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09/21/13 11:53 AM

#141665 RE: cjgaddy #136858

9-9-13 Qtly CC Transcript, PR (Financials/Devs Q1FY14/qe7-31-13), and the updated Avid Revenues History Table By Quarter (May’06-Current)…

This large post has 3 sections:
I. 9-9-13 Q1/FY14 Qtly. Earnings Conf. Call TRANSCRIPT (q/e 7-31-13)
II. 9-9-13 PPHM Press Release: Q1/FY14 Earnings & Developments
III. Updated Table of Avid Revenues By Quarter (May’06-Current)
…Recall: Peregrine’s FY runs May-Apr, so FY’14 = May’13-Apr’14.

((( Orig. transcript from SeekingAlpha.com [ http://tinyurl.com/olhau2g ], with numerous corrections made. )))
Link to webcast replay: http://ir.peregrineinc.com/eventdetail.cfm?eventid=134276

FULL TRANSCRIPT…
9-9-2013 Q1 FY’14 Earnings Conf. Call (q/e 7-31-13)
WELCOME & FWD-LOOKING STATEMENTS: Jay Carlson (IR) http://www.peregrineinc.com
Speakers: Steve King, Jeff Hutchins, Joe Shan, Paul Lytle; Q&A session.

CEO Steve King – OPENING COMMENTS:
This quarter, we were very active on multiple fronts including research, clinical, and manufacturing. Our key focus is to advance the bavituximab clinical program, building on recent promising clinical data as well as the exciting data showing that bavituximab primarily works through an immune-stimulating mechanism of action.

Most of this data is set for print publishing in October, but is already available online through the publisher's website, prompting our news release today [9-9-13: “Data Supporting Bavituximab's Immunotherapy MOA Published in the Peer-Reviewed AACR Journal Cancer Immunology Research” http://ir.peregrineinc.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=789492 ]. These results have spurred new preclinical research activities that include exploring exciting new combinations and different ways to use bavituximab. In particular, the new mechanism data has sparked interest from both academic & industry collaborators to explore combinations with other immunotherapy agents not previously considered. Dr. Hutchins will talk more about our ongoing efforts in this area, including highlights from his recent presentation at the Immunotherapy Congress on August [8-13-13: PPHM/VP Dr. Jeff Hutchins’ Presentation on the Downstream Immunostimulatory Effects/Moa of PS-targeting antibodies (like Bavi) at CHI’s “Immunotherapies Congress”/Boston http://tinyurl.com/m6h2tvt ] during his discussion later in the call.

Over the last few months, we have been building on the excitement created by the immunotherapy mechanism data and have been actively engaging scientists and key opinion leaders in the field of immunology, with the goal of engaging their expertise as we advance the bavituximab program. We have been extremely pleased as to how these data have been received and the enthusiasm exhibited from the potential of bavituximab. We are looking forward to continuing these activities and supplementing these discussions with preclinical data for ongoing studies expected to come out in the next few months.

In addition to the immunotherapy research, there has been significant interest in the results presented at ASCO showing an 84% tumor response rate in HER2-negative breast cancer patients [6-3-13: ASCO’13/interim data, n=14: ORR=85%, 2 CR’s (15%) http://tinyurl.com/kq3uv4e ], highlighting the potential of bavituximab in this difficult-to-treat indication. Of course, our key company goal remains initiating the Phase III 2nd-Line NSCLC study, which we have named the ”SUNRISE” trial (Stimulating ImmUne RespoNse thRough BavItuximab in a PhaSE III Lung Cancer Study), by year end - lots of activities on the clinical front that Joe Shan will cover during his prepared remarks.

While moving forward on the science front, we have continued to see strong performance from our contract mfg. business, Avid Bioservices, with another good revenue quarter. All of this while strengthening our cash position, which allows us to advance our programs toward upcoming milestones, while we continue to engage in active partnering discussions for both our bavituximab and Cotara programs. Paul will talk about these developments during his prepared remarks. With that, I'll now turn the call over to Dr. Jeff Hutchins.

JEFF HUTCHINS (VP/Preclinical Research):
This has been a busy & exciting time for the preclinical group as bavituximab's new mechanistic findings have enhanced the way we are thinking about the future development of this novel drug candidate. From a preclinical perspective, our mandate was to chart a translational path that would best leverage these results within the most efficient timeframe and yielding definitive results for consideration in further clinical development.

Beginning in June, we executed the first studies within an intensive preclinical program that utilizes a team comprised of Peregrine & academic scientists. These initial studies could provide preclinical proof-of-concept support for the clinical development of bavituximab in combination with other immunotherapy drugs, much in the same way as we have seen with the complementary immunostimulatory combination with docetaxel. These ongoing studies are expected to read out over the next several months, with potential to generate the necessary data to further our clinical investigations.

In addition, we are leveraging our ongoing IST’s to provide translational clinical data reflective of the preclinical findings. For example, as part of our Liver IST [UTSW/Dr.Yopp: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01264705 ], we are collecting patient tissue samples with the goal of assessing changes in cytokines that could help us understand bavituximab's moa in patients.

Over the last few months, I have had chance to present these data to scientific leaders, investigators, and most recently, to the immunotherapy industry leaders at Cambridge Health Institute's Immunotherapy Congress in August [8-13-13: PPHM/VP Dr. Jeff Hutchins’ Presentation on the Downstream Immunostimulatory Effects/Moa of PS-targeting antibodies (like Bavi) at CHI’s “Immunotherapies Congress”/Boston http://tinyurl.com/m6h2tvt ]. The interest & response from these interactions has been overwhelmingly positive, opening up many new collaborative opportunities that we will explore. We have now begun to appropriately insert ourselves into the very exciting and topical immunotherapy discussion. As such, you can expect to see us at scientific venues in the coming months as we continue to share these exciting data to the scientific community.

In parallel with these efforts, our academic collaborators have been actively pursuing a publication strategy to showcase these data. Their success has been realized with the publication of a manuscript in the AACR's peer-reviewed journal, Cancer Immunology Research [9-9-13: “Data Supporting Bavituximab's Immunotherapy MOA Published in the Peer-Reviewed AACR Journal Cancer Immunology Research” http://ir.peregrineinc.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=789492 ]. This journal's aim is to report major advances in cancer immunology that span multiple disciplines within the oncology research community. Overall, these data have already garnered a great deal of interest in the immunology community. We look forward to updating you on potential developments in that area, apprising you of preclinical development decisions, and expanding the immunology discussion in the coming months.

JOE SHAN (VP/Clin.&Reg. Affairs) – CLINICAL TRIALS:
The clinical activities during the quarter focused on preparations for the start of our pivotal Phase III trial in NSCLC and supporting the preclinical proof-of-concept program that Jeff just outlined for you. The Phase III trial is named ”SUNRISE”, an acronym which stands for “Stimulating ImmUne RespoNse thRough BavItuximab in a PhaSE III Lung Cancer Study”. SUNRISE is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-ctl’d trial evaluating bavituximab+docetaxel, vs. docetaxel+placebo in approx. 600 patients at over 100 clinical sites worldwide. These sites will enroll patients with Stage IIIb or IV, non-squamous, NSCLC who have progressed after std. front-line treatment. Patients will be randomized into 1 of 2 treatment arms. One treatment arm will receive up to 6 21-day cycles of docetaxel at 75/mg in combination with 3mg/kg of bavituximab weekly until progression or toxicity. The other treatment arm will also receive the same docetaxel regimen but in combination with placebo, weekly until progression or toxicity. The primary endpoint of the trial will be overall survival. Secondary endpoints include PFS and ORR based on immune-related response criteria, given our current understanding of the action mechanism. In addition, we plan to collect exploratory biomarker samples that may support & enhance our understanding of bavituximab's immune MOA in the clinic. There's increasing rationale for combining bavituximab and docetaxel as not only as a std. treatment for 2nd-Line NSCLC that increases PS - docetaxel also decreases immunosuppressive cells known as myeloid derived suppressor cells, which could complement bavituximab's immune mechanism, as Jeff described earlier.

SUNRISE will also have an independent data monitoring committee that will assess safety on an ongoing basis, as well as the planned interim & final efficacy analysis. Over the coming weeks, our team will be working towards selecting investigators, obtaining regulatory approvals with global health authorities, ethics committees and clinical trial sites and finalizing necessary operational details to initiate the trial by year end.

As Steve mentioned, we are making the necessary additions to both internal headcount as well as outsourcing partners to ensure a well-executed program. While our immediate clinical focus is on executing the SUNRISE trial, we are continuing to work closely with the preclinical group as the potential immunotherapeutic applications of bavituximab are both exciting & numerous. We anticipate some of the ongoing ISTs may begin to yield some immune correlative data over the coming months and look forward to providing updates as soon as they become available.

CFO Paul Lytle:
Let me spend the next few moments to cover a few financial highlights and our related financial goals. As Joe just emphasized, our clinical & regulatory teams are extremely busy with advancing bavituximab into Phase III development for the treatment of 2nd-Line lung cancer, representing a major market opportunity. And to achieve these goals, we are carefully managing our resources and our various sources of capital, including the capital generated from our contract mfg. business. During the recent qtr, our contract mfg. business, Avid Bioservices, generated just over $4.5mm in contract mfg. revenue. This is a solid start to FY'14, and we expect contract mfg. revenue for the entire FY'14 to be $18-$22 million based on current commitments. Along with the work being done for our 3rd-party clients, Avid continues to be instrumental in providing drug supply for the bavituximab Phase III trial while also preparing bavituximab for potential commercialization.

Now turning to our cash position. We continued to maintain a balanced financial approach, ending the qtr. with $41.6mm in cash compared to $35.2mm in cash at FYE April 30, 2013. This provides us sufficient capital to fund our operations through at least Q1/FY’15 based on our current financial projections, giving us the needed flexibility to initiate the upcoming Phase III trial and 2nd-Line lung cancer while strengthening our position as we evaluate other opportunities, including ongoing partnering discussions. We look forward to keeping you updated on our progress, and we will now open the call up for your questions.

Q&A: [14:10 mark]
1. Joe Pantginis – Roth Capital Partners: [ http://www.roth.com & https://roth2.bluematrix.com/docs/pdf/BLUE.pdf ]
JP: First, with regard to your stated goals of starting the SUNRISE study before the end of the year, and then you also say that you're partnering discussions remain active, how tied together or not are these 2 different goals? Do you require a partner to be in place prior to the start of the study? Or can you start the study independently?
SK: I think we've put ourselves in position where it's our intention to go ahead and be able to start the clinical study and to, in fact, complete the clinical study, if necessary, on our own. Our fore-stated goal is to continue the partnering discussions. Obviously, it is a driver for many of the partners to potentially be involved in the Phase III trial, in the operation of the Phase III trial, so it becomes a positive from a partnering standpoint. But we also recognize that we want to be able to control what we can control, and right now, we can control getting that trial up and running and executing it – I think we have a good solid team in place, brought onboard some individuals with significant experience in running Phase III clinical trials; of course, a lot of experience on the regulatory side as well. So I think we're in a good position to execute on the clinical study, continue those partnering discussions and hopefully, under the right deal terms, be able to bring those 2 things together.
JP: I want to have a little bit of an immunotherapy discussion regarding the SUNRISE trial and especially after your growing database in today's publication in the AACR journal. The way Joe described the study is that you're going to be giving bavi in these patients until progression or toxicity. Is that what I heard correctly?
Joe Shan: Yes, that's pretty standard. So basically, it's a maintenance phase after the patients receive the maximum cycles of chemotherapy.
JP: So, the nuance that I wanted to bring up here is, if you were to consider the guidance that the FDA had previously written regarding immunotherapy approaches, regarding progressive disease and also, clinical experience for drugs like YERVOY, for example, where you would see potential progression followed by regression. I was just wondering, are you looking to have some sort of monitoring of or education of the physicians based on these new immunological data that you're finding here, where you might see progression in patients, but that you'd leave it enough time for the immune system to act?
Joe Shan: Actually, yes, we have incorporated that feature into the protocol. We will be utilizing the immune-related response criteria and building inexpensive training. We'll also have some central radiology interpretation as well.
JP: Would you basically tell physicians almost directly, you're almost paraphrasing what's in the FDA guidance for the industry to say, ‘don't necessarily rush to take your patients off therapy, because of the delayed separation of Kaplan-Meier curves’. That's the nuance I'm sort of looking for.
Joe Shan: Yes, that's describing the criteria that I mentioned.
Joseph Pantginis - Roth Capital Partners, LLC, Research Division
JP: As part of the Phase III, are you planning to have an interim analysis?
Joe Shan: Yes, we are.
JP: Are you disclosing at the time point of enrollment or events?
Joe Shan: Not at this point.

