Franklin Projects up to 30,000 Ounces of Gold to Be -
Recovered in Phase I of a Multi-Phase Plan at -
Their Escala Mining Concession
Tuesday February 19, 8:30 am ET
http://biz.yahoo.com/iw/080219/0363421.html
LAS VEGAS, NV--(MARKET WIRE)--Feb 19, 2008 --
Franklin Mining, Inc. -
(Other OTC:FMNJ.PK - News) (Frankfurt:FMJ.F - News) CEO,
William Petty has today announced projections for the
recovery of gold from the four known sites within their
500 hectare Escala mining concession.
"A mid-2007 surface exploration by Franklin's engineer
and general manager was made within an area known to have
been previously explored and sampled.
Using reports supplied by COMIBOL, our effort was focused
on an area approximately half the size of the 1993-1994
explorations at the Cerro Blanco."
Mr. Petty continued, "Cerro Blanco was chosen because it
is the site nearest to our existing silver operation.
The exploration was conducted by Mr. Javier Leyton, a
mining engineer with many years professional experience
in the Escala area and Dr. Jaime Arancibia,
Franklin Mining, Bolivia's General Manager.
Working together, they estimate that this one area, equal
to less than half of the Cerro Blanco dome, contains
approximately 20,000 to 30,000 ounces of gold."
With the Escala's silver operation underway, Franklin
is committed to expanding to include exploitation of
copper and gold.
Copper has long been known to be available, however
the Escala has not generally been considered a source
of copper in viable quantities.
Escala's gold potential is considered to be significant.
Additional information on Franklin's plans for mining at
the Escala is available at
http://www.FranklinMining.com
specifically in multiple Letters from the President to
be posted during February 2008.
About The Escala Mine:
Comprising three separate mining applications,
COMIBOL's Escala Mine concession totals 2,000 hectares
located in the Sud Lipez Province, near Bolivia's border
with Argentina.
Franklin Mining, Bolivia has been awarded a contract to
mine 500 hectares within the original concession.
Escala II and Escala III mining applications are
currently assigned to another company.
The original Escala Mine -
was established during the Spanish colonial period and
has been mined for lead, zinc, gold and silver.
In 2007, Franklin Mining, Bolivia negotiated an agreement
with COMIBOL, National Mining Company of Bolivia, to
resume mining operations within the area of
the original concession.
About Franklin Mining, Inc:
Franklin Mining, Inc. -
holds mining and energy interests in the United States
and Bolivia as well as energy interests in Argentina.
Franklin Mining, Bolivia -
is a wholly owned subsidiary.
Franklin Mining, Inc. holds 51% ownership in both
Franklin Oil & Gas, Bolivia S.A. and
Franklin Oil & Gas, Argentina S.A.
DISCLOSURES: "Safe Harbor" statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: This press release contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risk and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the impact of competitive products, product demand, market acceptance risks, fluctuations in operating results, political risk and other risks detailed from time to time in Franklin Mining, Inc.'s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These risks could cause Franklin Mining, Inc.'s actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, Franklin Mining, Inc.
For further information,
please visit our website
http://www.FranklinMining.com
or contact our Investor Relations firm,
A. S. Austin & Company,
1-702-386-5379.
Contact:
Contact:
Investor Relations
A. S. Austin & Company
1-702-386-5379
Source: Franklin Mining, Inc.
http://biz.yahoo.com/iw/080219/0363421.html
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=26829201
--
GOLD Apr 2008 (NYMEX:GC.J08.E) -
SILVER Mar 2008 (NYMEX:SI.H08.E) -
Franklin Announces Cerro Rico Holds Over 33 Million Ounces of Silver, Fourth Vein Shows Potential Reserves of Over 11 Million
Franklin Mining Announces Cerro Rico Holds Over 33 Million Ounces of Silver, Fourth Vein Shows Potential Reserves of Over 11 Mil
By: Aaron Reed
Aug. 1, 2006 11:30 AM
Digg This!
LAS VEGAS, NV -- (MARKET WIRE) -- 08/01/06 -- Franklin Mining, Inc. (PINKSHEETS: FMNJ) is pleased to announce today the significant value estimated by the COMIBOL reports on the Cerro Rico Mine reserves. It is believed to hold over 33 million ounces of silver. San Pedro (the fourth vein) reserves are projected to be over 11 million ounces of silver.
