turn rancid within a short period of time if not stored properly; it is best stored in a dark glass bottle, in a refrigerator or freezer (its freezing point is -20C). Preservatives (antioxidants) are not necessary for high quality oils that are stored properly.
Dietary supplement
Hemp oil has been shown to relieve the symptoms of eczema (atopic dermatitis).[22]
Hemp Seed contains a large dietary supplement of omega-3, higher even than walnuts which contain 6.3% of n-3. These oils are known to improve memory and strengthen brain cells.
Medicine
Main article: Medicinal cannabis
Hemp oil has anti-inflammatory properties.[23]
Fiber
Hemp stem showing fibers.
The fiber is one of the most valuable parts of the hemp plant. It is commonly called bast, which refers to the fibers that grow on the outside of the woody interior of the plant's stalk, and under the outer most part (the bark). Bast fibers give the plants strength. Hemp fibers can be between approximately 0.91 m (3 ft) and 4.6 m (15 ft) long, running the length of the plant. Depending on the processing used to remove the fiber from the stem, the hemp may naturally be creamy white, brown, gray, black or green.[citation needed]
The use of hemp for fiber production has declined sharply over the last two centuries, but before the industrial revolution, hemp was a popular fiber because it is strong and grows quickly; it produces 10% more fiber than cotton and 10% more fiber than flax when grown on the same land.[citation needed] Hemp has been used to make paper. It was often used to make sail canvas, and the word canvas derives from cannabis.[24][25] Abaca, or "Manila hemp", a relative of the banana plant, replaced its use for rope. Burlap, made from jute, took over the sacking market. The paper industry began using wood pulp. The carpet industry switched over to wool, sisal, and jute, then nylon. Netting and webbing applications were taken over by cotton and synthetics.
Building material
Concrete block made with hemp in France
In Europe and China, hemp fibers have been used in prototype quantities to strengthen concrete, and in other composite materials for many construction and manufacturing applications.[26] See Hempcrete.
Composite materials
A mixture of fiberglass, hemp fiber, kenaf, and flax has been used since 2002 to make composite panels for automobiles.[4][27] The choice of which bast fiber to use is primarily based on cost and availability.
Paper
There is a niche market for hemp paper. World hemp paper pulp production was believed to be around 120,000 tons per year in 1991 which was about 0.05% of the world's annual pulp production volume.[2] The cost of hemp pulp is approximately six times that of wood pulp,[2] mostly due to the small size and outdated equipment of the few hemp processing plants in the Western world and hemp is harvested once a year (during August) and needs to be stored to feed the mill the whole year through. This storage requires a lot of (mostly manual) handling of the bulky stalk bundles, which accounts for a high raw material cost. Hemp pulp is bleached with hydrogen peroxide, which can also be used for wood pulp.
In 1916, US Department of Agriculture chief scientists Lyster H. Dewe, and Jason L. Merrill created paper made from hemp pulp, which they concluded was "favorable in comparison with those used with pulp wood."[28][29]
The decision of the United States Congress to pass the 1937 Marihuana Tax Act was based in part on testimony derived from articles in newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst, who, some authors stress, had significant financial interests in the forest industry, which manufactured his newsprint.[citation needed]
From 1880 to 1933 the hemp grown in the United States had declined from 15,000 to 1,200 acres (4.9 km2), and that the price of line hemp had dropped from $12.50 per pound in 1914 to $9.00 per pound in 1933.[30][31] In 1935, however, hemp would make a significant rebound.[31] Hearst began a campaign against hemp, and published stories in his newspapers associating hemp with marijuana[32] and attacking marijuana usage.[33]
Fabric
A sack made from hemp fiber
A modest hemp fabric industry exists. Recent developments in processing have made it possible to soften coarse fibers to a wearable level. Characteristics of hemp fiber are its superior strength and durability, resistance to ultraviolet light and mold, comfort and good absorbency (8%).[citation needed]
Cordage
Hemp rope used at the Dallas, Texas, USA World Aquarium
Hemp rope was used in the age of sailing ships, though the rope had to be protected by tarring, due to hemp rope propensity for breaking due to rot, as the capillary effect of the rope-woven fibers tended to hold liquid at the interior, while seeming dry from the outside.[34] Tarring was a labor-intensive process, and earned sailors the nickname "Jack Tar". Hemp rope was phased out when Manila, which does not require tarring, became widely available. Manila is sometimes referred to as Manila hemp, but is not related to hemp; it is Abacá, a species of banana.