2. George Zavoico (MLV): [ 2-8-10 coverage init: http://tinyurl.com/yech7gz ]
GZ: A couple of questions about SUNRISE. Are you going to be using a lot of the same sites that you used for the Phase IIb trial to help accelerate getting the trial going?
Joe Shan: Yes, absolutely. We're looking at leveraging experience. Yes, I think some of the sites will be able to come up and get activated a little bit faster because they have prior experience. Some other sites might have other competing trials, but that's definitely in the strategy, leveraging, yes.
GZ: In that regard, can you provide any guidance as to how long you project the enrollment may take and how long the whole trial may take?
Joe Shan: I think we've stated previously that our goal is to get a trial that can be done and enrolled in 2 years' time. So, we are monitoring that and selecting the best sites that we can to achieve not only that enrollment rate but also get the highest quality possible. And kind of to the other question, but, Joe, making sure we get as many sites that are really familiar with immunotherapy. I mean, that's important, too.
GZ: Can you guide as to how much you might expect the trial to cost?
Paul Lytle: Yes. Generally, in Phase III trials, George, it’s about $100,000 a patient. So it's 600 patients, you're looking at around $60mm. That being said, these costs are going to be spread over a pretty long period of time with the 2-year enrollment, probably a 1-year follow-up. And then you even have longer periods of time in terms of other costs that come out of the trial. So those are probably going to be spread out over 3.5, 4 years' period.
GZ: In that regard, Paul, you mentioned a sort of balanced financial approach - you've clearly used the ATM. Are you considering as well, last year, you tried a debt offering, which unfortunately didn't work because of what happened with the mixed-up arms of the trial. Avid is clearly a revenue-generating arm. Maybe you could leverage some debt off of that?
Paul Lytle: Yes. our goal has always been to look at non-dilutive capital for the company. Looking at a term loan or some type of leverage debt makes a lot of sense, assuming it doesn't have to be paid back in a relatively short period of time. So longer payment terms, maybe something that get you past kind of the Phase III readout. Obviously, leveraging Avid is key. So I think looking at those type of options, obviously revenue growth, looking at potentially new services that Avid could offer, expanding that revenue offerings and potential is also going to be a key driver for the company. And then obviously, we go back to the equity markets when we need to, to maintain a balanced financial approach so that we can meet our commitments and meet our timelines based on what we've laid out.
GZ: One last question with regard to SUNRISE. It looks like essentially, apart from perhaps looking at new biomarkers, how different, other than, of course, the number of sites and the number of patients, is it going to be from the Phase IIb trial? Any other differences?
Joe Shan: It's very similar. And we're only looking at one dose level of bavituximab, and that's really the only difference. And then, of course, the sample size. By design, the Phase III is a confirmatory statistical exercise, so I think that gives us the best chance of replicating on what we think we saw in the clinical data off from the Phase II in a larger patient experience.
GZ: You mentioned in your prepared remarks, that you're going to be looking at the cytokines and tumor samples. Some of the other markers you looked at that were published today look very interesting. Are you going to be able to do that as well, for example, confirming the macrophage phenotype switch?
Jeff Hutchins: George, that's certainly our goal. We're looking at the quality of those samples first, but certainly the goal is to look at MDSC levels, macrophage, whether it's an M1 or an M2 switch during time. And it is quite nice that we do have before-treatment and after-treatment samples. So we feel like we're well positioned to make those kind of measurements.
GZ: So there'll essentially be 2 biopsy samples, before and after treatment?
Jeff Hutchins: If it's regarding the SUNRISE, no.
Joe Shan: In SUNRISE, they're going to be exploratory, and they're not going to be tissue-based necessarily.
SK: George, we’ve got of a lot of things going on with our clinical studies, so we have a number of ISTs that have been ongoing. I think that Jeff was referring to is the fact that we have been collecting tissue biopsy samples from some of those [IST] studies like liver cancer study or rectal cancer study that's been built into the trial as well. So, those are things that we can do now. Those tissue samples have been collected, and based on the appropriateness, we can now look for some of these phenotype changes and macrophages and other cell types associated with bavituximab therapy. As far as the kind of go-forward plan, one of our other stated goals is to really potentially look at some combinations with other immunotherapies. Of course, in those clinical trials, we would want to build in the ability to collect tissue samples to further validate in the clinical setting what we've seen so nicely in the preclinical study that was published today. But as far as SUNRISE trial, we obviously don't want to add a lot of complexities into our Phase III, and tissue biopsies certainly fall under that category. So, we’ll be looking at things like potentially peripheral blood and things that are easy to collect and look at from a clinical setting. So, taken altogether, we've got a lot of opportunities to generate data over the coming months that, will, again, further help corroborate what we're seeing in a clinical setting with what we saw in the preclinical setting but also really helps guide the program into some exciting new combinations.

3. Charles Duncan – Piper Jaffray [http://www.piperjaffray.com – 3-5-13 Initiates PPHM: http://tinyurl.com/bxhntk3 ]
CD: First of all, congratulations on a nice article in Cancer Immunology today. Many of my questions were asked, but perhaps I could ask a few more details on SUNRISE. With regard to statistics, I'm wondering what you're assuming in terms of kind of a clinical benefit that kind of drives the size of the trial? If you could help us out with those powering assumptions.
Joe Shan: I think we've guided in the past that we haven't released the exact hazard ratio under powering for, but we powered it for about a 2 months' difference in MOS. It's pretty typical, and we're talking in the hazard ratio range of between .75 and...
CD: You said 2 months, Joe?
Joe Shan: 2 months, yes, for median point estimate.
CD: I know you're not really disclosing the details around the interim analysis, but can I assume that to occur at roughly 50-60% of the events. And also, do you accommodate an adaptive design? Is there any way to change the sizing of the trial prospectively?
Joe Shan: The way the trial is designed and agreed upon by the FDA is not adaptive in nature in terms of sample size re-estimation. It's a pretty standard, classic, pivotal sample trial design, I think something the agency is very familiar and comfortable with. Your assumption about the interim analysis is pretty close, so...
CD: Also, in terms of the % of patients, I guess one of the risks that I've seen in some other lung cancer trials is % of patients here in the States vs. other areas of the world and being able to control whether or not a patient really is at Stage IIIb or IV. I know you've given some thought to that. What are the % that you'd like to see in terms of the # of patients? And then how do you control or how do you plan to control for patients actually coming in at a later stage of lung cancer?
Joe Shan: Without going into too much detail, I mean, there's several design features, including the way we stratify our randomization to ensure some balance. Obviously, it's a large enough study that a lot of prognostic variables should balance out, like age or gender, for example. There are other features both from the randomization standpoint, as well as we can control capping in the amount of patients from any particular country or region. and that's something that we have some control over. So again, earlier, our goal is 2-year enrollment. Of course, we're going to see how that goes. If there's a particular region that's enrolling much faster than others, that's something we'll evaluate along the way. So yes, there's several features that we've incorporated early into the trial design and execution plan.
CD: My final question is on collaboration. I realized that, as Paul said, you can start and possibly finish this trial with the capital resources you have. But it seems to me that there is potential for collaboration whose interest might have increased since all the immunotherapy focus in ASCO. Has there been an increase in bavituximab since then? And what is the feedback? And then finally, is Cotara still on the table as a potential source of collaboration?
SK: Yes, Cotara's essentially on the table as a good collaborative discussion point with potential partners so that certainly, there is another source of partnering activity. I would characterize it as a tremendous amount of interest with the new immunotherapy mechanism data. I think there's a lot of collaboration interest with companies that are actually very active in the immunotherapy space because of the nature of our upstream target, the fact that we're going after really a primary endpoint of control in the immune response to the tumor, it really creates a lot of opportunities with these downstream effectors, and of course, PD-1, PDL-1 and CTLA-4 were certainly hot topics at ASCO. But there are a lot of other opportunities with downstream inhibitors that we think are a great fit with bavituximab. So, yes, I think it just opens up a whole new world of collaboration opportunities well outside just the kind of where we've been historically with chemotherapy and other types of treatment, like radiation, and really opening up a whole bunch of new doors that are really a very intense area of research right now.

MR. KING’S CLOSING COMMENTS:
As you have heard, this is a busy time at Peregrine, with a lot of exciting and promising activities underway. Our goal over the next few months will be to continue to actively engage multiple audiences, the scientific, clinical and investment communities as well as potential partners. The recent bavi immunotherapy data has transformed our thinking about the program, opening up an abundant number of partnering and collaborative opportunities. We look forward to updating you on these activities as we continue preparations to initiate the SUNRISE trial and add value to the company and our shareholders. Thank you.
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9-9-13 PR: Peregrine Pharmaceuticals Reports Q1/FY2014 Financial Results and Recent Developments
Bavituximab Pivotal Phase III Lung Cancer Trial Named "SUNRISE" on Track for Initiation by Calendar Year-End
Bavituximab Pre-Clinical Proof-Of Concept Studies Underway to Support Potential Immunotherapy Combination Trial
Avid Bioservices Quarterly Revenue Tops $4.5 Million
http://ir.peregrineinc.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=789648

TUSTIN, 9/9/13: Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: PPHM), a biopharmaceutical company developing first-in-class monoclonal antibodies focused on the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, today announced financial results for the first quarter of fiscal year (FY) 2014 ended July 31, 2013 and provided an update on its advancing clinical pipeline and other corporate developments.

"We continue to steadily progress the bavituximab clinical program as we prepare to initiate a global Phase III trial by year-end in second-line non-small cell lung cancer. In addition to Phase III preparations, our researchers and external collaborators have undertaken a flurry of preclinical experimentation that will help guide exciting new combinations and therapeutic areas for bavituximab. This activity was spurred on by recent data showing that bavituximab works by harnessing the body's natural immune system to fight cancer," said Steven W. King, President and CEO of Peregrine. "Our preclinical development plan is designed to simultaneously look at new indications and therapeutic regimens including new combinations with other immunotherapy agents. Because bavituximab acts on a primary immune system checkpoint, there are an abundance of possible immunotherapy combinations with agents working on further downstream targets. We expect results from these studies over the coming months as we move toward advancing new combinations into the clinic. We look forward to a number of updates on the program as we move through the rest of the year."

BAVITUXIMAB ONCOLOGY PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS

Lead Indication in Second-Line Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer:
• Continued to plan for the initiation of the SUNRISE Trial (Stimulating ImmUne RespoNse thRough BavItuximab in a PhaSE III Lung Cancer Study). ?SUNRISE is a Phase III, global, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of bavituximab in patients with second-line non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Specifically, the trial will evaluate bavituximab plus docetaxel versus docetaxel plus placebo in approximately 600 patients at clinical sites worldwide. Patients with Stage IIIb/IV non-squamous, NSCLC who have progressed after standard front-line treatment are eligible for enrollment. Patients will be randomized into 1 of 2 treatment arms. All patients will receive up to six 21-day cycles of docetaxel at 75 milligrams per meter squared plus weekly infusions of either bavituximab (3mg/kg) or placebo until progression of toxicity. The primary endpoint of the trial will be overall survival. The company anticipates initiating the SUNRISE trial by the end of this calendar year.

Other Oncology Indications:
The company is exploring the potential of bavituximab through a number of investigator-sponsored trials (IST) including:
• A Phase I IST evaluating bavituximab in combination with paclitaxel in up to 14 patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. All patients have been enrolled in this trial with interim data on 13 evaluable patients presented at the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting showing that 85% of patients achieved an objective tumor response, including 15% of patients achieving a complete response measured in accordance with RECIST criteria.

• A Phase I/II IST evaluating bavituximab in combination with sorafenib in up to 48 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). The Phase I portion of the trial has completed patient enrollment with enrollment in the Phase II portion of the trial ongoing.

• A Phase Ib IST evaluating bavituximab in combination with carboplatin and pemetrexed in up to 25 patients with previously untreated Stage IV NSCLC. This trial continues to enroll and dose patients.

• A Phase I IST evaluating bavituximab in combination with capecitabine and radiation therapy in up to 18 patients with Stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma. This trial continues to enroll and dose patients.

BAVITUXIMAB IMMUNOTHERAPY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
This morning, Peregrine announced the publication of a data supporting the immune-stimulatory mechanism of action of phosphatidylserine (PS)-targeting antibodies, such as the company's lead drug candidate bavituximab in the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) peer-reviewed journal, Cancer Immunology Research. In the manuscript titled: "Phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody induces M1 macrophage polarization and promotes myeloid derived suppressor cell differentiation," researchers demonstrated that exposed PS plays a major role in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cellular and cytokine responses in tumors and that PS-targeting antibodies override this primary upstream immune checkpoint, activating multiple downstream immunostimulatory effects, including the conversion of myeloid derived suppressor cells into tumor immunity promoting M1 macrophages and the generation of tumor killing cytotoxic T-cells.

Peregrine is exploring the potential to combine bavituximab with other immunotherapies such as anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 antibodies and has initiated several ongoing pre-clinical proof-of-concept studies to support an immunotherapy combination trial with bavituximab.

IMAGING PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
PS-Targeting Molecular Imaging Program
Peregrine continues to enroll and dose patients in an open-label, single-center trial of its experimental PS-targeting molecular imaging candidate, 124I-PGN650, in patients with various solid tumor types. The primary goal of the trial is to estimate radiation dosimetry in critical and non-critical organs. Secondary objectives of the trial are tumor imaging and safety.

FINANCIAL RESULTS
"Our wholly-owned contract manufacturing subsidiary, Avid Bioservices, continue to perform well, generating over $4.5 million in contract manufacturing revenue in the first quarter of FY 2014, a non-dilutive source of capital. With our current backlog for services, we expect contract manufacturing revenue for the entire FY 2014 to be between $18 and $22 million," said Paul Lytle, CFO of Peregrine. "We also remained focused on seeking potential partners for our bavituximab program while successfully maintaining a balanced financial approach that provides us much flexibility in our ongoing partnering discussions."

Total revenues for the first quarter of FY 2014 were $4,688,000, compared to $4,251,000 for the same quarter of the prior fiscal year. The increase was primarily attributed to an increase in contract manufacturing revenue generated from Avid Bioservices due to an increase in the number of completed manufacturing runs.

Contract manufacturing revenues from Avid's clinical and commercial biomanufacturing services provided to its third-party clients for the first quarter FY 2014 were $4,581,000, compared to $4,135,000 for the same quarter of the prior fiscal year. Peregrine expects contract manufacturing revenues for FY 2014 to be between $18 million and $22 million. In addition to providing biomanufacturing services to its third-party clients, Avid will continue to utilize available capacity and resources to continue its preparation for later stage clinical development and potential commercialization of bavituximab and Cotara.