The results were provided by the combined reports from COMIBOL
(Bolivia's national mining company).
http://www.sys-con.com/read/254398.htm
According to the COMIBOL prospective reserve reports, San Pedro is believed to contain approximately 11,937,569 tons of ore, 208,320 kilos of silver and 62,496 metric tons of zinc, roughly 7,346,196 ounces of silver and 137,741,184 pounds of zinc.
This partnership encompasses the four veins of the famous Cerro Rico de Potosi Mine (San Miguel, San Pedro, Mesapata and Alkco Barreno). The Cerro Rico (located southeast of the city of Potosi, Bolivia), under COMIBOL's ownership, is considered the world's largest silver deposit and one of the most popular tourist attractions in Bolivia.
The four veins are projected to hold over 5.5 million metric tons of ore.
The combined estimated reserves are about 938,130 kgs of silver, 250,004 tons of zinc and over 72,377 tons of tin, yielding approximately 33,018,564 ounces of silver, 550,784,040 lbs of zinc and 159,518,908 lbs of tin.
"The Cerro Rico history's most fabulous silver strike, changed Bolivia's social fabric 450 years ago. Now, thanks to modern mining, it may do so again. Legend has it that enough metal was extracted from the deposit to build a bridge of silver from South America to Europe. 'It is an impressive amount of mineral wealth,' Roland Jordan Pozo, secretary general of Bolivia's association of medium-sized miners, said. 'Industry officials say the deposit could vault Bolivia back into the vanguard of global silver production.'" www.latinamericanstudies.org/bolivia/silver.htm
Metal prices today show silver at $ 11.38 USD per ounce, tin at $3.78 USD per ounce and zinc at $ 1.52 per lb USD.
Franklin Mining, Bolivia S.A. (a Bolivian corporation) is a subsidiary company of Franklin Mining, Inc. COMIBOL is Bolivia's state-owned mining company.
For additional information on Franklin Mining, Inc, please visit our web site, www.franklinmining.com. To receive Franklin Mining news by e-mail, please send contact information to info@franklinmining.com.
"Safe Harbor" statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: This press release contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risk and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the impact of competitive products, product demand, market acceptance risks, fluctuations in operating results, political risk and other risks detailed from time to time in Franklin Mining, Inc.'s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These risks could cause Franklin Mining Inc.'s actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, Franklin Mining Inc.
Additional information on company operations is found at our website http://www.franklinmining.com/.
Contact:
Franklin Mining, Inc.
Andrew Austin
702-386-5379
info@franklinmining.com
http://www.sys-con.com/read/254398.htm
Franklin Mining was the first US mining company received -
a Cerro Rico mining agreement since the Spaniard mined it -
Btw.
the drilling of COMIBOL has been at shallow level -
and its still more than 12000' down to sea level -
SA gold mines goes down to more than 20000' bellow the
sea level with todays mining hi-tech -
the gold and silver veins aren't est. from the moon -
the values most often inctease with the deepth -
the deeper we mine the richer the veins become -
is most often the case in most mines -
ex.
Cerro Rico -
WHAT MADE CERRO RICO SO BIG?
Cerro Rico dominates the town of Potosi, and
its Ag production has never been matched.
When one compares Cerro Rico to other BPV deposits,
three features stand out as being exceptional:
* The phenomenal silver resource. Cerro Rico has produced
almost five times more silver than any other BPV deposit.
* Development of a thick acid-sulfate lithocap.
The acid-sulfate lithocap at Cerro Rico is at least
twice as thick as any other described from a BPV deposit.
* Development and preservation of a particularly deep zone
of oxidation.
This is almost four times as thick as any other developed
at a BPV deposit.
The extraordinary richness of the Cerro Rico silver deposit
is not due to weathering processes -
as is the case with many of the Tertiary porphyry Cu
deposits of northern Chile.
Instead the enrichment of Ag must be related to
volcanic-related processes.
Recent studies of melt inclusions have shown that the
magmas at Cerro Rico were highly fractionated and
enriched in incompatible elements such as Ag and Sn.
However, fractionation alone is unlikely to account for
the unusual abundance of silver at Cerro Rico.
