Avid Bioservices Inc (CDMO)

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Activation of blood coagulation in cancer: implications for tumor progression

Several studies have suggested a role for blood coagulation proteins in tumor progression. Herein, we discuss (1) the activation of the blood clotting cascade in the tumor microenvironment and its impact on primary tumor growth; (2) the intravascular activation of blood coagulation and its impact on tumor metastasis and cancer-associated thrombosis; and (3) antitumour therapies that target blood-coagulation-associated proteins. Expression levels of the clotting initiator protein TF (tissue factor) have been correlated with tumor cell aggressiveness. Simultaneous TF expression and PS (phosphatidylserine) exposure by tumor cells promote the extravascular activation of blood coagulation. The generation of blood coagulation enzymes in the tumour microenvironment may trigger the activation of PARs (protease-activated receptors). In particular, PAR1 and PAR2 have been associated with many aspects of tumor biology. The procoagulant activity of circulating tumor cells favours metastasis, whereas the release of TF-bearing MVs (microvesicles) into the circulation has been correlated with cancer-associated thrombosis. Given the role of coagulation proteins in tumor progression, it has been proposed that they could be targets for the development of new antitumor therapies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3763425/