Total costs and expenses in the first quarter of FY 2014 were $12,308,000, compared to $11,922,000 in the first quarter of FY 2013. This increase was attributable to the current year three-month period increase in the cost of contract manufacturing associated with higher revenues in the current quarter combined with an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses for the first quarter FY 2014 compared to the first quarter of FY 2013 was primarily attributable to increases in share-based compensation expense, payroll and related expenses, and corporate legal fees.

Peregrine's consolidated net loss was $7,600,000, or $0.05 per share, for the first quarter of FY 2014, compared to a net loss of $7,664,000, or $0.07 per share, for the same quarter of the prior year.

Peregrine reported $41,600,000 in cash and cash equivalents as of July 31, 2013, compared to $35,204,000 at fiscal year ended April 30, 2013.

More detailed financial information and analysis may be found in Peregrine's Annual Report on Form 10-Q, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission today. [ http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/704562/000101968713003495/peregrine_10q-073113.htm ]

Conference Call
Peregrine will host a conference call and webcast this afternoon, September 9, 2013, at 4:30 PM EDT (1:30 PM PDT). To listen to the conference call, please dial (877) 312-5443 or (253) 237-1126 and request the Peregrine Pharmaceuticals conference call. A replay of the call will be available starting approximately two hours after the conclusion of the call through September 16, 2013 by calling (855) 859-2056, or (404) 537-3406 and using passcode 37006614. To listen to the live webcast, or access the archived webcast, please visit: http://ir.peregrineinc.com/events.cfm .

ABOUT PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company with a portfolio of innovative monoclonal antibodies in clinical trials focused on the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. The company is pursuing multiple clinical programs in cancer with its lead immunotherapy candidate bavituximab and novel brain cancer agent Cotara®. Peregrine also has in-house cGMP manufacturing capabilities through its wholly-owned subsidiary Avid Bioservices, Inc. ( http://www.avidbio.com ), which provides development and biomanufacturing services for both Peregrine and third-party customers. Additional information about Peregrine can be found at http://www.peregrineinc.com .
Safe Harbor *snip*

PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

THREE MONTHS ENDED
July 31, 2013 July 31, 2012
Unaudited Unaudited
REVENUES:
Contract manufacturing revenue $ 4,581,000 $ 4,135,000
License revenue 107,000 116,000
Total revenues 4,688,000 4,251,000

COSTS AND EXPENSES:
Cost of contract manufacturing 2,670,000 2,024,000
Research and development 5,304,000 6,981,000
Selling, general and administrative 4,334,000 2,917,000
Total costs and expenses 12,308,000 11,922,000
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS (7,620,000 ) (7,671,000 )

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
Interest and other income 21,000 8,000
Interest and other expense (1,000 ) (1,000 )

NET LOSS $ (7,600,000 ) $ (7,664,000 )
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS $ (7,600,000 ) $ (7,664,000 )
WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic and diluted 149,393,630 103,283,937
ASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER COMMON SHARE $ (0.05 ) $ (0.07 )


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
JULY 31, 2013 APRIL 30, 2013 Unaudited
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 41,600,000 $ 35,204,000
Trade and other receivables, net 2,272,000 1,662,000
Inventories 5,679,000 4,339,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net 635,000 709,000
Total current assets 50,186,000 41,914,000
Property and equipment, net 2,448,000 2,678,000
Other assets 689,000 466,000
TOTAL ASSETS $ 53,323,000 $ 45,058,000
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable $ 2,160,000 $ 2,821,000
Accrued clinical trial and related fees 608,000 930,000
Accrued payroll and related costs 3,271,000 3,582,000
Deferred revenue, current portion 4,164,000 4,171,000
Customer deposits 8,528,000 8,059,000
Other current liabilities 1,335,000 998,000
Total current liabilities 20,066,000 20,561,000
Deferred revenue, less current portion 292,000 292,000
Other long-term liabilities 422,000 445,000
Commitments and contingencies

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Preferred stock-$0.001 par value; authorized 5,000,000 shares; non-voting; nil shares outstanding - -
Common stock-$0.001 par value; authorized 325,000,000 shares; outstanding - 153,506,811 and 143,768,946, respectively
153,000 143,000
Additional paid-in capital 407,894,000 391,521,000
Accumulated deficit (375,504,000 ) (367,904,000 )
Total stockholders' equity 32,543,000 23,760,000
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 53,323,000 $ 45,058,000

Contact: Christopher Keenan or Jay Carlson
Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (800) 987-8256 info@peregrineinc.com

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Latest 10K 4-30-13 iss. 7-11-13: http://tinyurl.com/p58jcbw PR: http://tinyurl.com/khpokw6 (Cash 4-30-13=$35.2, 6-30-13=$42.6mm)
Latest 10Q 7-31-13 iss. 9-9-13 http://tinyurl.com/lnvaw3w PR: http://tinyurl.com/q3zooj6 (Cash 7-31-13 $41.6mm)
ALL SEC filings for PPHM: http://tinyurl.com/6d4jw8
.
.
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Updated PPHM REVS-BY-QTR TABLE, now thru FY14/Q1 (q/e 7-31-13), per the 7-31-13 10-Q ( http://tinyurl.com/lnvaw3w ) issued 9-9-13. Deferred-Revs at 7-31-13, going fwd into FY’14/Q2 (q/e 10-31-13), total $4.16mm, down from the $4.17mm of Deferred-Revs at 4-30-13 that drove into FY’14/Q1.
• Total Revs since May’06: ($84.8mm/Avid + $24.1mm/Govt + $2.1mm/Lic.) = $111.0mm
==> Recall, Avid Rev$ from Gov’t DTRA Contract work (6/30/08 – 4/15/11, totaling $24.15mm), went into GOVT-REVS, not AVID-REVS, in the Financials.
Avid’s website: http://www.avidbio.com
 
AVID PROFITABILITY (GROSS*) BY QTR:
QTR Avid-Rev$ CostofMfg$ Gross-Profit$ GM%
FY13Q1 7-31-12 4,135,000 2,024,000 2,111,000 51%
FY13Q2 10-31-12 6,061,000 3,703,000 2,358,000 39%
FY13Q3 1-31-13 6,961,000 3,651,000 3,310,000 47%
FY13Q4 4-30-13 4,176,000 3,217,000 959,000 23%
FY13 TOTAL: 21,333,000 12,595,000 8,738,000 41%
FY14Q1 7-31-13 4,581,000 2,670,000 1,911,000 42%
*Avid Net-Profit (ie, incl. Selling, G&A) not split out from PPHM-Corp. in the financials.
.
PPHM REVENUES (in thousands) DEFERRED
-------REVENUES------- REVENUES INVEN-
Quarter Avid Govt Lic. TOTAL Avid Govt TORIES
FY07Q1 7-31-06 398 0 23 421 317 0 971
FY07Q2 10-31-06 636 0 48 684 1388 0 1899
FY07Q3 1-31-07 347 0 16 363 2202 0 1325
FY07Q4 4-30-07 2111 0 129 2240 1060 0 1916
FY08Q1 7-31-07 1621 0 4 1625 1820 0 2363
FY08Q2 10-31-07 1863 0 29 1892 1338 0 3500
FY08Q3 1-31-08 1662 0 13 1675 1434 0 2394
FY08Q4 4-30-08 751 0 150 901 2196 0 2900
FY09Q1 7-31-08 1193 324 0 1517 4021 980 4628
FY09Q2 10-31-08 983 958 0 1941 6472 1701 6700
FY09Q3 1-31-09 5778 1048 0 6826 4805 3262 5547
FY09Q4 4-30-09 5009 2683 175 7867 3776 3871 4707
FY10Q1 7-31-09 2070 4671 9 6750 5755 2332 6177
FY10Q2 10-31-09 5308 1510 78 6896 4260 3989 5850
FY10Q3 1-31-10 2945 6854 78 9877 3052 76 3861
FY10Q4 4-30-10 2881 1461 78 4420 2406 78 3123
FY11Q1 7-31-10 983 2111 115 3209 3719 47 4692
FY11Q2 10-31-10 3627 966 78 4671 2447 35 3555
FY11Q3 1-31-11 1922 882 79 2883 4300 40 3915
FY11Q4 4-30-11 1970 681 78 2729 5617 0 5284
FY12Q1 7-31-11 5439 0 216 5655 4145 0 4481
FY12Q2 10-31-11 4154 0 78 4232 2012 0 3178
FY12Q3 1-31-12 3203 0 78 3281 2552 0 2722
FY12Q4 4-30-12 1987 0 78 2065 3651 0 3611
FY13Q1 7-31-12 4135 0 116 4251 6056 0 5744
FY13Q2 10-31-12 6061 0 78 6139 6221 0 5426
FY13Q3 1-31-13 6961 0 78 7039 5061 0 4635
FY13Q4 4-30-13 4176 0 78 4254 4171 0 4339
FY14Q1 7-31-13 4581 0 107 4688 4164 0 5679
Totals: 84755 24149 2087 110991 <=since5/1/2006
.
TOTAL REV’s BY YEAR (Avid+Gov’t+Lic):
FY04 4-30-04 3,314 …Avid(CMO)= 3,039 (Avid-Revs don’t incl. Govt-SVCS)
FY05 4-30-05 4,959 …Avid(CMO)= 4,684
FY06 4-30-06 3,193 …Avid(CMO)= 3,005
FY07 4-30-07 3,708 …Avid(CMO)= 3,492
FY08 4-30-08 6,093 …Avid(CMO)= 5,897
FY09 4-30-09 18,151 …Avid(CMO)= 12,963
FY10 4-30-10 27,943 …Avid(CMO)= 13,204
FY11 4-30-11 13,492 …Avid(CMO)= 8,502
FY12 4-30-12 15,233 …Avid(CMO)= 14,783
FY13 4-30-13 21,683 …Avid(CMO)= 21,333
...Total Gov’t Revs from 7-2008 inception thru FY11Q4(Apr’11): $24.15mm
.
AVID “Total Services”:
AVID OUTPUT$ 3rd-PARTY + PEREGRINE = TOTAL-OUTPUT$
FY09 4-30-09 13mm 10mm $23mm #
FY10 4-30-10 13mm 17mm $30mm #
FY11 4-30-11 9mm 11mm $20mm @
FY12 4-30-12 15mm 11mm $26mm @
FY13 4-30-13 21mm ~10mm ~$31mm ^
LTM ended 1/2010 3rd/$15.3mm + Govt/$8.3mm + PPHM/$8.8mm = $32.4mm *
@SKing 3-18-2013 RothOC/DanaPT (Slide21) http://tinyurl.com/cebtwen
#SKing 7-12-2012 JMP/NYC Conf. (Slide27) http://tinyurl.com/csdclwb
*SKing 3-17-2010 RothOC/DanaPT Conf. (Slide18) http://tinyurl.com/ye9v7jq
^PLytle 7-11-2013 Qtly-CC “Avid did ~$10mm in equivalent services for Peregrine in FY13,
which doesn’t get reflected into the fin. statements, it's eliminated in consolidation.”

.
PPHM’S QTLY. NET LOSS BY QTR:
FY08Q1 7-31-07 4,656,000
FY08Q2 10-31-07 6,207,000
FY08Q3 1-31-08 6,154,000
FY08Q4 4-30-08 6,159,000
FY09Q1 7-31-08 5,086,000
FY09Q2 10-31-08 4,497,000
FY09Q3 1-31-09 3,332,000
FY09Q4 4-30-09 3,609,000
FY10Q1 7-31-09 2,428,000
FY10Q2 10-31-09 2,787,000
FY10Q3 1-31-10 1,538,000
FY10Q4 4-30-10 7,741,000
FY11Q1 7-31-10 7,695,000
FY11Q2 10-31-10 7,513,000
FY11Q3 1-31-11 8,929,000
FY11Q4 4-30-11 10,014,000
FY12Q1 7-31-11 8,092,000
FY12Q2 10-31-11 12,055,000
FY12Q3 1-31-12 11,090,000
FY12Q4 4-30-12 10,882,000
FY13Q1 7-31-12 7,664,000
FY13Q2 10-31-12 8,753,000
FY13Q3 1-31-13 4,914,000
FY13Q4 4-30-13 8,449,000
FY14Q1 7-31-13 7,600,000
.
= = = = = = =
OPER. CASH BURNS* BY QTR(FROM THE 10-Q/K’S):
FY10Q1 7-31-09 2,024,000 (from 10Q pg.25)
FY10Q2 10-31-09 2,351,000 (Q1+Q2: 4,375,000 pg.28)
FY10Q3 1-31-10 1,158,000 (Q1+Q2+Q3: 5,533,000 pg.30)
FY10Q4 4-30-10 6,375,000 (FY’10: 11,908,000 10K pg.58)
FY11Q1 7-31-10 6,567,000 (from 10Q pg.24)
FY11Q2 10-31-10 6,167,000 (Q1+Q2: $12,734,000 pg.25)
FY11Q3 1-31-11 7,736,000 (Q1+Q2+Q3: $20,470,000 pg.26)
FY11Q4 4-30-11 8,961,000 (FY’11: 29,431,000 10K pg.54)
FY12Q1 7-31-11 6,984,000 (from 10Q pg.25)
FY12Q2 10-31-11 11,668,000 (Q1+Q2: 18,652,000 pg.25)
FY12Q3 1-31-12 8,490,000 (Q1+Q2+Q3: 27,142,000 pg.25)
FY12Q4 4-30-12 11,265,000 (FY’12: 38,407,000 10K pg.55)
FY13Q1 7-31-12 6,742,000 (from 10Q pg.21)
FY13Q2 10-31-12 6,162,000 (Q1+Q2: 12,904,000 pg.23)
FY13Q3 1-31-13 3,597,000 (Q1+Q2+Q3: 16,501,000 pg.23)
FY13Q4 4-30-13 7,053,000 (FY’13: 23,554,000 10K pg.60)
FY14Q1 7-31-13 5,750,000 (from 10Q pg.23)
FY’09 total Op-Burn: $14,715,000
FY’10 total Op-Burn: $11,908,000
FY’11 total Op-Burn: $29,431,000
FY’12 total Op-Burn: $38,407,000
FY’13 total Op-Burn: $23,554,000