Critically, the combination of accurate dating and
the use of stable isotopes –
both based upon excellent field and petrographic
observations –
allowed us to observe that the mineralizing episode
was protracted, by comparison to other deposits related
to processes in the upper parts of volcanoes.
Our studies suggest that it was this exceptional
duration of magma-related hydrothermal activity
that was perhaps the critical factor.
It is probable that this was sustained by multiple
injections of fractionated Ag-enriched magma from
a deep reservoir into a high level magma chamber
underlying Cerro Rico -
(Au & Ag treasure chests - well protected)
This work has now been accepted for publication in
Economic Geology -
and has also been the subject of an article in -
the last issue of NERC’s public bulletin -
Planet Earth.
DEVELOPMENTS IN UNDERSTANDING LASER-INDUCED S ISOTOPE
FRACTIONATION -
Laser heating of sulfides in the presence of O2 -
a technique pioneered by ICSF and SUERC -
with part funding from NSS capital budget -
is the most commonly used method of in situ sulfur
isotope analysis.
Previous work indicated that a small, but reproducible
fractionation of 34S/32S exists between the product
SO2 gas, and the mineral.
The magnitude of this fractionation varies with bond
strength, as reflected in Gibbs free energy of formation.
The correction factors are known for common sulfides
and anhydrite, but not hitherto for stibnite and
the sulfosalt minerals, which are important constituents
of many classes of ore deposits.
In our paper with Dr. Thomas Wagner
(University of Tübingen:
Wagner et al, 2002 - see Publication List)
the correlation of ΔGo298 with the laser correction
factor for the sulfosalts fits well with the trend
previously established for simple sulfides.
There is an excellent correlation between the
fractionation factor and mineral composition,
a parameter that does result in bond strength
variations (e.g. mole fraction of PbS in sulfosalts),
allowing estimation of the correction factors for
simple intermediate compositions.
Finally, bond strength also varies with variation
in inter-atomic distances, and we have therefore
investigated the behaviour of stibnite, a strongly
anisotropic mineral.
Our results indicate that there is a significant
variation in fractionation factor depending on
crystal orientation.
The fractionation factor along the prismatic b-axis,
which displays the strongest chemical bonds
(as monitored by the shortest bond lengths),
is more negative (-1.7‰) than along the other
crystallographic directions (-0.7‰ to -1.0‰),
in full agreement with theoretical predictions.
Reviewing the manuscript, Prof. Mike McKibben
(UC Riverside) said of the paper “…..it
develops a very useful analysis and discussion
of the significant effects of bond strength,
solid-solution composition, and crystallographic
orientation on the mineral-gas isotopic
fractionation that is observed during laser
ablation and isotopic analysis.”
Output
I have a strong commitment to the public dissemination
of data, particularly through publication in
peer-reviewed journals.
I thank the many colleagues and their students who have
worked with me through ICSF over the years.
Scottish Universities -
Research Centre -
Rankine Avenue,
Scottish Enterprise Technology Park
East Kilbride G75 0QF,
Scotland, UK
Franklin Mining was the first US mining company received
a Cerro Rico mining agreement -
FMNJ has received the trust of the COMIBOL -
Note.
the Cerro Rico is not part of the fed fraud -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP2JpY-J8MA
God Bless America
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=14357877
http://www.franklinmining.com/currentprojects.html
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=26829201
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
Ps.
Barron's arguing in favor of a Gold Standard! -
Despite the lack of buying in India -
after oiltanker's anchor ripping out IT-service -
the selling by central banks and the IMF, and other
manipulations of the market, gold is above $900 and
the ETF's holdings are at all time highs and growing.
And, Barron's is running a series on why the gold standard
is not such a bad idea.
Could pm's be in for another run up now that the mainstream
is getting on board?
Monday February 18. 2008
Barron's
Economic Beat
"Greenspan Was Right: The Case for Gold, Part I -
By GENE EPSTEIN
"UNDER THE GOLD STANDARD," observed Alan Greenspan in a
1966 essay, "a free banking system stands as the protector
of an economy's stability and balanced growth."
As you probably heard, a serious bout of instability caused
by major imbalances currently plagues the U.S. economy.
So a free banking system under the gold standard must be
just what the economy needs, if Greenspan had it right.
In that same essay, the future Fed chairman saw another
key advantage to a gold standard.
