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The Legend of Coffee
There are a number of different stories as to the origin of coffee and how it was discovered.
Though nobody knows for sure, the most common story is about a goat-herd named Kaldi who lived in Eastern Africa, most likely modern day Ethiopia, in or around the year 500 AD.
This goatherd noted that some of his goats, after feeding on an evergreen bush with red berries, began acting strangely. They seemed to become very active and vivacious. Curious about their behavior, Kaldi picked some of the berries and tasted them. He found that they invigorated him and made him more awake.
Coffee Timeline
Prior to 1000 AD
History tells us that other Africans, from the same era as the Kaldi legend, fueled themselves upon protein-rich coffee and animal fat balls and unwound with wine made from the coffee-berry pulp.
c. 1000 AD
The drinking of coffee soon spread to Arabia, most likely by Arab traders, and by the end of the 9th Century, a drink known as "qahwa" (literally meaning "that which prevents sleep") was being made by boiling beans.
1453
Coffee is introduced to Constantinople (later Istanbul) by the Ottoman Turks. The world's first coffee shop, Kiva Han, opens there in 1475. Turkish law makes it legal for a woman to divorce her husband if he fails to provide her with a daily quota of coffee.
c. 1600
Coffee, introduced to the West by Italian traders, grabs attention in high places. In Italy, Pope Clement VIII is urged by his advisers to consider the favorite drink of the Ottoman Empire part of the infidel threat. One sip, however, and he decides to baptize it instead, making it an acceptable Christian beverage.
1607
Captain John Smith helps to found the colony of Virginia at Jamestown; it is believed that he introduced coffee to North America.
1645
First coffee house opens in Italy.
1690
With a coffee plant smuggled out of the Arab port of Mocha, the Dutch become the first to transport and cultivate coffee commercially, in Ceylon - and in their East Indian colony of Java, source of the brew's nickname.
1713
The Dutch unwittingly provide Louis XIV of France with a coffee bush whose descendants will produce the entire western coffee industry when in 1723 French naval officer Bariel Mathieu deClieu steals a seedling and transports it to Martinique. Within 50 years an official survey records 19 million coffee trees on Martinique. Eventually 90 percent of the world's coffee spreads from this plant.
1727
The Brazilian coffee industry gets its start when Lieutenant Colonel Francisco de Melo Palheta is sent by his government to arbitrate a border dispute between the French and Dutch colonies in Guiana. Not only does he settle the dispute, he also strikes up a secret liaison with the wife of French Guiana's governor. Although France guarded its new world coffee plantations to prevent cultivation from spreading, the lady said goodbye to Palheta with a bouquet in which she hid cuttings and fertile seeds of coffee.
1732
Johann Sebastian Bach composes his Kaffee Kantate.
1733
The Boston Tea Party makes drinking coffee a patriotic duty in America.
1815
Coffee beans were first planted in The Hawaiian Islands by Kamehameha the Great's Spanish interpreter and Physician Don Francisco de Paula y Marin. Marin's plantings were unsuccessful.
1825
Coffee was successfully introduced into Hawaii when in 1825 King Kamehameha II and his wife, and a royal party that included Governor Boki of Oahu, made a state visit to England. The party was beset with measles and the King and Queen both died. While bringing the bodies back to Hawaii, Governor Boki stopped in Rio de Janeiro to pick up a number of coffee plants. After returning to Hawaii and having John Wilkinson, a former West Indian planter, plant the trees, the planting stock for the Hawaiian Islands had begun.
1827
After having successfully planted a small field of coffee, Wilkinson died. Others saw the potential of the coffee in the Islands and used seed and cuttings from this small field to begin coffee plantings in other valleys and in other areas around the islands.
1828
Reverend Samuel Ruggles took slips from Wilkinson's field and transported them to Kona making the first plantings at Naole, near Kealakekua Bay. They were planted as ornamental garden plants.
1842
The first commercial venture to produce coffee occurred not in Kona, but in Hanalei on the island of Kauai. In 1845 the venture exported the first 245 pounds of coffee ever from Hawaii, but labor shortages, a drought and a blight put the operation out of our business by 1855.
1870
The peak in coffee production on the Big Island of Hawaii happened during this period. Over 415,000 pounds of coffee were exported. Soon after this period, coffee production suffered due to sugar dominance as the Hawaiian crop of choice and the presence of the white scale blight that attacked the coffee crops.
1890
For a short while, interest in commercial coffee cultivation was revived. This was due to the introduction of the Australian ladybird beetle that effectively controlled white blight and the political changes that made more coffee production land available.
1899
The world coffee market crashes.
1900
Hills Bros. begins packing roast coffee in vacuum tins.
1900
Between 1900 and 1945 donkeys were used as basic transportation in Kona, especially for transporting 100-pound bags of ripe coffee cherry out of the rugged coffee lands up or down to the main road for transport to coffee mills. Dubbed "Kona Nightingales" because of their musical braying, the noble donkey played a vital role in the Kona coffee industry.
1901
The first soluble instant coffee is invented.