*The 10-Q’s define OPER.BURN as, ”Net cash used in operating activities before chgs. in operating assets & liabilities”.
The 7-21-2001 10Q explains OP.BURN very nicely:
“RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. Before we discuss the Company's total expenses (cash & non-cash expenses), we would like to discuss the Company's operational burn rate (cash expenses used in operations, net of interest and other income) for q/e July 31, 2001 compared to the same period in the prior year. The operational burn rate is calculated by taking the net income (loss) from operations and subtracting all non-cash items, such as the recognition of deferred license revenue, depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation expense.”
.
- - - - - - - - PPHM’s Fiscal Qtr’s (FY runs May – April):
FY’10-Q3 = q/e 1-31-10 – rep. 3-11-10 Thu (B4 mkt)
FY’10-Q4 = q/e 4-30-10 – rep. 7-14-10 Wed (after mkt)
FY’11-Q1 = q/e 7-31-10 – rep. 9-9-10 Thu (after mkt)
FY’11-Q2 = q/e 10-31-10 – rep. 12-9-10 Thu (after mkt)
FY’11-Q3 = q/e 1-31-10 – rep. 3-11-11 Fri (after mkt)
FY’11-Q4 = q/e 4-30-11 – rep. 7-14-11 Thu (after mkt)
FY’12-Q1 = q/e 7-31-11 – rep. 9-9-11 Fri (B4 mkt)
FY’12-Q2 = q/e 10-31-11 – rep. 12-12-11 Mon (after mkt)
FY’12-Q3 = q/e 1-31-12 – rep. 3-9-12 Fri (after mkt)
FY’12-Q4 = q/e 4-30-12 – rep. 7-16-12 Mon (after mkt)
FY’13-Q1 = q/e 7-31-12 – rep. 9-10-12 Mon (B4 mkt)
FY’13-Q2 = q/e 10-31-12 – rep. 12-10-12 Mon (after mkt)
FY’13-Q3 = q/e 1-31-13 – rep. 3-12-13 Tue (after mkt)
FY’13-Q4 = q/e 4-30-13 – rep. 7-11-13 Thu (after mkt)
FY’14-Q1 = q/e 7-31-13 – rep. 9-9-13 Mon (after mkt)

= = = = = = = = = = = =
“Going Concern” statement ELIMINATED from 4-30-13 10-K issued 7-11-2013…
2012: 4-30-12 10-K iss. 7-16-12 http://tinyurl.com/79o57b2
Pg.68: “As more fully described in Note 2, the Company’s recurring losses from operations and recurring negative cash flows from operating activities raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.”
2013: 4-30-13 10-K iss. 7-11-13 http://tinyurl.com/p58jcbw
==> ((((NO GOING CONCERN STATEMENT INCLUDED.))))

CASH a/o 4-30-13: $35.2mm
CASH a/o 6-30-13: $42.6mm
CASH a/o 7-31-13: $41.6mm
(from 7-11-13 PR: http://ir.peregrineinc.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=776569 )

= = = = = = = = = = Also, a quick look at #Employees per 4-30-13 10K…
2011: 4-30-11 10-K: "As of 4-30-11, we employed 154 full-time emps & 2 part-time emps”
2012: 4-30-12 10-K: "As of 4-30-12, we employed 172 full-time emps & 2 part-time emps."
2013: 4-30-13 10-K: "As of 4-30-13, we employed 182 full-time emps & 5 part-time emps."

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = http://www.peregrineinc.com
Peregrine’s Corp. Fact Sheet updated 9-10-13:
http://www.peregrineinc.com/images/stories/pdfs/sept_2013_fact_sheet.pdf
From 9-10-13 Factsheet, incl. info. about upcoming Ph.III 2nd-line NSCLC trial, “SUNRISE”:

cjgaddy

11/01/13 3:36 PM

#147081 RE: cjgaddy #136858

10-28-13 IASLC/Sydney - PPHM sponsored symposium, “Immune Checkpoints in the Tumor Environment: Novel Targets and the Clinical Promise of Combined Immunotherapies” (Sydney, AUS):

Symposium Overview (Peregrine Pharmaceuticals “Industry Supported Symposia”):
http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/PPHM/1278144473x4927082x699590/55a61634-bdc3-4564-b6a8-3eb6b4985879/WCLC2013%20Peregrine%20Symposia%20Invitation.pdf

10-28-13 Chairman’s Welcome & Program (Dr. Scott J. Antonia, M.D., Ph.D. – H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center)



















= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Oct27-30 2013: “IASLC: 15th World Conf. on Lung Cancer”, Sydney Australia
http://www.2013worldlungcancer.org
IASLC – Intl. Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
“Founded in 1972, IASLC is an intl. organization of nearly 3,000 lung cancer specialists, spanning 80 countries. IASLC members work towards developing and promoting the study of etiology, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and all other aspects of lung cancer. IASLC’s mission is to enhance the understanding and education of lung cancer to scientists, members of the medical community and the public. In addition to the biannual meeting, the IASLC publishes the Journal of Thoracic Oncology, a prized resource for medical specialists and scientists who focus on the detection, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer.”
- - - - - - - - -
Monday, Oct.28 2013: 7:00-8:00 CONCURRENT INDUSTRY SUPPORTED SYMPOSIA
• Symposium supported by Celgene: Tackling the Challenges of Squamous Cell NSCLC Patients (Parkside Ballroom A, Level 1)
• Symposium supported by Myriad: Validation of a 46-Gene Expression Signature in Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (Parkside 110 A+B, Level 1)
• Symposium supported by Boehringer Ingelheim: Let's Discuss: Optimising Treatment of Advanced NSCLC(Parkside Auditorium , Level 1)
Symposium supported by Peregrine Pharmaceuticals: “Immune Checkpoints in the Tumor Environment: Novel Targets and the Clinical Promise of Combined Immunotherapies” (Parkside Ballroom B, Level 1)

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
PR 10-15-13: “Symposium at IASLC World Conference on Lung Cancer to Highlight Novel Immune Checkpoints Including Peregrine Pharmaceuticals' Bavituximab PS Target”
• Symposium's Lead Presenter Dmitry Gabrilovich, MD, PhD, Accomplished Clinical Immunologist to Be Accompanied by Panel of Key Thought Leaders From Fields of Oncology, Immunology and Lung Cancer
• Peregrine's Lead Product Candidate Bavituximab Represents the First in a New Class of Immunotherapeutics That Targets the Novel PS Upstream Checkpoint
http://ir.peregrineinc.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=797251

TUSTIN, CA 10/15/13: Peregrine Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: PPHM) today announced that participants at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer's (IASLC) 15th World Conference on Lung Cancer to be held October 27-30, 2013 in Sydney, Australia will discuss novel immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors including Peregrine's novel target phosphatidylserine (PS). The conference is the world's largest meeting dedicated to lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies and brings together more than 5,000 delegates from across the medical and scientific professional spectrums from more than 100 countries.

The symposium titled: "Immune Checkpoints in the Tumor Environment: Novel Targets and the Clinical Promise of Combined Immunotherapies" will focus on the identification of new immunosuppressive targets in tumors and the potential for improved clinical outcomes through multiple immune checkpoint blockade. The event will take place in Parkside Ballroom B, Conference Level 1 of the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre on Monday, October 28th from 7:00-8:00 AM AET. The program for the symposium is as follows:

Moderator: Scott J. Antonia, MD, PhD
Associate Professor in the Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology and the Co-Program Leader of the Immunology Program at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida

PRESENTATIONS:
Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, MD, PhD
Professor in Cancer Research and Program Leader, Translational Tumor Immunology at The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
"Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Negative Regulator of Immune Responses in Cancer"

Rolf A. Brekken, PhD
Effie Marie Cain Research Scholar in Angiogenesis Research and an Associate Professor, in the Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology at the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
"Engagement of Phosphatidylserine (PS) by PS-Targeting Antibodies Blocks a Global Immunosuppressive Checkpoint in the Tumor Microenvironment Inducing Multiple Downstream Anti-Tumor Response Mechanisms"

David E. Gerber, MD
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine in the Hematology-Oncology Division at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
"Clinical Experience and Prospects with Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer"

Peregrine will also be hosting convention visitors at Exhibit Booth #702.

"This conference brings together thought leaders from all over the world and in particular this symposium will bring together a set of key opinion leaders to focus on the current understanding of tumor immune checkpoints and the therapeutic potential of combining upstream and downstream immune checkpoint blockers. We are pleased that part of this discussion will focus on the recent data validating bavituximab's PS as global immunosuppressive checkpoint," said Kerstin Menander, MD, PhD, Head of Medical Oncology at Peregrine Pharmaceuticals. "Drs. Gabrilovich and Antonia are recognized leaders in the immunotherapy community and we are particularly pleased that they agreed to participate in the symposium. Their insights into new approaches for immunotherapy combination therapy studies will be extremely valuable as we continue to advance our bavituximab program toward its first such clinical trials."

ABOUT THE PRESENTERS

Scott J. Antonia, M.D., Ph.D.
Dr. Antonia is currently the Department Chair & Program Leader of the Thoracic Oncology Department Associate Professor in the Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Program Leader of the Immunology Program at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute in Tampa, Florida. He is also a Professor of Oncology at the University of South Florida College of Medicine in Tampa. Prior to being named chair of Thoracic Oncology in 2010, he was associate chairman of the Sarcoma Department. He joined the Moffitt Cancer Center in 1994. Dr. Antonia received his M.D. and his Ph.D. in Immunology from the University of Connecticut Health Center in Farmington, Connecticut. In addition, he completed an internal medicine residency at Yale University School of Medicine and pursued additional training at Yale through a medical oncology fellowship and post-doctoral fellowship in Immunobiology. Dr. Antonia's work focuses on translational research. Using his molecular biology and cellular background in the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer patients, he has developed strategies designed to thwart the immunosuppressive mechanisms used by tumors to evade T-cell mediated rejection. Dr. Antonia has published papers in several peer-reviewed journals, including Science, Clinical Cancer Research, Current Opinions in Oncology, and Cancer Research.
[ http://www.moffitt.org/research--clinical-trials/individual-researchers/scott-j--antonia-md-phd ]

Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, M.D., Ph.D.
Dr. Gabrilovich is currently the Christopher M. Davis Professor in Cancer Research and Program Leader, Translational Tumor Immunology at The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Wistar Institute is the nation's first independent institution devoted to medical research and training and has been designated a National Cancer Institute Cancer Center in basic research. Dr. Gabrilovich's lab is focused on understanding the mechanisms of tumor-associated immunosuppression as well as on the development of new effective cancer immunotherapeutics. Prior to joining Wistar, Dr. Gabrilovich was the Robert Rothman Endowed Chair in Cancer Research and Head, Section of Dendritic Cell Biology at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center in the Department of Immunology and a Professor of Oncologic Sciences and Molecular Medicine at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida. Prior to this, Dr. Gabrilovich was a Research Fellow at the Imperial College in London, United Kingdom and at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Gabrilovich earned his M.D. from Kabardino-Balkarian State University Medical School in Nalchik, Russia and his Ph.D. in Immunology from the Central Institute of Epidemiology in Moscow. He has over 25 years of experience, extensive knowledge in this field and has more than 180 peer-reviewed publications.
[ http://www.wistar.org/our-science/scientists/dmitry-gabrilovich-md-phd ]

Rolf A. Brekken, Ph.D.
Dr. Brekken is the Effie Marie Cain Research Scholar in Angiogenesis Research and an Associate Professor, in the Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, a Principal Investigator in the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, and a member of Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Brekken received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Luther College in Decorah, Iowa and his Ph.D. (Cell and Molecular Biology) from UT Southwestern Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. He completed his postdoctoral training in the Department of Vascular Biology at the Hope Heart Institute in Seattle, Washington where he studied how the extracellular matrix contributes to vascular function in and growth of tumors. He is an author on over 100 peer reviewed scientific papers and is a senior editor of Cancer Research. Research in the Brekken laboratory is funded by the NCI, the American Cancer Society, the Mary Kay Foundation and CPRIT as well as several biopharmaceutical companies.
[ http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/10808/rolf-brekken.html ]

David E. Gerber, M.D.
Dr. Gerber is currently an Associate Professor of Internal Medicine in the Hematology-Oncology Division at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas where he joined the faculty in 2007. Dr. Gerber earned his M.D. from Cornell University Medical College in New York, New York, and completed his internship and residency in Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. He completed his fellowship in medical oncology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. Gerber is board certified in Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology. Dr. Gerber is particularly interested in lung cancer and is highly active in related research. His research has generated over 40 peer-reviewed publications. He has authored two books and 12 book chapters on this topic and his studies have contributed to invitations to lecture both nationally and internationally.
[ http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/53487/david-gerber.html ]

This symposium will not be webcast.

