Global Warming Is Behind The Real War On Christmas
It’s that time of year when Fox News and other conservative media outlets revive their imaginary “War on Christmas.” But the actual threat to one Christmas tradition comes from something more insidious than Fox’s perceived attacks: Extreme drought, fueled by climate change, has hit the Christmas tree market.
2012's relentless drought will likely last through the rest of the winter, at least in the midwest, as areas under severe drought expanded in November. Right now, 63 percent of the lower 48 states are experiencing drought conditions:
The prolonged drought has hurt the growth of newly planted trees, which take years six to 12 years to reach full height. The more mature trees have developed route systems to survive little water, meaning growers expect normal supply for the holiday season. Since the youngest trees lack enough water to develop their roots, they die off quickly.
The Star Tribune writes that in Minnesota, “the dry late summer and fall killed many young trees — perhaps 40 percent, said Will Almendinger, owner of Rum River Tree Farm in Anoka County. In other parts of the Midwest, it appears to have taken all of them, said Bert Cregg, a Michigan State University horticulture professor.” Much of Oklahoma, for example, is under exception drought, experiencing its seventh-driest year on record. At the same time, Oklahoma’s tree farms have dwindled in number. Minnesota farmers worry about tree supply in years to come, after two exceptionally dry and hot summers.
One study after another shows that the U.S. will only face increasingly severe, frequent droughts, with global warming as the culprit.
four big beautiful burnt feet of four magnificent "'big tree'"s .. one owl .. two dogs .. one old cranky Republican, almost ghoulish ..
Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
The giant sequoia is world-renowned as the largest living thing on the planet, and these majestic trees continue to inspire wonder. Although not the tallest trees, their sheer volume, with the possible exception of colonial organisms such as corals, make giant sequoias the largest living things on earth (3). Also known as 'big tree' in California, the giant sequoia lives up to its name, reaching up to 95 meters in height and 11 meters in diameter (2). The massive, tapering trunk is a characteristic reddish-brown colour; the bark is extremely thick, sometimes up to 60 centimetres, and deeply furrowed (4). In mature trees the first half of the trunk is clear of branches, they form a rounded crown towards the top with individual branches sweeping downward with upturned ends (3). The small, scale-like leaves are green and spirally arranged (4). Both male and female cones are carried on the same tree; female cones are up to 7.5 centimetres long and four centimetres wide, composed of spirally arranged scales. They are reddish-brown when mature and contain numerous, flattened, winged seeds
The garden at Yengo in Mt Wilson is over a century old and was designed by the landscaper who created Sydney's Botanic Gardens. Today, the garden features sculpture by two renowned English artists and many of the pieces are for sale. For complete information about Yengo, go to its website: http://www.yengo-sculpture-garden-welcome.com http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DiL2YOt2w0
Satellite images help pinpoint land-cover and fire patterns
By Summit Voice Posted on December 6, 2012 by Bob Berwyn
FRISCO — Along with global warming, new research [ http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.12046/abstract ] suggests that invasive cheatgrass is a significant factor in the proliferation of more intense fires in the intermountain West, and specifically in the Great Basin.
“Although this result has been suspected by managers for decades, this study is the first to document recent cheatgrass-driven fire regimes at a regional scale, the scientists wrote, describing the study that relied partly on satellite images captured between 2000 and 2009 to create a detailed land-cover map of the Great Basin.
The study was led by Penn State University fire expert Jennifer Balch. Bethany Bradley, a biogeographer at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, brought her expertise in remote sensing and spatial analysis to the study.
Bradley, Balch and the other co-researchers said that, during the past 10 years, cheatgrass fueled most of the largest fires, influencing 39 of the largest 50. Also, fires in grass-covered lands were on average significantly larger than the average fire size on lands dominated by other types of vegetation such as pinyon-juniper, montane shrubland and cultivated areas.
Data also suggest that cheatgrass plays a role in more frequent fires.
“From 2000 to 2009, cheatgrass burned twice as much as any other vegetation,” Balch said.
“One of the tricky things about fires in the West is high year-to-year variability,” Bradley said. “Grass fires tend to occur the year after a wet year, because there is plenty of dry, standing biomass ready to be burned. So trying to figure out this fire relationship you need to have a time series with enough fire years to produce a strong signal. With a full decade of data, we were able to capture the relationship.
“Cheatgrass leaves a continuous cover, which is why it may burn more frequently. The native vegetation in such dry landscapes is often shrubby and separated by bare soil, which can stop a fire, but cheatgrass forms a continuous fuel,” she added.
Balch explained that one of the consequences of more widespread cheatgrass fires is that landscapes dominated by it have a shorter fire-return interval, the time between fires in a region. For cheatgrass-dominated areas it is 78 years, compared to a 196-year interval in areas dominated by another species such as sagebrush.
“What’s happening is that cheatgrass is creating a novel grass-fire cycle that makes future fires more likely,” she explained. “Fire promotes cheatgrass and cheatgrass promotes fires. And cheatgrass-influenced fires create a difficult management challenge.” They can threaten agricultural lands, residential areas as well as habitat for vulnerable native wildlife.
The new information from this study will be useful to management agencies in the West, Bradley said.
“Managers have until now been trying to model fire risk under future climate and development conditions without any information on cheatgrass’s influence. So now they have one more tool to introduce more information and accuracy into their models.”
In the future, the research team hopes to use this regional approach to learn more about how different landscape types such as shrub, forest and wetland ecosystems respond to climate on a yearly basis.
“Using remote sensing we can relate climate conditions to fire response and ecosystem phenology over time, and potentially predict how those ecosystems might be affected by consistently warming temperatures in the future,” Bradley said.
Invasive Grass Fuels Increased Fire Activity in the West Cheatgrass (yellow) in the foreground, dominate only about 6 percent of the Great Basin, but the average fire size is larger than in other ecosystems dominated by sage or pinyon, for example. Dec. 5, 2012 http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121205132357.htm
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