1903
German coffee importer Ludwig Roselius turns over a batch of ruined coffee beans to researchers, who perfect the process of removing caffeine from the beans without destroying the flavor.
1906
George Constant Washington, an English chemist notices a powdery condensation forming on the spout of his silver coffee carafe. After experimentation, he creates the first mass-produced instant coffee.
1940
The US imports 70 percent of the world coffee crop.
1994
C. Brewer d.b.a. Royal Kona Coffee, Kona Kai Farms, Hawaiian Isles Kona Coffee Co., and Woolson Tea & Spice d.b.a. Lion Coffee Co., filed federal lawsuits that blocked the trade marking of Kona Coffee. This trademark would have aided Kona coffee growers in the battle to combat counterfeiting.
1995
US Customs indicts Koa Kai Farms for counterfeiting Kona coffee
1997
Koa Coffee Plantation opens its doors! The State of Hawaii Department of Agriculture began certifying all Hawaiian coffees by origin (island - district). 100% green Kona coffees are certified and graded on a very strict scale.
1997-98
Hawaiian Isles and C. Brewer, major blenders of Kona coffee, set up camp in Kona causing a coffee cherry bidding war. Local mills who are proponents of only 100% Kona coffee struggle to match the prices of these mills that offer the higher prices. Subsequently, the price of Kona coffee skyrockets and it became apparent that the Kona blend companies were going to cripple the 100% Kona coffee industry. During the previous year a small minority of Kona coffee purists launched a class action lawsuit against several mainland coffee companies who allegedly purchased fraudulent Kona coffee from Kona Kai Farms. The suit targeted several faithful and long time customers and roasters of 100% Kona coffee. Starbucks who purchased a minimal amount of this fraudulent coffee immediately paid a claim of fifteen thousand dollars and vowed never again to buy Kona coffee. Needless to say, this lawsuit has had a devastating effect of potential customers of 100% Kona coffee and has made matters even worse for the hard working local mills trying to sell their high priced 100% Kona coffee.
http://hawaiianregionalcoffees.com/history.asp
My stepdaughter was a 'baby dragon'.
Now she is not:
She has passed her tests at Army AIT Chem Corp Ft Leonard Wood Mo for Indiana National Guard.
Hey WB ! Miss you too ! Been having fun bottom fishing. 
$SPX Chart:
They look like cool rides. I'll have to try them out. I did Disneys
Summit Plummet. It's the longest, tallest, fastest water slide on record. It took about 90 mins. to climb the stairs and 30 seconds to slide straight down from 12 stories high. It was the scariest thing I ever did. Loved it !!!
Nice looking Bud can but the great taste of beer comes in a bottle
Congrats to your stepdaughter!!! You must be very proud.
4 pictures - assorted - comments:
Holiday World [Indiana] officials announced today the largest single-ride investment in the park’s history — a water coaster that will be the world’s longest when it opens in May 2012.
The ride —called Mammoth — comes at a price of $9 million for the Santa Claus, Ind., park, which celebrates its 65th birthday today with the announcement of the ride.
The ride will span 1,753 feet and cover three acres in Splashin’ Safari, bringing the water park’s size to 30 acres. It will stand at a height of 69 feet from lowest to highest drop and feature six drops — including a first drop of 53 feet at a 45-degree angle.
Mammoth will include 10 six-passenger boats with individual seatbacks, meaning passengers could face forwards, backwards or sideways. Its speed and ride time will be determined during testing next spring.
It will begin with a conveyor ride up the coaster’s lift hill before the first, five-story drop and continue into additional hills, dark, enclosed sections and twists and turns.
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Anheuser-Busch InBev NV is redesigning the Budweiser can for the first time in a decade, seeking to reinvigorate sales of the storied brew / Budweiser's New Can:
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Everybody. My stepdaughter passed her PT's (physical training) at AIT (advance individual training)(Cem Corps) this morning at Ft Leonard Wood Mo. Must have been around 5 & 6 AM. [Tuesday 2nd]. She is the one in the Indiana Army National Guard. She passed Basic Training last summer at Ft Jackson Sc between here jr & sr years of high school. We are going to give her a break from the end to end she's had to do and go to 2nd semester college in January. She is the one in the National Guard.
My step-daughter this morning [Wednesday 3rd] goes into a gas chamber naked with nerve agents - just so she will know what it's like - as well as know how it is to be handled that way being decontaminated.
Her Batallion: The Dragons:
Her Platoon: Gunslingers:
fofu Volume: 110,124
Bid Ask
0.095 0.11
here is also a chart for yall
Recently, the Company announced the signing of an engagement Letter with Carroll Energy to prepare the preliminary Geological reports needed to drill 15 new wells on the properties Force Fuels acquired. This program will require reserve analysis, geological evaluations, reservoir mapping, historical production analysis, and log interpretations. These services will include well completion, work over services, roustabout services, and general field construction services.
Bring it Stoney. Happy to have another popper cork.
Damn, SUGO is down at this level? Cheap
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