ABOUT PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company with a portfolio of innovative monoclonal antibodies in clinical trials focused on the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. The company is pursuing multiple clinical programs in cancer with its lead immunotherapy candidate bavituximab and novel brain cancer agent Cotara®. Peregrine also has in-house cGMP manufacturing capabilities through its wholly-owned subsidiary Avid Bioservices, Inc. ( http://www.avidbio.com ), which provides development and biomanufacturing services for both Peregrine and third-party customers. Additional information about Peregrine can be found at http://www.peregrineinc.com

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[ Ann-Marie Baird IASLC TWEETS: https://mobile.twitter.com/BairdAM ]

cjgaddy

11/04/13 4:32 PM

#147252 RE: cjgaddy #136858

10-28-13 IASLC/Sydney - PPHM sponsored symposium, “Immune Checkpoints in the Tumor Environment: Novel Targets and the Clinical Promise of Combined Immunotherapies” (Sydney, AUS):

Symposium Overview (Peregrine Pharmaceuticals “Industry Supported Symposia”):
http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/PPHM/1278144473x4927082x699590/55a61634-bdc3-4564-b6a8-3eb6b4985879/WCLC2013%20Peregrine%20Symposia%20Invitation.pdf

10-28-13 Chairman’s Welcome & Program (Dr. Scott J. Antonia, M.D., Ph.D. – H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center)



















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Oct27-30 2013: “IASLC: 15th World Conf. on Lung Cancer”, Sydney Australia
http://www.2013worldlungcancer.org
IASLC – Intl. Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
“Founded in 1972, IASLC is an intl. organization of nearly 3,000 lung cancer specialists, spanning 80 countries. IASLC members work towards developing and promoting the study of etiology, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and all other aspects of lung cancer. IASLC’s mission is to enhance the understanding and education of lung cancer to scientists, members of the medical community and the public. In addition to the biannual meeting, the IASLC publishes the Journal of Thoracic Oncology, a prized resource for medical specialists and scientists who focus on the detection, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer.”
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Monday, Oct.28 2013: 7:00-8:00 CONCURRENT INDUSTRY SUPPORTED SYMPOSIA
• Symposium supported by Celgene: Tackling the Challenges of Squamous Cell NSCLC Patients (Parkside Ballroom A, Level 1)
• Symposium supported by Myriad: Validation of a 46-Gene Expression Signature in Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (Parkside 110 A+B, Level 1)
• Symposium supported by Boehringer Ingelheim: Let's Discuss: Optimising Treatment of Advanced NSCLC(Parkside Auditorium , Level 1)
Symposium supported by Peregrine Pharmaceuticals: “Immune Checkpoints in the Tumor Environment: Novel Targets and the Clinical Promise of Combined Immunotherapies” (Parkside Ballroom B, Level 1)

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PR 10-15-13: “Symposium at IASLC World Conference on Lung Cancer to Highlight Novel Immune Checkpoints Including Peregrine Pharmaceuticals' Bavituximab PS Target”
• Symposium's Lead Presenter Dmitry Gabrilovich, MD, PhD, Accomplished Clinical Immunologist to Be Accompanied by Panel of Key Thought Leaders From Fields of Oncology, Immunology and Lung Cancer
• Peregrine's Lead Product Candidate Bavituximab Represents the First in a New Class of Immunotherapeutics That Targets the Novel PS Upstream Checkpoint
http://ir.peregrineinc.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=797251

TUSTIN, CA 10/15/13: Peregrine Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: PPHM) today announced that participants at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer's (IASLC) 15th World Conference on Lung Cancer to be held October 27-30, 2013 in Sydney, Australia will discuss novel immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors including Peregrine's novel target phosphatidylserine (PS). The conference is the world's largest meeting dedicated to lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies and brings together more than 5,000 delegates from across the medical and scientific professional spectrums from more than 100 countries.

The symposium titled: "Immune Checkpoints in the Tumor Environment: Novel Targets and the Clinical Promise of Combined Immunotherapies" will focus on the identification of new immunosuppressive targets in tumors and the potential for improved clinical outcomes through multiple immune checkpoint blockade. The event will take place in Parkside Ballroom B, Conference Level 1 of the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre on Monday, October 28th from 7:00-8:00 AM AET. The program for the symposium is as follows:

Moderator: Scott J. Antonia, MD, PhD
Associate Professor in the Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology and the Co-Program Leader of the Immunology Program at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida

PRESENTATIONS:
Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, MD, PhD
Professor in Cancer Research and Program Leader, Translational Tumor Immunology at The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
"Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Negative Regulator of Immune Responses in Cancer"

Rolf A. Brekken, PhD
Effie Marie Cain Research Scholar in Angiogenesis Research and an Associate Professor, in the Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology at the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
"Engagement of Phosphatidylserine (PS) by PS-Targeting Antibodies Blocks a Global Immunosuppressive Checkpoint in the Tumor Microenvironment Inducing Multiple Downstream Anti-Tumor Response Mechanisms"

David E. Gerber, MD
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine in the Hematology-Oncology Division at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
"Clinical Experience and Prospects with Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer"

Peregrine will also be hosting convention visitors at Exhibit Booth #702.

"This conference brings together thought leaders from all over the world and in particular this symposium will bring together a set of key opinion leaders to focus on the current understanding of tumor immune checkpoints and the therapeutic potential of combining upstream and downstream immune checkpoint blockers. We are pleased that part of this discussion will focus on the recent data validating bavituximab's PS as global immunosuppressive checkpoint," said Kerstin Menander, MD, PhD, Head of Medical Oncology at Peregrine Pharmaceuticals. "Drs. Gabrilovich and Antonia are recognized leaders in the immunotherapy community and we are particularly pleased that they agreed to participate in the symposium. Their insights into new approaches for immunotherapy combination therapy studies will be extremely valuable as we continue to advance our bavituximab program toward its first such clinical trials."

ABOUT THE PRESENTERS

Scott J. Antonia, M.D., Ph.D.
Dr. Antonia is currently the Department Chair & Program Leader of the Thoracic Oncology Department Associate Professor in the Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Program Leader of the Immunology Program at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute in Tampa, Florida. He is also a Professor of Oncology at the University of South Florida College of Medicine in Tampa. Prior to being named chair of Thoracic Oncology in 2010, he was associate chairman of the Sarcoma Department. He joined the Moffitt Cancer Center in 1994. Dr. Antonia received his M.D. and his Ph.D. in Immunology from the University of Connecticut Health Center in Farmington, Connecticut. In addition, he completed an internal medicine residency at Yale University School of Medicine and pursued additional training at Yale through a medical oncology fellowship and post-doctoral fellowship in Immunobiology. Dr. Antonia's work focuses on translational research. Using his molecular biology and cellular background in the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer patients, he has developed strategies designed to thwart the immunosuppressive mechanisms used by tumors to evade T-cell mediated rejection. Dr. Antonia has published papers in several peer-reviewed journals, including Science, Clinical Cancer Research, Current Opinions in Oncology, and Cancer Research.
[ http://www.moffitt.org/research--clinical-trials/individual-researchers/scott-j--antonia-md-phd ]

Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, M.D., Ph.D.
Dr. Gabrilovich is currently the Christopher M. Davis Professor in Cancer Research and Program Leader, Translational Tumor Immunology at The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Wistar Institute is the nation's first independent institution devoted to medical research and training and has been designated a National Cancer Institute Cancer Center in basic research. Dr. Gabrilovich's lab is focused on understanding the mechanisms of tumor-associated immunosuppression as well as on the development of new effective cancer immunotherapeutics. Prior to joining Wistar, Dr. Gabrilovich was the Robert Rothman Endowed Chair in Cancer Research and Head, Section of Dendritic Cell Biology at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center in the Department of Immunology and a Professor of Oncologic Sciences and Molecular Medicine at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida. Prior to this, Dr. Gabrilovich was a Research Fellow at the Imperial College in London, United Kingdom and at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Gabrilovich earned his M.D. from Kabardino-Balkarian State University Medical School in Nalchik, Russia and his Ph.D. in Immunology from the Central Institute of Epidemiology in Moscow. He has over 25 years of experience, extensive knowledge in this field and has more than 180 peer-reviewed publications.
[ http://www.wistar.org/our-science/scientists/dmitry-gabrilovich-md-phd ]

Rolf A. Brekken, Ph.D.
Dr. Brekken is the Effie Marie Cain Research Scholar in Angiogenesis Research and an Associate Professor, in the Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, a Principal Investigator in the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, and a member of Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Brekken received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Luther College in Decorah, Iowa and his Ph.D. (Cell and Molecular Biology) from UT Southwestern Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. He completed his postdoctoral training in the Department of Vascular Biology at the Hope Heart Institute in Seattle, Washington where he studied how the extracellular matrix contributes to vascular function in and growth of tumors. He is an author on over 100 peer reviewed scientific papers and is a senior editor of Cancer Research. Research in the Brekken laboratory is funded by the NCI, the American Cancer Society, the Mary Kay Foundation and CPRIT as well as several biopharmaceutical companies.
[ http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/10808/rolf-brekken.html ]

David E. Gerber, M.D.
Dr. Gerber is currently an Associate Professor of Internal Medicine in the Hematology-Oncology Division at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas where he joined the faculty in 2007. Dr. Gerber earned his M.D. from Cornell University Medical College in New York, New York, and completed his internship and residency in Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. He completed his fellowship in medical oncology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. Gerber is board certified in Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology. Dr. Gerber is particularly interested in lung cancer and is highly active in related research. His research has generated over 40 peer-reviewed publications. He has authored two books and 12 book chapters on this topic and his studies have contributed to invitations to lecture both nationally and internationally.
[ http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/53487/david-gerber.html ]

This symposium will not be webcast.

ABOUT PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company with a portfolio of innovative monoclonal antibodies in clinical trials focused on the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. The company is pursuing multiple clinical programs in cancer with its lead immunotherapy candidate bavituximab and novel brain cancer agent Cotara®. Peregrine also has in-house cGMP manufacturing capabilities through its wholly-owned subsidiary Avid Bioservices, Inc. ( http://www.avidbio.com ), which provides development and biomanufacturing services for both Peregrine and third-party customers. Additional information about Peregrine can be found at http://www.peregrineinc.com

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[ Ann-Marie Baird IASLC TWEETS: https://mobile.twitter.com/BairdAM ]

cjgaddy

11/09/13 9:56 AM

#147996 RE: cjgaddy #136858

11-9-13/SITC(WashDC) & 10-28-13/IASLC(Sydney) – large post in 2 sections:

A. 11-9-13: 2 Peregrine Posters at SITC/Wash - both on the blockage of PS-mediated immunosuppressive checkpoints by PS-Targeting antibodies. “We are actively working towards initiating a clinical trial in the coming months to further investigate the potential synergistic effects of bavituximab and an approved [anti-CTLA-4] immunotherapy in patients with melanoma."

B. 10-28-13 IASLC/Sydney - PPHM sponsored symposium, “Immune Checkpoints in the Tumor Environment: Novel Targets and the Clinical Promise of Combined Immunotherapies” (Sydney, AUS) – see MLV’s Dr. George Zavoico’s 11-8-13 Sydney recap at the end.

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A. 11-9-13: 2 Peregrine Posters at SITC/Wash - both on the blockage of PS-mediated immunosuppressive checkpoints by PS-Targeting antibodies (incl. Bavituximab) – Abstracts & Images of Poster PDF’s below…
SITC = Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer

Nov7-10 2013 “28th Annual Meeting of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC)”, WashDC
“The yearly SITC Annual Meeting & Associated Programs serve as the primary SITC organized events and the premier destination for scientific exchange, education, and networking in the cancer immunotherapy community… By bringing together over 800 domestic & intl. basic, clinical, and translational scientists from academia, gov’t, and the biotech/pharmaceutical industry, in an interactive, educational environment, SITC's scientific programming helps bridge the "bench to bedside" gap between translational research, development, and clinical practice.”
http://www.sitcancer.org/2013
Schd: SITC: http://www.sitcancer.org/2013/annual-meeting/schedule
Abstracts: http://www.immunotherapyofcancer.org/supplements/1/S1/all
... Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 2013, (Suppl1 (7Nov2013)
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Peregrine’s 2 Posters:
Poster #172 (P151) “Targeting of Phosphatidylserine by Monoclonal Antibodies Reverses an Immunosuppressive Checkpoint Inducing Innate and Specific Anti-Tumor Responses”
Jian Gong, Rich Archer, Van Nguyen, Jeff Hutchins, Bruce Freimark (Peregrine)
ABSTRACT: Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid normally residing in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and becomes exposed on tumor vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and tumor cells, and exposure is enhanced in response to chemotherapy, irradiation and oxidative stresses in the tumor microenvironment. PS exposure in tumors promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment which includes the recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2-like macrophages as well as the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Binding of PS targeting antibodies on tumor endothelial cells, tumors and their secreted microparticles triggers a Fc-FcR mediated pro-inflammatory cellular and cytokine response that reverses this immunosuppressive, PS meditated checkpoint thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity. A chimeric anti-PS antibody, bavituximab, is being used in combination with chemotherapy to treat patients with solid tumors in multiple late-stage clinical trials. Using syngeneic tumors and human tumor xenografts in mice, we demonstrate PS targeting antibodies specifically localize to PS exposed on membranes of tumor blood vessels, tumors, tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells and microparticles. Analysis of blood, spleens and tumor tissue demonstrates that PS targeting antibodies are capable of suppressing tumor growth in multiple tumor types by several mechanisms including destruction of tumor blood vessels by ADCC mechanisms, blockage of the PS-mediated immunosuppressive checkpoint, and reactivation of M1 macrophages, dendritic cell maturation and T-cell cellular anti-tumor responses. The combination of these mechanisms promotes strong localized anti-tumor responses without the side-effects of systemic immune activation.
http://www.immunotherapyofcancer.org/content/1/S1/P151