While taxing and borrowing against future taxes were
the conventional ways government raised revenue,
the abandonment of gold permitted a third way:
"chronic deficit spending" effectively financed by
the "unlimited expansion of credit."
A gold standard would end that abuse.
But adoption of gold is not exactly high on the world's agenda.
Accordingly, this first installment in my two-part case
for gold began with Alan Greenspan's oft-cited essay
(called "Gold and Economic Freedom") for a strategic reason.
Atlantic.com blogger Megan McCardle was wrong to call
the gold standard a "terrible idea." But she was obviously
right to point out that "so few economists [are] willing
to raise their voices in support of" any version of
a gold standard.
It might therefore help to remind readers that the most
respected Federal Reserve chairman ever raised his voice
in just this way as a seasoned economist of 40, in an
essay that was brief but mainly focused on
the right arguments.
Also, Alan Greenspan's 2007 memoir, The Age of Turbulence,
adds to the case for gold, while incidentally helping
to suggest why "so few economists" are gold advocates.
The long-standing alternative to gold is, after all,
the central banking system, in whose service more than a
few economists have found tangible career benefits.
That may help explain why The Age of Turbulence never
mentions the main point that Greenspan himself made in
"Gold and Economic Freedom":
that gold would protect the economy from the instability
of business cycles.
In fact, nowhere does he mention the essay itself.
We can only conjecture about the omission in a book that
is supposed to chronicle his intellectual development,
and which otherwise mentions gold.
I conjecture that he found the argument an affront to
his career as a central banker.
Indeed, the same essay he buries down the memory hole
aggressively indicts the Federal Reserve for playing
a destabilizing role. We can regard the 1966 essay
as representing his most recent thought to date on
this point, since nothing else is available.
The Age of Turbulence does make an additional point in favor
of gold not mentioned in that original essay:
that a gold standard would prevent price inflation.
In the most disturbing, and valuable, section of this book,
Greenspan sees an end to the era of tame price increases,
beginning around 2030.
He points out, first, that the benign
"disinflationary pressures" from economies like that of
China will have played out by then.
And at the same time, inflationary pressures could be
intensified by the fiscal "tsunami" brought on
by retiring baby boomers.
He affirms that gold would check price inflation, referring
to the "gold standard's inherent price stability."
So why not support gold for this important reason?
It turns out that, while the Greenspan of 1966 objected
to chronic deficits financed by "an unlimited expansion
of credit," the Greenspan of 2007 now accepts that
very thing.
"I have long since acquiesced in the fact that the gold
standard does not readily accommodate the widely accepted
...view of the appropriate functions of government,"
he candidly admits -- namely, the "propensity of Congress
to create benefits for constituents without specifying
the means by which they are to be funded."
But to accept the government's power "to create
benefits...without specifying the means by which they are
to be funded" is effectively to endorse the government's
right to finance its operations, not just through taxing
and borrowing, but through the unilateral creation of
money and credit.
On this point, gold advocate George Reisman observes:
"When the government need not obtain its funds from the
people, but instead can supply the people with funds, it
can no longer easily be viewed as deriving its powers
and rights from the people."
So let us repeat Alan Greenspan's three main arguments
for gold.
A gold standard will protect the economy from --
1) the business cycles that have long burdened it and
2) the rapid price inflation that Greenspan sees as
a future plague.
It also will
3) prevent the government from raising funds through
the unilateral expansion of money and credit that
Greenspan used to regard as a plague on our freedom.
What more overwhelming case can possibly be imagined?
For part 2 on this subject, read next week's column."
Thanks for those links on the Green span bob it proves
this paper shorting of the metal, and in the not to
distant future , one large default could bust this up.
I doubt they can ever make a large physical deliver
on the outside it would expose it all, but it could
happen, hope to see more people going with the gg etc -
Judge for yourself and then decide whether you wish to join the strike.
WE ARE CHANGE!!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP2JpY-J8MA
Ron Paul wants to organize a strike on July 4th
http://www.alexjonesfan58.com/mp3/20080212_alexjones_ronpaul.mp3
A King's Ransom in Precious Metals Seems to Have Disappeared ? -
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=26752674
the fraudsters can't keep anchor out all gold buyers forever? -
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7222411.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7228315.stm
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=26593002
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=26682045
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5404
Imo. Tia.
