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chloebware

04/24/13 11:45 AM

#32184 RE: wall_rus #32183

FYI

Berlin's Pergamon Museum is offering visitors a glimpse of perhaps the world's first real metropolis in a new exhibition that traces the long history of Uruk, in present-day Iraq.

Artifacts, including clay masks of demons, figurines of rulers, limestone ducks used as weights, a prism listing Sumerian kings and clay vessels used as water pipes, grace the exhibition "Uruk — 5,000 Years of the Megacity." They date back as far as the 4th millennium B.C.

The show marks a century of excavations at Uruk in which German experts have played a prominent part. But even now, organizers say, less than 5 percent of the sprawling site in the Iraqi desert about 260 kilometers (160 miles) south of Baghdad has been explored.

Michael Eissenhauer, the director of Berlin's city museums, said Wednesday the exhibition aims to illustrate the importance of Uruk, "the first identifiable major city in the history of mankind" — believed to have had about 40,000 inhabitants in the 4th millennium B.C. and city walls more than 9 kilometers (5 1/2 miles) long.

It was in Uruk where "highly developed organizational forms of city life were developed," with writings and archives among the things discovered there, Eissenhauer said. "Uruk is the cradle of a sophisticated economic and administrative system."

The exhibition includes clay tablets detailing agreements and transactions, such as a payment in silver for delivering valuable stones, and a fragment of an early administrative text.

Uruk is commemorated in the epic poem of Gilgamesh, written on clay tablets about 2,000 B.C. and telling story of a legendary king. A figurine of Gilgamesh features in the exhibition.

The pieces on show at the Pergamon Museum, which is also home to Babylon's famous Ishtar Gate, include items from collections in Berlin and Heidelberg as well as pieces on loan from London's British Museum, Paris' Louvre and the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, England.

Organizers hoped to secure exhibits from Iraq, but the idea fell apart because export permits would have needed the approval of the entire Iraqi Cabinet. That "is not feasible in the current political circumstances," Margarete van Ess of the German Archaeological Institute said

The exhibition opens to the public Thursday and runs through Sept. 8.

chloebware

05/01/13 2:04 PM

#32197 RE: wall_rus #32183

Archaeologists exploring tunnels under the Temple of the Feathered Serpent, a pyramid 30 miles from Mexico City, not only found three chambers (when they only expected one), but came across hundreds of mysterious metal spheres with unknown purpose.


spheres in chamber_DMC, INAH:M. MARATThe spheres found in a chamber off the tunnel seen on the ground. (Photo: DMC, INAH/M. MARAT via Discovery News)
According an article on Mexico's National Institute of Archaeology and History's website, the unexcavated portion of the tunnel under the temple in Teotihuacan was traversed by an infrared camera-equipped robot - Tlaloc II-TC -- that also had the ability to scan the area to generate a 3D picture.

Getting through the tunnel was a challenge with the robot because of its weight and the presence of mud, according to archaeologist Sergio Gómez Chávez. He said the wet conditions were to create a scene like that the Teotihuacanos believed to be similar to the underworld.

With information from the robot, archaeologists were able to find that they need to remove 30 more meters of debris in the tunnel to reach the three chambers.


chamber_ temple of feathered serpentOne of the chambers in an already excavated portion of tunnel under the temple. (Photo: DMC, INAH/M. MARAT via Discovery News)
Two additional chambers that are within the already excavated portion of the tunnel is where archaeologists found the spheres, which they believe were placed inside at the last closing of the tunnel about 1,800 years ago.

"We can not yet establish its role because it is an unprecedented discovery. They should have a sphere, ranging from 4 to 12 inches and have a core of clay with organic matter, then covered them with pyrite, a mineral that underwent a process of oxidation and became jarosite, hence have a tone yellow," archaeologist Jorge Zavala said, according to the National Institute of Archaeology and History.


sphers in temple of feathered serpentSpheres found in this chamber are on the ground. Archaeologists say in their original state, they would have shone as a golden color. (Photo: DMC, INAH/M. MARAT via Discovery News)
Discovery News reported George Cowgill, professor emeritus at Arizona State University who has authored publications on Teotihuacan, saying the spheres in their original condition "would have shown brilliantly." Still, he said he had no idea what they could mean.

The researchers hope the tunnels and chambers will offer clues about rituals, like burials of important figures, that were conducted in Teotihuacan.

"We believe that high-ranking people, priests or even rulers, went down to the tunnel to perform rituals," Gómez Chávez to Discovery News. "Maybe in this place, we will find the remains of those who ruled Teotihuacan."

JONAH 2

05/10/13 3:26 PM

#32222 RE: wall_rus #32183

FEW UNDRESTAND THE ABSTRACT AS IT REQUIRES ENERGY TO MOVE AND GEESTURE AND TO USE THE SPIRIT WHEREIN IT SIGNIFIES YET NO ONE CAN BE POSITIVE -NEGATIVE REACTS TO REACTION OF HUMOR WHICH IN A WAY COULD MAKE THE BODY MOVE IN EITHER DIRECTION DEPENDING ON THE MIND --ONLY WARRIORS CAN FUNCTION IN SUCH PHASES AS THEY HAVE THE ONENESS OF UNTOLD ENERGY WHEREIN IT EXISTS -
SOME DO NOT SEE ACTS OF TRUE ABANDON AS CLEARLY AS OTHERS AS THEY DEPEND ON THEIR EYES WHICH HAVE NO RELATIONSHIP IN THIS COMPLEX MATTER AND MODE OF THINKING --ONE MUST ATTACH THEMSELVES TO THE INVISABLE SEEN BY PERCEPTION OF THE BRAIN THRU THE MIND WHICH FUNCTIOINS IN WAYS ONLY THOSE WITH CONTACT WITH PAST GENIUSES, UNKNOW TO BUT A FEW --IN TIME THE BODY WILL NOT BE INVOLVED AS THE ENERGY THAT EXISTS BECOMES ONE WITH IT AND SO WILL ENTER INTO OUTER SPACE ONCE AGAIN -AS IF A SPITIT BUT IN REALITY JUST ANOTHER UNSEEN AND COMPLEX NUCLEUS OF TIME AND MATTER -ATOMS SEEKING SOME DIRECTION FROM GRAVITATIONAL FORCES THROUGHOUT THE UNIVERSE --