Poster #176 (P154) ”Phosphatidylserine-targeting Antibody Induces M1 Macrophage Polarization, Promotes Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell Differentiation and Boosts Tumor-Specific Immunity”
Xianming Huang, Yi Yin, Dan Ye, Rolf Brekken, Philip Thorpe (UTSW)
ABSTRACT: Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a potent immunosuppressive lipid typically segregated to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. PS is externalized on tumor vasculature, tumor-derived exosomes, and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment and externalization is markedly enhanced by therapy (e.g., radiation, chemotherapy, and/or androgen deprivation). Externalized PS interacts with immune cells where it actively promotes immunosuppression and tumor progression by expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2-like tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Bavituximab is a PS-targeting antibody that is being evaluated in multiple late-stage clinical trials in cancer patients. Here we show that treatment of PC3 tumor-bearing mice with 2aG4, a murine-version of bavituximab, significantly depleted M2-likeTAMs and MDSCs and increased the presence of M1-like TAMs and mature dendritic cells. In addition, PS blockade markedly altered the cytokine balance in the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunostimulatory. Furthermore, in the immune-competent TRAMP mouse prostate tumor model, combination treatment of anti-PS antibody with castration induced strong tumor-specific T-cell immunity that resulted in significantly improved tumor free long-term survival and apparent cures in 35% of the animals, compared to no long-term survivors in groups treated with either single agent. In vitro studies confirmed that anti-PS re-polarized TAMs from an M2 to M1-like phenotype and drove MDSCs to differentiate into M1-like macrophages and functional dendritic cells. These data suggest that PS expression on the external cell surface defines an upstream immune checkpoint that is primarily responsible for expansion of MDSCs and M2-like TAMs in tumors. The results further support that blockade of the PS signal by bavituximab treatment can reverse this immune checkpoint suppression and promote therapeutically effective anti-tumor immunity.
http://www.immunotherapyofcancer.org/content/1/S1/P154

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11-8-13 Peregrine Press Release about SITC 2013:
Data Presentation at Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Annual Meeting Supports Potential of Peregrine Pharmaceuticals' Novel Immunotherapy Bavituximab in Combination with Anti-CTLA-4 Antibodies
• Phosphatidylserine (PS) and CTLA-4 Targeting Antibody Combination Stopped Tumor Growth in 100% of Animals in Preclinical Melanoma Model
• Planning Underway for Near-Term Phase I Clinical Trial Evaluating Bavituximab and Anti-CTLA-4 Combination Immunotherapy in Patients With Advanced Melanoma

TUSTIN, 11/08/13: Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: PPHM) today announced the presentation of data at the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Annual Meeting in National Harbor, Maryland being held November 7-10. The data showed that phosphatidylserine (PS)-targeting antibodies reactivate tumor immunity at multiple levels and that these antibodies, when combined with an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, an FDA-approved immunotherapy, yielded enhanced anti-tumor activity in a pre-clinical model of melanoma. Peregrine is planning to initiate a Phase III clinical trial in second-line non-small cell lung cancer with its lead PS-targeting antibody bavituximab by year-end.

In the presentation [#172/P151] titled: "Targeting of Phosphatidylserine by Monoclonal Antibodies Induces Innate and Specific Anti-tumor Responses," scientists from Peregrine and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center examined the anti-tumor response of a PS-targeting antibody equivalent to bavituximab and anti-CTLA-4 combination therapy in a mouse melanoma model. Results showed that the group (n=12) that received the combination resulted in superior tumor growth inhibition than with either antibody alone with no additional toxicity following multiple treatment doses. In addition, histopathological analysis showed the combination produced more inflammatory cell infiltration and tumor destruction than anti-CTLA-4 alone.

"The results presented at SITC demonstrate that PS-targeting antibodies can block PS-mediated immunosuppression while simultaneously activating the immune system and that these effects can greatly improve the number of subjects responding to anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy," said Jeff T. Hutchins, Ph.D., Vice President of Preclinical Research at Peregrine. "We believe the encouraging preclinical combination treatment data are due in part to the ability of bavituximab to facilitate an increase in tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cell activity, a function that appears to expand and broaden the potential of immunotherapeutic agents including anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 which prime and sustain T-cell mediated killing of tumor cells in our pre-clinical models. We are continuing to explore these and other immunotherapy combinations and look forward to reporting additional results as they become available."

In the presentation [#176/P154] titled: "Phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody induces M1 macrophage polarization, promotes myeloid derived suppressor cell differentiation, boosts tumor-specific immunity," researchers from The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center showed that equivalents of bavituximab facilitated a tumor-localized decrease in immunosuppressive cytokines and immune cells, while inducing an increase in immunostimulatory cytokines, tumor-fighting M1 macrophages, mature dendritic cells and tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cells.

"These encouraging data further support the potential of giving bavituximab to enhance the potential of other immunotherapies such as anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. Our goal is to now advance this combination into clinical studies as part of our plans to obtain further proof of concept data for novel immunotherapy combinations including bavituximab," said Joseph Shan, MPH, vice president of clinical and regulatory affairs at Peregrine. "Recent clinical data have shown that immunotherapies can enhance tumor-specific T-cell responses resulting in promising survival benefits in some patients. We believe that bavituximab, by breaking immune tolerance in tumors and activating both the innate and adaptive immune system, holds the potential to allow more patients to respond to immunotherapies such as anti-CTLA-4 antibodies that target other checkpoints in the immune cascade. As such, we are actively working towards initiating a clinical trial in the coming months to further investigate the potential synergistic effects of bavituximab and an approved immunotherapy in patients with melanoma."

PRESENTATION DETAILS
Poster #172 “Targeting of Phosphatidylserine by Monoclonal Antibodies Induces Innate and Specific Anti-tumor Responses”
Jian Gong, Xianming Huang, Van Nguyen, Richard Archer, Jeff Hutchins, Steven King, Bruce Freimark, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, Univ. of Texas SW Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
When: Saturday, Nov. 9th 6:15-7:15 PM
Location: Gaylord National Hotel & Convention Center, Convention Center Lower Level, Prince George's Exhibit Hall E
http://www.peregrineinc.com/images/stories/pdfs/sitc_172_gong.pdf
(see images below)
[Note: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer refs Poster #172 as #P151: http://www.immunotherapyofcancer.org/content/1/S1/P151 ]

Poster #176 “Phosphatidylserine-targeting Antibody Induces M1 Macrophage Polarization, Promotes Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell Differentiation, Boosts Tumor-Specific Immunity”
Xianming Huang, Yin Yi, Gustavo Barbero, Dan Ye, Philip E. Thorpe, Dept. of Pharmacology, The Univ. of Texas SW Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
When: Saturday, Nov. 9th 6:15-7:15 PM
Location: Gaylord National Hotel & Convention Center, Convention Center Lower Level, Prince George's Exhibit Hall E
http://www.peregrineinc.com/images/stories/pdfs/sitc_176_huang.pdf
(see images below)
[Note: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer refs Poster #176 as #P154: http://www.immunotherapyofcancer.org/content/1/S1/P154 ]

About Bavituximab: A Targeted Immunotherapy
Bavituximab is a first-in-class phosphatidylserine (PS)-targeting monoclonal antibody that represents a new approach to treating cancer. PS is a highly immunosuppressive molecule usually located inside the membrane of healthy cells, but "flips" and becomes exposed on the outside of cells that line tumor blood vessels, causing the tumor to evade immune detection. Bavituximab targets PS and activates the maturation of dendritic cells and cancer-fighting (M1) macrophages leading to the development of cytotoxic T-cells that fight solid tumors through blocking this immunosuppressive PS signal. Bavituximab is the company's lead PS-targeting investigational product and is currently being evaluated in several solid tumor indications, including non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer and rectal cancer.

About Peregrine Pharmaceuticals
Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company with a portfolio of innovative monoclonal antibodies in clinical trials focused on the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. The company is pursuing multiple clinical programs in cancer with its lead immunotherapy candidate bavituximab and novel brain cancer agent Cotara®. Peregrine also has in-house cGMP manufacturing capabilities through its wholly-owned subsidiary Avid Bioservices, Inc. ( http://www.avidbio.com ), which provides development and biomanufacturing services for both Peregrine and third-party customers. Additional information about Peregrine can be found at http://www.peregrineinc.com .
Safe Harbor *snip*
Contact: Christopher Keenan or Jay Carlson, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, (800) 987-8256 info@peregrineinc.com

IMAGES of SITC 2013 POSTER PDF’s

Poster #172 11-9-13 SITC “Targeting of Phosphatidylserine by Monoclonal Antibodies Induces Innate and Specific Anti-tumor Responses”
Jian Gong, Xianming Huang, Van Nguyen, Richard Archer, Jeff Hutchins, Steven King, Bruce Freimark, Peregrine Pharm., UTSW-MC/Dallas
PDF: http://www.peregrineinc.com/images/stories/pdfs/sitc_172_gong.pdf
Abstract from Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (P151): http://www.immunotherapyofcancer.org/content/1/S1/P151




Poster #176 11-9-13 SITC “Phosphatidylserine-targeting Antibody Induces M1 Macrophage Polarization, Promotes Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell Differentiation, Boosts Tumor-Specific Immunity”
Xianming Huang, Yin Yi, Gustavo Barbero, Dan Ye, Philip E. Thorpe, Dept. of Pharmacology, UTSW-MC/Dallas
PDF: http://www.peregrineinc.com/images/stories/pdfs/sitc_176_huang.pdf
Abstract from Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (P154): http://www.immunotherapyofcancer.org/content/1/S1/P154




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NOTE: Peregrine presented at the 27th annual SITC mtg. in Oct.2012:
Track: Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies In Cancer
#176 “Targeting of Phosphatidylserine by Monoclonal Antibodies Induces Innate & Specific Anti-Tumor Responses”
Bruce Freimark 1, Jian Gong 1, Rich Archer 1, Van Nguyen 1, Christopher Hughes 3, Xianming Huang 2, Yi Yin 2, Philip Thorpe 2
1 Preclinical Development, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Tustin, CA
2 Pharmacology, Univ. of Texas, SW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
3 Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Univ. of California, Irvine, CA
2012: http://www.peregrineinc.com/images/stories/pdfs/sitc_2012.pdf
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B. 10-28-13 IASLC/Sydney - PPHM sponsored symposium, “Immune Checkpoints in the Tumor Environment: Novel Targets and the Clinical Promise of Combined Immunotherapies” (Sydney, AUS) – see MLV’s Dr. George Zavoico’s 11-8-13 Sydney recap at the end…

Symposium Overview (Peregrine Pharmaceuticals “Industry Supported Symposia”):
http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/PPHM/1278144473x4927082x699590/55a61634-bdc3-4564-b6a8-3eb6b4985879/WCLC2013%20Peregrine%20Symposia%20Invitation.pdf

10-28-13 Chairman’s Welcome & Program (Dr. Scott J. Antonia, M.D., Ph.D. – H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center)



















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Oct27-30 2013: “IASLC: 15th World Conf. on Lung Cancer”, Sydney Australia
http://www.2013worldlungcancer.org
IASLC – Intl. Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
“Founded in 1972, IASLC is an intl. organization of nearly 3,000 lung cancer specialists, spanning 80 countries. IASLC members work towards developing and promoting the study of etiology, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and all other aspects of lung cancer. IASLC’s mission is to enhance the understanding and education of lung cancer to scientists, members of the medical community and the public. In addition to the biannual meeting, the IASLC publishes the Journal of Thoracic Oncology, a prized resource for medical specialists and scientists who focus on the detection, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer.”
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Monday, Oct.28 2013: 7:00-8:00 CONCURRENT INDUSTRY SUPPORTED SYMPOSIA
• Symposium supported by Celgene: Tackling the Challenges of Squamous Cell NSCLC Patients (Parkside Ballroom A, Level 1)
• Symposium supported by Myriad: Validation of a 46-Gene Expression Signature in Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (Parkside 110 A+B, Level 1)
• Symposium supported by Boehringer Ingelheim: Let's Discuss: Optimising Treatment of Advanced NSCLC(Parkside Auditorium , Level 1)
Symposium supported by Peregrine Pharmaceuticals: “Immune Checkpoints in the Tumor Environment: Novel Targets and the Clinical Promise of Combined Immunotherapies” (Parkside Ballroom B, Level 1)

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PR 10-15-13: “Symposium at IASLC World Conference on Lung Cancer to Highlight Novel Immune Checkpoints Including Peregrine Pharmaceuticals' Bavituximab PS Target”
• Symposium's Lead Presenter Dmitry Gabrilovich, MD, PhD, Accomplished Clinical Immunologist to Be Accompanied by Panel of Key Thought Leaders From Fields of Oncology, Immunology and Lung Cancer
• Peregrine's Lead Product Candidate Bavituximab Represents the First in a New Class of Immunotherapeutics That Targets the Novel PS Upstream Checkpoint
http://ir.peregrineinc.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=797251

TUSTIN, CA 10/15/13: Peregrine Pharmaceuticals (NASDAQ: PPHM) today announced that participants at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer's (IASLC) 15th World Conference on Lung Cancer to be held October 27-30, 2013 in Sydney, Australia will discuss novel immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors including Peregrine's novel target phosphatidylserine (PS). The conference is the world's largest meeting dedicated to lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies and brings together more than 5,000 delegates from across the medical and scientific professional spectrums from more than 100 countries.