God Bless America
Recovered in Phase I of a Multi-Phase Plan at -
Their Escala Mining Concession
Tuesday February 19, 8:30 am ET
http://biz.yahoo.com/iw/080219/0363421.html
LAS VEGAS, NV--(MARKET WIRE)--Feb 19, 2008 --
Franklin Mining, Inc. -
(Other OTC:FMNJ.PK - News) (Frankfurt:FMJ.F - News) CEO,
William Petty has today announced projections for the
recovery of gold from the four known sites within their
500 hectare Escala mining concession.
"A mid-2007 surface exploration by Franklin's engineer
and general manager was made within an area known to have
been previously explored and sampled.
Using reports supplied by COMIBOL, our effort was focused
on an area approximately half the size of the 1993-1994
explorations at the Cerro Blanco."
Mr. Petty continued, "Cerro Blanco was chosen because it
is the site nearest to our existing silver operation.
The exploration was conducted by Mr. Javier Leyton, a
mining engineer with many years professional experience
in the Escala area and Dr. Jaime Arancibia,
Franklin Mining, Bolivia's General Manager.
Working together, they estimate that this one area, equal
to less than half of the Cerro Blanco dome, contains
approximately 20,000 to 30,000 ounces of gold."
With the Escala's silver operation underway, Franklin
is committed to expanding to include exploitation of
copper and gold.
Copper has long been known to be available, however
the Escala has not generally been considered a source
of copper in viable quantities.
Escala's gold potential is considered to be significant.
Additional information on Franklin's plans for mining at
the Escala is available at
http://www.FranklinMining.com
specifically in multiple Letters from the President to
be posted during February 2008.
About The Escala Mine:
Comprising three separate mining applications,
COMIBOL's Escala Mine concession totals 2,000 hectares
located in the Sud Lipez Province, near Bolivia's border
with Argentina.
Franklin Mining, Bolivia has been awarded a contract to
mine 500 hectares within the original concession.
Escala II and Escala III mining applications are
currently assigned to another company.
The original Escala Mine -
was established during the Spanish colonial period and
has been mined for lead, zinc, gold and silver.
In 2007, Franklin Mining, Bolivia negotiated an agreement
with COMIBOL, National Mining Company of Bolivia, to
resume mining operations within the area of
the original concession.
About Franklin Mining, Inc:
Franklin Mining, Inc. -
holds mining and energy interests in the United States
and Bolivia as well as energy interests in Argentina.
Franklin Mining, Bolivia -
is a wholly owned subsidiary.
Franklin Mining, Inc. holds 51% ownership in both
Franklin Oil & Gas, Bolivia S.A. and
Franklin Oil & Gas, Argentina S.A.
DISCLOSURES: "Safe Harbor" statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: This press release contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risk and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the impact of competitive products, product demand, market acceptance risks, fluctuations in operating results, political risk and other risks detailed from time to time in Franklin Mining, Inc.'s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These risks could cause Franklin Mining, Inc.'s actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, Franklin Mining, Inc.
For further information,
please visit our website
http://www.FranklinMining.com
or contact our Investor Relations firm,
A. S. Austin & Company,
1-702-386-5379.
Contact:
Contact:
Investor Relations
A. S. Austin & Company
1-702-386-5379
Source: Franklin Mining, Inc.
http://biz.yahoo.com/iw/080219/0363421.html
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=26829201
--
GOLD Apr 2008 (NYMEX:GC.J08.E) -
SILVER Mar 2008 (NYMEX:SI.H08.E) -
Franklin Announces Cerro Rico Holds Over 33 Million Ounces of Silver, Fourth Vein Shows Potential Reserves of Over 11 Million
Franklin Mining Announces Cerro Rico Holds Over 33 Million Ounces of Silver, Fourth Vein Shows Potential Reserves of Over 11 Mil
By: Aaron Reed
Aug. 1, 2006 11:30 AM
Digg This!
LAS VEGAS, NV -- (MARKET WIRE) -- 08/01/06 -- Franklin Mining, Inc. (PINKSHEETS: FMNJ) is pleased to announce today the significant value estimated by the COMIBOL reports on the Cerro Rico Mine reserves. It is believed to hold over 33 million ounces of silver. San Pedro (the fourth vein) reserves are projected to be over 11 million ounces of silver.