Animal bedding
Hemp shives are the core of the stem. In EU, they are used for bedding (horse bedding for instance), or for horticultural mulch.[35] Industrial hemp is much more profitable if both fibers and shives (or even seeds) can be used.
Water and soil purification
Hemp can be used as a "mop crop" to clear impurities out of wastewater, such as sewage effluent, excessive phosphorus from chicken litter, or other unwanted substances or chemicals. Eco-technologist Dr. Keith Bolton from Southern Cross University in Lismore, New South Wales, Australia, is a leading researcher in this area. Hemp is being used to clean contaminants at Chernobyl nuclear disaster site.[36]
Weed control
Main article: Weed_control#Organic_methods
Biodiesel sample
Hemp, because of its height, dense foliage and its high planting density as a crop, is a very effective and long used method of killing tough weeds in farming (by minimizing the pool of weed seeds of the soil).[37] Using hemp this way can help farmers avoid the use of herbicides, to help gain organic certification and to gain the benefits of crop rotation per se.
Fuel
Biofuels such as biodiesel and alcohol fuel can be made from the oils in hemp seeds and stalks, and the fermentation of the plant as a whole, respectively. Biodiesel produced from hemp is sometimes known as hempoline[38].
Henry Ford grew industrial hemp on his estate after 1937,[39] possibly to prove the cheapness of methanol production at Iron Mountain. He made plastic cars (the so-called Hemp Car) with wheat straw, hemp and sisal. (Popular Mechanics, Dec. 1941, "Pinch Hitters for Defense.") Filtered hemp oil can be used directly to power diesels. In 1892, Rudolph Diesel invented the diesel engine, which he intended to fuel "by a variety of fuels, especially vegetable and seed oils."[40][41][42][43]
Cultivation
Hemp being harvested
Climate zones well suited for the cultivation of hemp
Millennia of selective breeding have resulted in varieties that look quite different. Also, breeding since circa 1930 has focused quite specifically on producing strains which would perform very poorly as sources of drug material. Hemp grown for fibre is planted closely, resulting in tall, slender plants with long fibers. Ideally, according to Britain's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the herb should be harvested before it flowers. This early cropping is done because fibre quality declines if flowering is allowed and, incidentally, this cropping also pre-empts the herb's maturity as a potential source of drug material. However, in these strains of industrial hemp the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content would have been very low regardless.
The name Cannabis is the genus and was the name favored by the 19th century medical practitioners who helped to introduce the herb's drug potential to modern English-speaking consciousness. Cannabis for non-drug purposes (especially ropes and textiles) was then already well known as hemp.
The name "marijuana" is Spanish in origin and associated almost exclusively with the herb's drug potential.
Historical cultivation
Hemp has been grown for millennia in Asia and the Middle East for its fibre. Commercial production of hemp in the West took off in the eighteenth century, but was grown in the sixteenth century in eastern England.[44] Due to colonial and naval expansion of the era, economies needed large quantities of hemp for rope and oakum.
Harvesting
Industrial hempseed harvesting machine in France.
Thick stands of fiber hemp compete well with weeds.
Smallholder plots are usually harvested by hand. The plants are cut at 2 to 3 cm above the soil and left on the ground to dry. Mechanical harvesting is now common, using specially adapted cutter-binders or simpler cutters.