The symposium titled: "Immune Checkpoints in the Tumor Environment: Novel Targets and the Clinical Promise of Combined Immunotherapies" will focus on the identification of new immunosuppressive targets in tumors and the potential for improved clinical outcomes through multiple immune checkpoint blockade. The event will take place in Parkside Ballroom B, Conference Level 1 of the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre on Monday, October 28th from 7:00-8:00 AM AET. The program for the symposium is as follows:

Moderator: Scott J. Antonia, MD, PhD
Associate Professor in the Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology and the Co-Program Leader of the Immunology Program at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida

PRESENTATIONS:
Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, MD, PhD
Professor in Cancer Research and Program Leader, Translational Tumor Immunology at The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
"Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Negative Regulator of Immune Responses in Cancer"

Rolf A. Brekken, PhD
Effie Marie Cain Research Scholar in Angiogenesis Research and an Associate Professor, in the Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology at the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
"Engagement of Phosphatidylserine (PS) by PS-Targeting Antibodies Blocks a Global Immunosuppressive Checkpoint in the Tumor Microenvironment Inducing Multiple Downstream Anti-Tumor Response Mechanisms"

David E. Gerber, MD
Associate Professor of Internal Medicine in the Hematology-Oncology Division at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
"Clinical Experience and Prospects with Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer"

Peregrine will also be hosting convention visitors at Exhibit Booth #702.

"This conference brings together thought leaders from all over the world and in particular this symposium will bring together a set of key opinion leaders to focus on the current understanding of tumor immune checkpoints and the therapeutic potential of combining upstream and downstream immune checkpoint blockers. We are pleased that part of this discussion will focus on the recent data validating bavituximab's PS as global immunosuppressive checkpoint," said Kerstin Menander, MD, PhD, Head of Medical Oncology at Peregrine Pharmaceuticals. "Drs. Gabrilovich and Antonia are recognized leaders in the immunotherapy community and we are particularly pleased that they agreed to participate in the symposium. Their insights into new approaches for immunotherapy combination therapy studies will be extremely valuable as we continue to advance our bavituximab program toward its first such clinical trials."

ABOUT THE PRESENTERS

Scott J. Antonia, M.D., Ph.D.
Dr. Antonia is currently the Department Chair & Program Leader of the Thoracic Oncology Department Associate Professor in the Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology and Program Leader of the Immunology Program at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute in Tampa, Florida. He is also a Professor of Oncology at the University of South Florida College of Medicine in Tampa. Prior to being named chair of Thoracic Oncology in 2010, he was associate chairman of the Sarcoma Department. He joined the Moffitt Cancer Center in 1994. Dr. Antonia received his M.D. and his Ph.D. in Immunology from the University of Connecticut Health Center in Farmington, Connecticut. In addition, he completed an internal medicine residency at Yale University School of Medicine and pursued additional training at Yale through a medical oncology fellowship and post-doctoral fellowship in Immunobiology. Dr. Antonia's work focuses on translational research. Using his molecular biology and cellular background in the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer patients, he has developed strategies designed to thwart the immunosuppressive mechanisms used by tumors to evade T-cell mediated rejection. Dr. Antonia has published papers in several peer-reviewed journals, including Science, Clinical Cancer Research, Current Opinions in Oncology, and Cancer Research.
[ http://www.moffitt.org/research--clinical-trials/individual-researchers/scott-j--antonia-md-phd ]

Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, M.D., Ph.D.
Dr. Gabrilovich is currently the Christopher M. Davis Professor in Cancer Research and Program Leader, Translational Tumor Immunology at The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Wistar Institute is the nation's first independent institution devoted to medical research and training and has been designated a National Cancer Institute Cancer Center in basic research. Dr. Gabrilovich's lab is focused on understanding the mechanisms of tumor-associated immunosuppression as well as on the development of new effective cancer immunotherapeutics. Prior to joining Wistar, Dr. Gabrilovich was the Robert Rothman Endowed Chair in Cancer Research and Head, Section of Dendritic Cell Biology at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center in the Department of Immunology and a Professor of Oncologic Sciences and Molecular Medicine at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida. Prior to this, Dr. Gabrilovich was a Research Fellow at the Imperial College in London, United Kingdom and at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Gabrilovich earned his M.D. from Kabardino-Balkarian State University Medical School in Nalchik, Russia and his Ph.D. in Immunology from the Central Institute of Epidemiology in Moscow. He has over 25 years of experience, extensive knowledge in this field and has more than 180 peer-reviewed publications.
[ http://www.wistar.org/our-science/scientists/dmitry-gabrilovich-md-phd ]

Rolf A. Brekken, Ph.D.
Dr. Brekken is the Effie Marie Cain Research Scholar in Angiogenesis Research and an Associate Professor, in the Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, a Principal Investigator in the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, and a member of Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Brekken received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Luther College in Decorah, Iowa and his Ph.D. (Cell and Molecular Biology) from UT Southwestern Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. He completed his postdoctoral training in the Department of Vascular Biology at the Hope Heart Institute in Seattle, Washington where he studied how the extracellular matrix contributes to vascular function in and growth of tumors. He is an author on over 100 peer reviewed scientific papers and is a senior editor of Cancer Research. Research in the Brekken laboratory is funded by the NCI, the American Cancer Society, the Mary Kay Foundation and CPRIT as well as several biopharmaceutical companies.
[ http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/10808/rolf-brekken.html ]

David E. Gerber, M.D.
Dr. Gerber is currently an Associate Professor of Internal Medicine in the Hematology-Oncology Division at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas where he joined the faculty in 2007. Dr. Gerber earned his M.D. from Cornell University Medical College in New York, New York, and completed his internship and residency in Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. He completed his fellowship in medical oncology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. Dr. Gerber is board certified in Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology. Dr. Gerber is particularly interested in lung cancer and is highly active in related research. His research has generated over 40 peer-reviewed publications. He has authored two books and 12 book chapters on this topic and his studies have contributed to invitations to lecture both nationally and internationally.
[ http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/53487/david-gerber.html ]

This symposium will not be webcast.

ABOUT PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company with a portfolio of innovative monoclonal antibodies in clinical trials focused on the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. The company is pursuing multiple clinical programs in cancer with its lead immunotherapy candidate bavituximab and novel brain cancer agent Cotara®. Peregrine also has in-house cGMP manufacturing capabilities through its wholly-owned subsidiary Avid Bioservices, Inc. ( http://www.avidbio.com ), which provides development and biomanufacturing services for both Peregrine and third-party customers. Additional information about Peregrine can be found at http://www.peregrineinc.com
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11-8-13: MLV’s George Zavoico (PhD) recaps 10-28-13/IASLC(Sydney), and gives overview of entire Cancer Immunotherapy landscape (CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, and now Bavi/PS-targeting, “a new late-stage immunomodulating agent on the block”). States, “we now believe the evidence supports inclusion of Bavi into this select group of immune checkpoint inhibitors with blockbuster potential.”…

11-8-13 MLV Update on Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
http://www.mlvco.com - George B. Zavoico, PhD
”Bavituximab IS an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cancer”
SCIENCE/MOA-ORIENTED EXCERPTS…
Last week we attended the 15th World Congress on Lung Cancer (WCLC) in Sydney, Australia [ http://tinyurl.com/mjaweu5 ], to assess an emerging body of evidence that Peregrine Pharmaceuticals' lead phosphatidylserine (PS)-targeting antibody candidate, bavituximab (Bavi), is an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Cancer evades our immune system by mechanisms that are only now being elucidated. It has long been a goal to find drugs that will reveal tumor cells to suppressed immune effector cells, enabling them to identify and eliminate tumor cells without injuring normal cells. Important strides have been made to this end with CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 blocking antibodies. We now believe the evidence supports inclusion of Bavi into this select group of immune checkpoint inhibitors with blockbuster potential that are beginning to change the standard of care in cancer. We urge investors to examine the evidence and begin building a position in Peregrine if they agree with our assessment...

• Peregrine Pharmaceuticals sponsored a symposium last week at the WCLC in Sydney, Australia, that was entitled "Immune Checkpoints in the Tumor Environment: Novel Targets and the Clinical Promise of Combined Immunotherapies." Compelling evidence was presented that combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with each other or other immunotherapies or even chemotherapies may prove to be synergistic in provoking a more robust anti-tumor immune response.

• The speakers reviewed clinical trial results showing potent and durable responses with the most advanced immune checkpoint inhibitors on the market or in clinical trials, including blocking antibodies to CTLA-4 (ipilimumab, Yervoy®), PD-1 (nivolumab), and PD-L1 (lambrolizumab). A typical pattern of response to these agents is a brief disease flare or enlargement as immune cells infiltrate the tumor, followed by tumor shrinkage and a durable long-term response.

• Evidence was presented that PS, a membrane-associated phospholipid, serves as an immune checkpoint when it is exposed on the surface of tumor cells and endothelial cells of the tumor vasculature. Exposed PS binds to several PS receptors on immune cells, stimulating secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines and preventing maturation and activation of other immune cells, thereby inducing an immunosuppressive microenvironment and enabling immune tolerance of the tumor.

• Preclinical studies have shown that Bavi blocks the PS immune checkpoint, enabling a switch to an immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment and activation of immune effector cells that can eliminate tumor cells. A Phase IIb trial showed that adding Bavi to docetaxel as second line therapy led to an impressive 4.4-month prolongation of median overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. We expect Peregrine to conduct further preclinical and clinical trials to confirm that Bavi is an immune checkpoint inhibitor and to find the most effective drug combinations in treating cancer.

A NEW LATE-STAGE IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT ON THE BLOCK
At a very basic level, the function of the immune system is to differentiate between an organism’s own, or “self,” cells and invading organisms, cells and pathogens, and anything that is foreign, or “non-self.” More importantly, once anything non-self is identified, the immune system is charged with eliminating it without harming any of an organism’s own cells and tissues and before invading pathogens can seriously incapacitate or kill the host. Since tumor cells undergo mutiple mutations as they transform, they become more non-self than self, enabling the immune system to identify and eliminate them. This happens throughout our lifetime as we are exposed to toxins and radiation that cause potentially transformational mutations. Most of the time, our immune system identifies cells that have undergone these changes and destroys them before they cause any harm.

Numerous signaling molecules and receptor-ligand interactions serve to either stimulate or suppress the effector cells of the immune system, principally natural killer, or NK, cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and a M1-type macrophages, responsible for killing and eliminating anything that is non-self. The immune system must also keep these effector cells in check, preventing them from becoming mistakenly stimulated and harming normal cells. To be absolutely certain that effector cells attack only non-self targets, the immune system evolved multiple checkpoints that, in the simplest terms, serve as go/no-go decision points to either stimulate or suppress the immune response. The consequences of poorly regulated immune checkpoints are autoimmune diseases and cancer. In the former, the immune system mistakes self for non-self (the “go” decision prevails) and begins attacking normal cells. The maintenance of self-tolerance is effectively lost. In the latter, the immune system mistakes non-self for self (the “no-go decision prevails) and enables tumors to proliferate and grow. Tolerance of tumor cells is achieved.

Chemotherapy, both of the traditional cytotoxic and more recently developed targeted types, seek vulnerabilities in the mechanisms that drive proliferation and metastases. Cytotoxic chemotherapy takes advantage of more rapid proliferation of tumor cells to kill more of them faster than it can kill more slowly proliferating normal cells. A balanced regimen must be followed to prevent or minimize adverse events caused by the elimination of faster proliferating normal cells like hematopoietic cells that make blood cells or epithelial cells of the digestive system that continually replace cells sloughing off the lining of the gut. Targeted therapy takes advantage of the observation that certain tumor types are driven to proliferate by a key mutation. Selectively inhibiting that mutated driver protein may put the brake on proliferation, at least until another driver mutation emerges to cause relapse. More often than not, and especially in later stage cancers, chemotherapy is only temporarily effective. The goal of beating cancer with long term durable, if not curative, responses drives investigators and drug developers to understand the biochemical mechanisms enabling tumor cells to suppress the immune system. Cancer vaccines have largely been disappointing thus far, probably because effector cells that may have been stimulated by a cancer antigen or antigens are suppressed when they enter the tumor microenvironment. Pharmacologic inhibition of tumor immunosuppressive mechanisms and restoring the ability of the immune system to recognize tumor cells as non-self and then to eliminate them has the potential of being curative, much more so than chemotherapy or radiation.

Immune Checkpoints and Immunosuppression
It is important to understand that the immune system evolved multiple immune checkpoints, each of which may contribute to the inability of the immune system to identify and eliminate tumor cells. A corollary is that tumors may depend on abnormally regulating more than one immune checkpoint to be able to effectively evade the immune system’s surveillance and response. As mentioned above, immune checkpoints are decision points that determine whether the immune response should proceed with the activation of effector cells, or should be suppressed without activating any effector cells. In effect, each immune checkpoint asks: Is this dangerous to my host? If the answer is “yes,” then the immune response can proceed to the next checkpoint. If “no,” then the immune response is inhibited and tolerance ensues.

An immune checkpoint consists of a receptor and a ligand, typically between two immune cells or between an immune cell and a tumor cell. The ligand may also be a soluble mediator. In effect, there are two competing signaling pathways through these multiple receptorligand interactions, one that stimulates and the other that suppresses activation of regulatory and effector cells. Depending on the balance between competing signals, immune cells will also secrete different mediators, including cytokines, growth factors, lipid-derived mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), adenosine, and others, to establish an immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive microenvironment in the tumor.

