Welcome! I was in your shoes about a month ago, and actually started following Ospreyeye from that board as well.
I knew next to nothing about charts either but you are certainly on the right track looking things up as you go. Investopedia gives nice clear concise info.
A bullish run means the chart was previously bearish (headed down) and has given indication that it will turn bullish and start heading up. A "breakout" is what MJNA has been doing the past 2 days.
The first thing I would look into are some basic indicators on the chart. There are resistance and support levels, which can be found by using simple moving averages. for example MA(10) is the share price average over a 10 day period. the common periods are 10,20,50,100,200, with 100, 200 showing the longer more stable trend. If the stock price is below one of these levels it is resistance and if above, support.
Another support/resis indicator to look up are Bollinger Bands (BB)
Also you could look up: RSI, Fast STO and Full STO which help to show if a stock is overbought, oversold, heading bullish, bearish...
Candlesticks show more of the day to day action and I am just getting used to some of these. There are many different names such as: hammer, DOJI, spinning top, gravestone doji etc.
You are on the right track. Read Ospreyeye and others posts and look up keywords you do not understand. There is lots to be learned here and $paper$ to be made in the process. Ask away and good luck!