The cut hemp is laid in swathes to dry for up to four days. This was traditionally followed by retting, either water retting (the bundled hemp floats in water) or dew retting (the hemp remains on the ground and is affected by the moisture in dew moisture, and by molds and bacterial action). Modern processes use steam and machinery to separate the fiber, a process known as thermo-mechanical pulping.
Varieties
There are broadly three groups of Cannabis varieties being cultivated today:
* Varieties primarily cultivated for their fiber, characterized by long stems and little branching, extreme red, yellow, blue or purple coloration, or thickness of stem and solid core, such as hemp cannabis oglalas, and more generally called industrial hemp.
* Varieties grown for seed from which hemp oil is extracted or which can be dehulled.
* Varieties grown for medicinal, spiritual development or recreational purposes.
A nominal if not legal distinction is often made between hemp, with concentrations of the psychoactive chemical THC far too low to be useful as a drug, and Cannabis used for medical, recreational, or spiritual purposes.
Diseases
Main article: List of hemp diseases
Hemp plants can be vulnerable to various pathogens including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, viruses and other miscellaneous pathogens. Such diseases often lead to reduced fiber quality, stunted growth, and death of the plant. These diseases rarely affect the yield of a hemp field, so hemp production is not traditionally dependent on the use of pesticides.
History
Yangshao culture (ca. 4800 BCE) amphora with hemp cord design
Má, the Mandarin word for hemp. In China, the use of hemp has been shown to go back at least 10,000 years.
Cannabis sativa from Vienna Dioscurides, 512 A.D.
Hemp use dates back to the Stone Age, with hemp fibre imprints found in pottery shards in China and Taiwan[45] over 7,000 years old. They were also later used to make clothes, shoes, ropes, and an early form of paper.[45] Contrary to the traditional view that Cai Lun invented paper in around 105 AD, specimens of hemp paper were found in the Great Wall of China dating back 200 years earlier.[citation needed]
The classical Greek historian Herodotus (ca. 480 BC) reported that the inhabitants of Scythia would often inhale the vapours of hemp smoke, both as ritual and for their own pleasurable recreation (Hist. 4:73-75).
In late medieval Germany and Italy, hemp was employed in cooked dishes, as filling in pies and tortes, or boiled in a soup.[46]
Hemp in later Europe was mainly cultivated for its fibers, and was used for ropes on many ships, including those of Christopher Columbus. The use of hemp as a cloth was centered largely in the countryside, with higher quality textiles being available in the towns.
The Spaniards brought hemp to the Western Hemisphere and cultivated it in Chile starting about 1545.[47] However, in May 1607, "hempe" was among the crops Gabriel Archer observed being cultivated by the natives at the main Powhatan village, where Richmond, Virginia is now situated;[48] and in 1613, Samuell Argall reported wild hemp "better than that in England" growing along the shores of the upper Potomac. As early as 1619, the first Virginia House of Burgesses passed an Act requiring all planters in Virginia to sow "both English and Indian" hemp on their plantations.[49] The Puritans are first known to have cultivated hemp in New England in 1645.[47]
U.S. 'Marihuana' production permit. In the USA, hemp cultivation is legally prohibited, but during World War II farmers were encouraged to grow hemp for cordage, to replace Manila hemp previously obtained from Japanese-controlled areas. The US government produced a film explaining the uses of hemp called Hemp for Victory.
George Washington and Thomas Jefferson both cultivated hemp on their farms. Benjamin Franklin started the first American paper mill, which made paper exclusively from hemp, and the Declaration of Independence was drafted on paper made from hemp fibers.[50]
Hemp was used extensively by the United States during WWII. Uniforms, canvas, and rope were among the main textiles created from the hemp plant at this time. Much of the hemp used was cultivated in Kentucky and the Midwest.
Historically, hemp production had made up a significant portion of antebellum Kentucky's economy. Before the American Civil War, many slaves worked on plantations producing hemp.[51]
During WWII, the U.S. made a short 1942 film, Hemp for Victory, promoting hemp as a necessary crop to win the war.