The results were provided by the combined reports from COMIBOL
(Bolivia's national mining company).
http://www.sys-con.com/read/254398.htm
According to the COMIBOL prospective reserve reports, San Pedro is believed to contain approximately 11,937,569 tons of ore, 208,320 kilos of silver and 62,496 metric tons of zinc, roughly 7,346,196 ounces of silver and 137,741,184 pounds of zinc.
This partnership encompasses the four veins of the famous Cerro Rico de Potosi Mine (San Miguel, San Pedro, Mesapata and Alkco Barreno). The Cerro Rico (located southeast of the city of Potosi, Bolivia), under COMIBOL's ownership, is considered the world's largest silver deposit and one of the most popular tourist attractions in Bolivia.
The four veins are projected to hold over 5.5 million metric tons of ore.
The combined estimated reserves are about 938,130 kgs of silver, 250,004 tons of zinc and over 72,377 tons of tin, yielding approximately 33,018,564 ounces of silver, 550,784,040 lbs of zinc and 159,518,908 lbs of tin.
"The Cerro Rico history's most fabulous silver strike, changed Bolivia's social fabric 450 years ago. Now, thanks to modern mining, it may do so again. Legend has it that enough metal was extracted from the deposit to build a bridge of silver from South America to Europe. 'It is an impressive amount of mineral wealth,' Roland Jordan Pozo, secretary general of Bolivia's association of medium-sized miners, said. 'Industry officials say the deposit could vault Bolivia back into the vanguard of global silver production.'" www.latinamericanstudies.org/bolivia/silver.htm
Metal prices today show silver at $ 11.38 USD per ounce, tin at $3.78 USD per ounce and zinc at $ 1.52 per lb USD.
Franklin Mining, Bolivia S.A. (a Bolivian corporation) is a subsidiary company of Franklin Mining, Inc. COMIBOL is Bolivia's state-owned mining company.
For additional information on Franklin Mining, Inc, please visit our web site, www.franklinmining.com. To receive Franklin Mining news by e-mail, please send contact information to info@franklinmining.com.
"Safe Harbor" statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: This press release contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risk and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the impact of competitive products, product demand, market acceptance risks, fluctuations in operating results, political risk and other risks detailed from time to time in Franklin Mining, Inc.'s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These risks could cause Franklin Mining Inc.'s actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by, or on behalf of, Franklin Mining Inc.
Additional information on company operations is found at our website http://www.franklinmining.com/.
Contact:
Franklin Mining, Inc.
Andrew Austin
702-386-5379
info@franklinmining.com
http://www.sys-con.com/read/254398.htm
Franklin Mining was the first US mining company received -
a Cerro Rico mining agreement since the Spaniard mined it -
Btw.
the drilling of COMIBOL has been at shallow level -
and its still more than 12000' down to sea level -
SA gold mines goes down to more than 20000' bellow the
sea level with todays mining hi-tech -
the gold and silver veins aren't est. from the moon -
the values most often inctease with the deepth -
the deeper we mine the richer the veins become -
is most often the case in most mines -
ex.
Cerro Rico -
WHAT MADE CERRO RICO SO BIG?
Cerro Rico dominates the town of Potosi, and
its Ag production has never been matched.
When one compares Cerro Rico to other BPV deposits,
three features stand out as being exceptional:
* The phenomenal silver resource. Cerro Rico has produced
almost five times more silver than any other BPV deposit.
* Development of a thick acid-sulfate lithocap.
The acid-sulfate lithocap at Cerro Rico is at least
twice as thick as any other described from a BPV deposit.
* Development and preservation of a particularly deep zone
of oxidation.
This is almost four times as thick as any other developed
at a BPV deposit.
The extraordinary richness of the Cerro Rico silver deposit
is not due to weathering processes -
as is the case with many of the Tertiary porphyry Cu
deposits of northern Chile.
Instead the enrichment of Ag must be related to
volcanic-related processes.
Recent studies of melt inclusions have shown that the
magmas at Cerro Rico were highly fractionated and
enriched in incompatible elements such as Ag and Sn.
However, fractionation alone is unlikely to account for
the unusual abundance of silver at Cerro Rico.
Critically, the combination of accurate dating and
the use of stable isotopes –
both based upon excellent field and petrographic
observations –
allowed us to observe that the mineralizing episode
was protracted, by comparison to other deposits related
to processes in the upper parts of volcanoes.