Briefly, there are 3 key steps in the generation of an anti-tumor immune response: First, dendritic cells process tumor cell-derived antigens and serve as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by displaying them on their surface on major histocompatibilty complex (MHC) class I or II, but only if they also receive a costimulatory signal. Second, the dendritic cells migrate to lymph nodes where they must activate T cells and NK cells. Finally, activated, tumor antigen specific T cells migrate back to the tumor where they should be able to kill tumor cells, but only if the tumor microenvironment is not immunosuppressive. While there are checkpoints at each one of these steps in the immune response, the last step, when activated effector cells actually confront tumor cells, they can be prevented from killing tumor cells because tumors are very adept at maintaining an immunosuppressive microenvironment, particularly in more hypoxic regions of the tumor:
• Tumors can attract progenitor cells from the bone marrow that differentiate into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that secrete immunosuppressive cytokines (e.g. IL-10, TGF-B).
• These cytokines attract immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) and suppress CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell and NK cell immune responses.
• MDSCs can differentiate into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) of the M2 type (M2o) and into dendritic cells that remain immature and cannot serve as APCs. Notably, the presence of M2o in tumors correlates with a poor prognosis.

In our view, with a better understanding of immune checkpopints and how tumors maintain an immunosuppressive environment, there are now far more opportunities to explore the development of checkpoint inhibitors in an effort to restore the ability of the immune system to recognize, attack, and kill tumor cells. Some of this work has already come to fruition. Blocking monoclonal antibody drug candidates to CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T cell associated antigen-4), PD-1 (programmed death-1 receptor), and PD-L1 (programmed death-1 receptor ligand) have have demonstrated efficacy in heavily pretreated patients.

CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1
Three immune checkpoint inhibitor targets, CTLA-4, PD-1, and PDL1, have recently been the focus of research and blocking antibodies have been developed for each one. An anti-CTLA-4 antibody, called ipilimumab, has already been approved and is marketed as Yervoy for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Blocking antibodies to PD-1 and PD-L1 are in various stages of clinical development for different cancers. Bristol-Myers Squibb’s (NYSE:BMY, not covered) nivolumab (formerly BMS-936558 and MDX-1106) and Merck & Co.’s (NYSE:MRK, not covered) lambrolizumab (formerly MK-3475) are anti-PD-1 antibodies now in multiple Phase I through III clinical trials. Bristol-Myers Squibb’s BMS-936559 (also called MDX-1105) is an anti-PD-L1 antibody in Phase I trials.

CTLA-4. CTLA-4 is expressed on activated CD4+ T helper cells. Its ligand, or counter-receptor, on APCs is CD80 or CD86 (also called B7- 1 and B7-2, respectively). T helper cells bind to APCs presenting tumor antigens on their MHC class II via their T cell receptor (TCR). However, a co-stimulatory signal must also be received by the T cell in order to be activated, and this signal is mediated by a binding interaction between CD80/86 on the APC and CD28, another recptor, on the T helper cell (this is the “go” switch). Once the T helper cell it activated, it proliferates and begins to secrete immunostimulatory cytokines that help promote the proliferation and activation of other immune cells, including CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and dendrtitic cells. This is an amplification process that helps generate a robust immune response.
Following activation, T helper cells begin to upregulate expression of CTLA-4, which competes with CD28 for binding to CD80/86, eventually displacing it due to its much higher affinity. While CD28 sends an activating signal to T helper cells, CTLA-4 sends an inhibitory, suppressive signal (this is the “no-go” switch). In effect, CTLA-4 serves as a self-limiting signal to the T helper cells. It is considered a strong negative regulator of T cell activation. The T helper cells shut down and the immune response is suppressed. A blocking antibody, such as ipilimumab, prevents the interaction of CTLA-4 with CD80/86, prolonging the immunostimulatory effects by maintaining the CD28-CD80/CD86 binding and T helper cell activation.
Ipilimumab was administered to patients with relapsed/refractory metastatic melanoma and a substantial survival benefit of 3.7 months (10.1 vs. 6.4 months in the active vs. control arms, respectively) was observed. Of particular interest is the durable responses seen with ipilimumab, with a near doubling of patient survival one and two years after treatment (one- and two-year survival rates were 46% and 24%, respectively, in the ipilimumab group versus 25% and 14% in the control group).
The ipilimumab trials were the first Phase III trials to demonstrate a substantial survival benefit with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. In this trial, clinically meaningful survival benefits were observed in patients who would otherwise be at the terminal stage of their melanoma. However, ipilimumab is associated with serious adverse events. Up to 23% or treated patients developed Grade 3 or 4 colitis and hypophysitis (inflammation of the colon and pituitary gland, respectively).

PD-1 and PD-L1. PD-1 is expressed on activated T cells, and it’s ligand, or counter-receptor, PD-L1, is expressed on APCs and tumor cells. Melanoma, glioblastoma, and ovarian, renal, and hepatocellular cancers are associated with elevated expresion of PD-L1. Like CTLA-4 binding to CD80/86, the binding of PD-1 to PD-L1 is an immunosuppressive signal that prevents T cell-mediated killing just as the T cell finds its target. In a Phase I study, the response rate to various doses of nivolumab were 18%, 28%, and 27% in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and renal cell cancer, respectively. Responses were durable, with 65% of patients having a response lasting one year or more. A Phase I trial of BMS-935559 in patients with various advanced cancers showed that PD-L1 blockade produced an objective response rate of 6-17% (depending on the cancer), with prolonged, durable stabilization of disease after 24 weeks of treatment in 12-41% of patients.
Taken together, these results generated quite a lot of excitement, particularly since patients treated in these trials had advanced disease and were heavily pretreated. Most likely, many of the long term responders would likely have died much sooner if they had not been treated with these immune checkpoint inhibitors.
CTLA-4/CD28 and the PD-1/PD-L1 receptor-ligand pairs are just two of many receptor-ligand pairs that could serve as immune checkpoints. Several others are being studied that may also provide clinical benefit if specific blockers are developed. Without any context the following looks like an alphanumeric soup, but several potential immune checkpoint targets are the following receptorligand pairs: HVEM/BTLA, MHC Class I or II and KIR or LAG3, GAL9/TIM3, and others. Blocking antibodies for some of these are already in clincal trials.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combinations
Due to the complexity and multiple interactions in the propagation of the immune response, it is possible that a combination of two or more immune checkpoint inhibitors may be synergistic in inducing a more robust anti-tumor immune response. This has already been tested in at least one Phase I clinical trial. Nivolumab and ipilimumab were evaluated in patients with advanced melanoma. The 2 drugs were administered concurrently or in sequence, with dose escalation. At all doses, the objective response rate in the concurrent and sequential dosing regimens were 40% and 20%, respectively. At the highest tolerated doses, with the drugs given concurrently, 53% of patients had an objective response, all with a tumor reduction of 80% or more. The investigators concluded that the safety and efficacy demonstrated in this trial was distinct from historical results. With a wide variety of immune checkpont inhibitors in development, the number of possible combinations is almost limitless.

Bavituximab is an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor
In the simplest terms, an immune checkpoint inhibitor prevents the interaction between a receptor-ligand pair that, when bound together, transduces an immunosuppressive signal that leads to tolerance. Does Peregrine’s bavituximab fulfill this criteria? Peregrine’s bavituximab is an antibody that targets a cell membrane associated phospholipid called phosphatidylserine, or PS. Normally, PS is sequestered on the inside leaflet of the cell membrane. A clue that PS may be an immune checkpoint is the appearance of PS on the outside of cells normal cells dying by apoptosis. A considerable amount of cells in our bodies die and are replaced every day. To prevent an inflammatory or immune response from being triggered every time a normal cell dies by apoptosis and leaves cellular debris in its place, there must be a signal to the immune system that this is not an event that threatens the organism. Instead, phagocytes clean up the debris without any inflammatory response. It turns out that the principal immunosuppressive signal in this series of events is PS. A number of PS receptors on immune cells, including M2os, stimulate the production and secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, mainly TGF-B and IL-10, when bound to PS. Transformation into M1os and dendritic cell maturation is inhibited and effector T cells remain quiescent.
There is a growing body of evidence that tumors have hijacked this mechanism to elude the immune system. Many tumor cell types, as well as the vascular endothelium of tumor blood vessels have been shown to express PS on their surface. The mix of immunosuppressive cytokines in the tumor appears to prevent not only immune cell activation in the tumor, but also to inhibit any activated immune cells that venture into the tumor microenvironment. Since PS on the surface of tumor cells promotes the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in tumors, we think it can be considered as an immune checkpoint.
In an animal (mouse) model of cancer, Peregrine discovered that bavituximab, in combination with docetaxel, induced a switch from an immunosuppressive to an immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment. In particular, the drug combination induced the transformation of TAMs from immunosuppressive M2os to immunostimulatory and tumoricidal M1os, along with concomittent changes in the cytokine balance within the tumor, depletion of MDSCs, and an increase in functional, mature dendritic cells. Interestingly, docetaxel amplified the response of the mouse equivalent of bavituximab, 2aG4, as it was shown to increase the expression PS on the surface of cells in the tumor enabling more PS bavituximab interactions. Both 2aG4 and docetaxel alone inhibited tumor growth to some extent, but the combination completely inhibited tumor growth in this mouse model.
Bavituximab induces a switch to an immunostimulatory microenvironment in 2 ways. First, it removes the immunosuppressive signals transduced by PS interacting with its receptors on immune cells and, second, by engaging immunostimulatory Fc? receptors on immune cells by their binding to the Fc region of bavituximab. This stimulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-12 and TNF-a, maturation of dendritic cells, and a phenotypic switch from M2 to M1os. The maturation of dendritic cells enables these cells to present tumor-associated antigens and activate cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Tumor cells are killed by M1os by antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) as bavituximab binds to PS on the surface of tumor cells and by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that recognize tumor antigens expressed on the surface of tumor cells.

Bavituximab, ipilimumab, nivolumab/lambrolizumab
Each one of these immune checkpoint inhibitors acts at a different point along the immunostimulatory cascade. Ipilimumab interferes with an inhibitory signal, CTLA-4, directed against cytotoxic T cells when tumor-associated antigens are presented to the T cells by mature dendritic cells. Nivolumab and lambrolizumab interfere downstream of ipilimumab by interfering with an inhibitory signal expressed by PD-L1 on tumor cells that bind to PD-1 on activated T cells just as the T cells identify and get ready to kill the tumor cell. Bavituximab acts upstream of these checkpoint inhibitors, blocking a PS-mediated signal that helps establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the tumor.
The different mechanisms of action raises the very interesting prospect of evaluating bavituximab in combination with the other immune checkpoint inhibitors (and perhaps with docetaxel as well) to determine if the anti-tumor immune response is enhanced. Peregrine has previously stated that it is commencing a number of preclinical studies to explore new drug combinations. We look forward to the results of these studies.
With regard to developing a bavituximab-docetaxel combination, Peregrine has guided to commencing a registrational Phase III trial of bavituximab with and without docetaxel as 2nd-Line therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before year-end. This trial, to be called SUNRISE (Stimulating ImmUne RespoNse thRough BavItuximab in a PhaSE III Lung Cancer), is essentially of the same design as the recently completed Phase IIb trial in the same indication, except with more patients (targeting about 600) and involving more clinical sites (more than 100). Peregrine guides to a 2-year enrollment period and a 1-year follow-up. If the trial starts this year, top line results could be announced before the end of 2017. . .
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BULLETS (Zavoico/MLV 11-8-13 – scattered thru left margin):
• The immune system is carefully regulated to avoid harming normal, healthy cells of an organism while eliminating potentially dangerous invading pathogens and mutated cells that could turn cancerous
• Immune checkpoints, typically receptor-ligand pairs between interacting immune cells and target cells, help differentiate between cells and pathogens that should be eliminated and those that should not
• Tumors establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment that prevents the immune system from becoming activated and eliminating tumor cells
• Restoring the ability of the immune system to identify and eliminate tumor cells is the objective of cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors
• Immune checkpoint inhibitors are thought to tip the balance from an immunosuppressive to an immunostimulatory microenvironment in tumors
• Immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory tumor microenvironments are differentiated by the presence of specific types of immune cells and mix of secreted cytokines
• Blocking antibodies to the immune checkpoints CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 have demonstrated efficacy and durable responses in multiple clinical trials, validating this targeted approach
• Ipilimumab (BMS’ Yervoy), an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, is the first immune checkpoint inhibitor to be approved by the FDA
• Promising clinical trial results have been reported with blocking antibodies to PD-1 and PD-L1, another immune checkpoint
• With so many different immune checkpoints, the question arises whether blocking more than one immune checkpoint with drug combinations may provoke a stronger anti-tumor response with superior efficacy and more durable responses than blocking just one immune checkpoint
• Based on intriguing preclinical studies, bavituximab is emerging as a novel and effective immune checkpoint inhibitor with a unique mechanism of action
• PS is an immune checkpoint based on its ability to interact with receptors on immune cells that lead to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment
• Bavituximab appears to induce a switch from an immunosuppressive to an immunostimulatory environment in tumors partly by inducing tumor-associated macrophages to switch to a tumoricidal phenotype
• In a Phase IIb trial, adding bavituximab to docetaxel as second line therapy in patients with NSCLC prolonged mOS by 4.4 mos., from 7.3 mos. in the control arm to 11.7 mos. in the drug combination arm

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Ann-Marie Baird (PhD) IASLC TWEETS: https://mobile.twitter.com/BairdAM
https://www.iaslc.org/fellowship/past-winners/anne-marie-baird