By the early twentieth century, the advent of the steam engine and the diesel engine ended the reign of the sailing ship. The production of iron and steel for cable and ships' hulls further eliminated natural fibers in marine use. Hemp had long since fallen out of favor in the sailing industry in preference to Manila hemp.
Countries that produce hemp
Over 30 countries produce industrial hemp including Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Great Britain, France, Russia and Spain.[52]
From the 1950s to the 1980s the Soviet Union was the world's largest producer (3,000 km² in 1970). The main production areas were in Ukraine,[53] the Kursk and Orel regions of Russia, and near the Polish border. Since its inception in 1931, the Hemp Breeding Department at the Institute of Bast Crops (Russian: ??????-????????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????) in Hlukhiv (Glukhov), Ukraine, has been one of the world's largest centers for developing new hemp varieties, focusing on improving fiber quality, per-hectare yields, and low THC content.[54][55]
Other important producing countries were China, North Korea, Hungary, the former Yugoslavia, Romania, Poland, France and Italy.
Typical Japanese Shinto shrine with paper streamers & rope made out of unprocessed hemp fibre.
In Japan, hemp was historically used as paper and a fiber crop; it was restricted as a narcotic drug in 1948. The ban on marijuana imposed by the US authorities was alien to Japanese culture, as the drug had never been widely used in Japan before. There is archaeological evidence that cannabis was used for clothing and the seeds were eaten in Japan right back to the Jomon period (10,000 to 300 BCE). Many Kimono designs portray hemp, or "Asa" (Japanese: ?), as a beautiful plant.
Uruguay has also approved a project of hemp production as of the second half of 2010.
France is Europe's biggest producer, with 8,000 hectares cultivated. Canada (9,725 ha in 2004),[56] the United Kingdom, and Germany all resumed commercial production in the 1990s. British production is mostly used as bedding for horses; other uses are under development. The largest outlet for German fibre is composite automotive panels. Companies in Canada, UK, US and Germany among many others process hemp seed into a growing range of food products and cosmetics; many traditional growing countries still continue to produce textile grade fibre.
Hemp is not legal to grow in the U.S. under federal law due to its relation to marijuana, and any imported hemp products must meet a zero tolerance level. It is considered a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act (P.L. 91-513; 21 U.S.C. 801 et seq.). Some states have defied federal law and made the cultivation of industrial hemp legal. These states — North Dakota, Hawaii, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Montana, West Virginia, Vermont, and Oregon — have not yet begun to grow hemp due to resistance from the federal Drug Enforcement Administration.[57]
Industrial growth under license
Industrial hemp production in France
Licenses for hemp cultivation are issued in the European Union, Canada, in three states of Australia, and nine states in the United States.[58]
In the United Kingdom, these licenses are issued by the Home Office under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. When grown for non-drug purposes hemp is referred to as industrial hemp, and a common product is fiber for use in a wide variety of products, as well as the seed for nutritional aspects as well as for the oil. Feral hemp or ditch weed is usually a naturalized fiber or oilseed strain of Cannabis that has escaped from cultivation and is self-seeding.
In Australia the states of Victoria, Queensland and most recently New South Wales issue licenses to grow hemp for industrial use. Victoria was an early adopter in 1998, and has reissued the regulation in 2008.[59] Queensland has allowed industrial production under license since 2002[60] where the issuance is controlled under the Drugs Misuse Act 1986.[61] Most recently New South Wales now issues licenses[62] under a law that came into effect as at 6 November 2008, the Hemp Industry Regulations Act 2008 (No 58).[63]
Vermont and North Dakota have passed laws enabling hemp licensure. Both states are waiting for permission to grow hemp from the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). Currently, North Dakota representatives are pursuing legal measures to force DEA approval.[64] Oregon has licensed industrial hemp as of August, 2009.[65]
See also
* Cannabrick construction
* Plant textiles
* Hemp for Victory
* Hemp Industries Association
* Hempcrete
* Natural fibre
* Vote Hemp
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