Our studies suggest that it was this exceptional
duration of magma-related hydrothermal activity
that was perhaps the critical factor.
It is probable that this was sustained by multiple
injections of fractionated Ag-enriched magma from
a deep reservoir into a high level magma chamber
underlying Cerro Rico -
(Au & Ag treasure chests - well protected)
This work has now been accepted for publication in
Economic Geology -
and has also been the subject of an article in -
the last issue of NERC’s public bulletin -
Planet Earth.
DEVELOPMENTS IN UNDERSTANDING LASER-INDUCED S ISOTOPE
FRACTIONATION -
Laser heating of sulfides in the presence of O2 -
a technique pioneered by ICSF and SUERC -
with part funding from NSS capital budget -
is the most commonly used method of in situ sulfur
isotope analysis.
Previous work indicated that a small, but reproducible
fractionation of 34S/32S exists between the product
SO2 gas, and the mineral.
The magnitude of this fractionation varies with bond
strength, as reflected in Gibbs free energy of formation.
The correction factors are known for common sulfides
and anhydrite, but not hitherto for stibnite and
the sulfosalt minerals, which are important constituents
of many classes of ore deposits.
In our paper with Dr. Thomas Wagner
(University of Tübingen:
Wagner et al, 2002 - see Publication List)
the correlation of ΔGo298 with the laser correction
factor for the sulfosalts fits well with the trend
previously established for simple sulfides.
There is an excellent correlation between the
fractionation factor and mineral composition,
a parameter that does result in bond strength
variations (e.g. mole fraction of PbS in sulfosalts),
allowing estimation of the correction factors for
simple intermediate compositions.
Finally, bond strength also varies with variation
in inter-atomic distances, and we have therefore
investigated the behaviour of stibnite, a strongly
anisotropic mineral.
Our results indicate that there is a significant
variation in fractionation factor depending on
crystal orientation.
The fractionation factor along the prismatic b-axis,
which displays the strongest chemical bonds
(as monitored by the shortest bond lengths),
is more negative (-1.7‰) than along the other
crystallographic directions (-0.7‰ to -1.0‰),
in full agreement with theoretical predictions.
Reviewing the manuscript, Prof. Mike McKibben
(UC Riverside) said of the paper “…..it
develops a very useful analysis and discussion
of the significant effects of bond strength,
solid-solution composition, and crystallographic
orientation on the mineral-gas isotopic
fractionation that is observed during laser
ablation and isotopic analysis.”
Output
I have a strong commitment to the public dissemination
of data, particularly through publication in
peer-reviewed journals.
I thank the many colleagues and their students who have
worked with me through ICSF over the years.
Scottish Universities -
Research Centre -
Rankine Avenue,
Scottish Enterprise Technology Park
East Kilbride G75 0QF,
Scotland, UK
Franklin Mining was the first US mining company received
a Cerro Rico mining agreement -
FMNJ has received the trust of the COMIBOL -
Note.
the Cerro Rico is not part of the fed fraud -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP2JpY-J8MA
God Bless America
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=14357877
http://www.franklinmining.com/currentprojects.html
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=26829201
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5406
Ps.
Barron's arguing in favor of a Gold Standard! -
Despite the lack of buying in India -
after oiltanker's anchor ripping out IT-service -
the selling by central banks and the IMF, and other
manipulations of the market, gold is above $900 and
the ETF's holdings are at all time highs and growing.
And, Barron's is running a series on why the gold standard
is not such a bad idea.
Could pm's be in for another run up now that the mainstream
is getting on board?
Monday February 18. 2008
Barron's
Economic Beat
"Greenspan Was Right: The Case for Gold, Part I -
By GENE EPSTEIN
"UNDER THE GOLD STANDARD," observed Alan Greenspan in a
1966 essay, "a free banking system stands as the protector
of an economy's stability and balanced growth."
As you probably heard, a serious bout of instability caused
by major imbalances currently plagues the U.S. economy.
So a free banking system under the gold standard must be
just what the economy needs, if Greenspan had it right.
In that same essay, the future Fed chairman saw another
key advantage to a gold standard.
While taxing and borrowing against future taxes were
the conventional ways government raised revenue,
the abandonment of gold permitted a third way:
"chronic deficit spending" effectively financed by
the "unlimited expansion of credit."
