It doesn't really fit R&D as it has an immediate ascertainable value right now and can be readily resold. So its value is much more certain than is usual for an R&D asset (it's thus quite unlike a license to an unapproved drug). For Sanofi, under IFRS at least, I'm pretty sure it would be capitalized.
Incidentally this pediatric priority voucher will now sunset after a year (unless changed by Congress):
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