A gold standard would end that abuse.
But adoption of gold is not exactly high on the world's agenda.
Accordingly, this first installment in my two-part case
for gold began with Alan Greenspan's oft-cited essay
(called "Gold and Economic Freedom") for a strategic reason.
Atlantic.com blogger Megan McCardle was wrong to call
the gold standard a "terrible idea." But she was obviously
right to point out that "so few economists [are] willing
to raise their voices in support of" any version of
a gold standard.
It might therefore help to remind readers that the most
respected Federal Reserve chairman ever raised his voice
in just this way as a seasoned economist of 40, in an
essay that was brief but mainly focused on
the right arguments.
Also, Alan Greenspan's 2007 memoir, The Age of Turbulence,
adds to the case for gold, while incidentally helping
to suggest why "so few economists" are gold advocates.
The long-standing alternative to gold is, after all,
the central banking system, in whose service more than a
few economists have found tangible career benefits.
That may help explain why The Age of Turbulence never
mentions the main point that Greenspan himself made in
"Gold and Economic Freedom":
that gold would protect the economy from the instability
of business cycles.
In fact, nowhere does he mention the essay itself.
We can only conjecture about the omission in a book that
is supposed to chronicle his intellectual development,
and which otherwise mentions gold.
I conjecture that he found the argument an affront to
his career as a central banker.
Indeed, the same essay he buries down the memory hole
aggressively indicts the Federal Reserve for playing
a destabilizing role. We can regard the 1966 essay
as representing his most recent thought to date on
this point, since nothing else is available.
The Age of Turbulence does make an additional point in favor
of gold not mentioned in that original essay:
that a gold standard would prevent price inflation.
In the most disturbing, and valuable, section of this book,
Greenspan sees an end to the era of tame price increases,
beginning around 2030.
He points out, first, that the benign
"disinflationary pressures" from economies like that of
China will have played out by then.
And at the same time, inflationary pressures could be
intensified by the fiscal "tsunami" brought on
by retiring baby boomers.
He affirms that gold would check price inflation, referring
to the "gold standard's inherent price stability."
So why not support gold for this important reason?
It turns out that, while the Greenspan of 1966 objected
to chronic deficits financed by "an unlimited expansion
of credit," the Greenspan of 2007 now accepts that
very thing.
"I have long since acquiesced in the fact that the gold
standard does not readily accommodate the widely accepted
...view of the appropriate functions of government,"
he candidly admits -- namely, the "propensity of Congress
to create benefits for constituents without specifying
the means by which they are to be funded."
But to accept the government's power "to create
benefits...without specifying the means by which they are
to be funded" is effectively to endorse the government's
right to finance its operations, not just through taxing
and borrowing, but through the unilateral creation of
money and credit.
On this point, gold advocate George Reisman observes:
"When the government need not obtain its funds from the
people, but instead can supply the people with funds, it
can no longer easily be viewed as deriving its powers
and rights from the people."
So let us repeat Alan Greenspan's three main arguments
for gold.
A gold standard will protect the economy from --
1) the business cycles that have long burdened it and
2) the rapid price inflation that Greenspan sees as
a future plague.
It also will
3) prevent the government from raising funds through
the unilateral expansion of money and credit that
Greenspan used to regard as a plague on our freedom.
What more overwhelming case can possibly be imagined?
For part 2 on this subject, read next week's column."
Thanks for those links on the Green span bob it proves
this paper shorting of the metal, and in the not to
distant future , one large default could bust this up.
I doubt they can ever make a large physical deliver
on the outside it would expose it all, but it could
happen, hope to see more people going with the gg etc -
Judge for yourself and then decide whether you wish to join the strike.
WE ARE CHANGE!!!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP2JpY-J8MA
Ron Paul wants to organize a strike on July 4th
http://www.alexjonesfan58.com/mp3/20080212_alexjones_ronpaul.mp3
A King's Ransom in Precious Metals Seems to Have Disappeared ? -
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=26752674
the fraudsters can't keep anchor out all gold buyers forever? -
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7222411.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7228315.stm
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=26593002
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/read_msg.asp?message_id=26682045
http://investorshub.advfn.com/boards/board.asp?board_id=5404
Imo. Tia.
God Bless America
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